专八真题完整版包含MINILECTUREword资料31页.docx

专八真题完整版包含MINILECTUREword资料31页.docx

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专八真题完整版包含MINILECTUREword资料31页

TEM8-2012

TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS（2012）

-GRADEEIGHT-

TIMELIMIT:

195MIN

PARTILISTENINGCOMPREttENSION（35MIN）

SECTIONAMINI-LECTURE

Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLYWhilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE,usingnomorethanthreewordsineachgap.Makesuretheword（s）youfillinis（are）bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayrefertoyournoteswhilecompletingthetask.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.Now,listentothemini-lecture.

Observation

Peopledoobservationindailylifecontextforsafetyorforproperbehaviour.However,therearedifferencesindailylifeobservationandresearchobservation.

A.Differences

----dailylifeobservation

--casual

--

（1）________

--defendenceonmemory

----researchobservation

--

（2）_________

--carefulrecordkeeping

B.Waystoselectsamplesinresearch

----timesampling

--systematic:

e.g.fixedintervalseveryhour

--random:

fixedintervalsbut（3）_______

Systematicsamplingandrandomsamplingareoftenusedincombination.

----（4）_______

--definition:

selectionofdifferentlocations

--reason:

humans’oranimals’behaviour（5）______acrosscircumstances

--（6）______:

moreobjectiveobservations

C.Waystorecordbehaviour（7）_______

----observationwithintervention

--participantobservation:

researcherasobserverandparticipant

--fieldexperiment:

research（8）______overconditions

----observationwithoutintervention

--purpose:

describingbehaviour（9）______

--（10）______:

nointervention

--researcher:

apassiverecorder

SECTIONBINTERVIEW

InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthe

questionsthatfollow.MarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.

Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10

secondstoanswereachofthefoliowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcreativityisINCORRECT?

A.Creativitystemsfromhumanbeings'novelthinking.

B.Thedurationofthecreativeprocessvariesfrompersontoperson.

C.Creativepeoplefocusonnovelthinkingratherthanonsolutions.

D.Theoutcomeofhumancreativitycomesinvariedforms.

2.TheintervieweecitestheBachfamilytoshowthatcreativity

A.appearstobetheresultoftheenvironment.

B.seemstobeattributabletogeneticmakeup.

C.appearstobemoreassociatedwithgreatpeople.

D.comesfrombothenvironmentandgeneticmakeup.

3.Howmanytypesofthecreativeprocessdoestheintervieweedescribe?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

4.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesofacreativepersonalityisNOTmentionedintheinterview?

A.Unconventional.B.Original.

C.Resolute.D.Critical.

5.Theinterviewee'ssuggestionforacreativityworkoutsupportstheviewthat

A.brainexercisingwillnotmakepeoplecreative.

B.mostpeoplehavediversifiedinterestsandhobbies.

C.theenvironmentissignificantinthecreativeprocess.

D.creativitycanonlybefoundingreatpeople.

SECTIONCNEWSBROADCAST

InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Question6isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.

6.Whatisthenewsitemmainlyabout?

A.U.S.astronautsmadethreespacewalks.

B.Aninternationalspacestationwassetup.

C.Aprobleminthecoolingsystemwassolved.

D.A350-kilogramammoniapumpwasremoved.

Questions7and8arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.

7.Inwhichcountrywouldparentsoftenthreatentopunishchildrenbyleavingthemoutside?

A.India.B.ThePhilippines.

C.Egypt.D.Notmentioned.

8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthestudy?

A.Torevealculturaldifferencesandsimilarities.

B.Toexposecasesofchildabuseandpunishment.

C.Toanalyzechildbehaviouracrosscountries.

D.Toinvestigatewaysofphysicalpunishment.

Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.

9.Accordingtothenewsitem,Japan'seconomicgrowthinthesecondquarterwas____lessthanthefirstquarter.

A.0.6percentB.3.4percent

C.4percentD.3percent

10.HowmanyreasonsdoesthenewsitemciteforJapan'ssloweconomicgrowth?

A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.

PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION（30MIN）

Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.

TEXTA

Iusedtolookatmyclosetandseeclothes.Thesedays,wheneverIcastmyeyesuponthestacksofshoesandhangersofshirts,sweatersandjackets,Iseewater.

Ittakes569gallonstomanufactureaT-shirt,fromitsstartinthecottonfieldstoitsappearanceonstoreshelves.Apairofrunningshoes?

1,247gallons.

Untillastfall,I'dbeenoblivioustomy"waterfootprint",whichisdefinedasthetotalvolumeoffreshwaterthatisusedtoproducegoodsandservices,accordingtotheWaterFootprintNetwork.TheDutchnonprofithasbeenworkingtoraiseawarenessoffreshwaterscarcitysince2008,butitwasthroughthe"GreenBlueBook"byThomasM.KostigenthatIwasabletoseehowmyownactionsfactoredin.

I'veinstalledgray-watersystemstoreusethewastewaterfrommylaundry,machineandbathtubandrerouteittomylandscape-systemsthatsave,onaverage,50gallonsofwaterperday.I'vesetuprainbarrelsandinfiltrationpitstocollectthousandsofgallonsofstormwatercascadingfrommyroof.I'veevenenteredthelastbastionofgreendom-installingacompostingtoilet.

Sufficetosay,I'vebeenfeelingprettysatisfiedwithmyselfforallthedrinkingwaterI'vesavedwiththesebig-ticketprojects.

NowIrealizethatmydailyconsumptionchoicescouldhaveanevenlargereffect–notonlyonthelocalwatersupplybutalsoglobally:

1.1billionpeoplehavenoaccesstofreshwater,and,inthefuture,thosewhodohaveaccesswillhavelessofit.

Toseehowmuchvirtualwater1wasusing,Iloggedontothe"GreenBlueBook"websiteanduseditswaterfootprintcalculator,enteringmydailyconsumptionhabits.Tallyingupthewaterfootprintofmybreakfast,lunch,dinnerandsnacks,aswellasmydailydoseofover-the-counteruppersanddowners-coffee,wineandbeer-I'musing512gallonsofvirtualwatereachdayjusttofeedmyself.

Inaword:

alarming.

EvenmorealarmingwashowmuchhiddenwaterIwasusingtogetdressed.I'mhardlyaclotheshorse,butthefewnewitemsIbuyonceagaintrumpedtheamountofwaterflowingfrommyfaucetseachday.IfI'mseriousaboutsavingwater,IrealizedIcouldmakesomesimplelifestyleshifts.Lookingmorecloselyattheareasinmylifethatusethemostvirtualwater,itwasfoodandclothes,specificallymeat,coffeeand,oddly,bluejeansandleatherjackets.

Beingamotorcyclist,Iownanunusuallylargeamountofleather-bootsandjacketsinparticular.Allofitisenormouslywaterintensive.Ittakes7,996gallonstomakealeather.jacket,leatherbeingabyproductofbeef.Ittakes2,866gallonsofwatertomakeasinglepairofbluejeans,becausethey'remadefromwater-hoggingcotton.

CrunchingthenumbersfortheamountofclothesIbuyeveryyear,itlooksalotlikemyfriend'sswimmingpool.MyentireclosetisborderlineOlympic.

Gulp.

Mylateresolutionistobuysomeitemsused.Underwearandsocksare,ofcourse,exemptfromthisstrategy,but1havenoproblemshoppinglessandalsoshoppingatGoodwill.Infact,I'dbeendoingthatforthepastyeartosavemoney.Myclothes'outrageouswaterfootprintjustreintbrceditforme.

Moreconsciouslivingandsubstitution,ratherthansacrifice,aretheprevailingideaswiththewaterfootprint.It'soneI'mtrying,andthat'shadanunusualupside.Ihadahamburgerrecently,andIenjoyeditalotmoresinceitisnowanoccasionaltreatratherthanaweeklyhabit.

（Onegallon=3.8litres）

11.Accordingtothepassage,theWaterFootprintNetwork

A.madetheauthorawareoffreshwatershortage.

B.helpedtheauthorgettoknowtheGreenBlueBook.

C.workedforfreshwaterconservationfornonprofitpurposes.

D.collaboratedwiththeGreenBlueBookinfreshwaterconservation.

12.Whichofthefollowingreasonscanbestexplaintheauthor'sfeelingofself-satisfaction?

A.Hemadecontributiontodrinkingwaterconservationinhisownway.

B.Moneyspentonupgradinghishouseholdfacilitieswasworthwhile.

C.Hishousewasequippedwithadvancedwater-savingfacilities.

D.Hecouldhavemadeevengreatercontributionbychanginghislifestyle.

13.Accordingtothecontext,"...howmvownactionsfactoredin"means

A.howIcouldcontributetowaterconservation.

B.whateffortsIshouldmaketosavefreshwater.

C.whatbehaviourcouldbecountedasfreshwater-saving.

D.howmuchofwhatIdidcontributedtofreshwatershortage.

14.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorwasmorealarmedbythefactthat

A.hewashavingmoremeatandcoffee.

B.hisclothesusedevenmorevirtualwa