新概念英语第二册语法解析及练习题合辑.docx
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新概念英语第二册语法解析及练习题合辑
新概念英语第二册语法解析及练习题2020合辑_
新概念英语第二册语法解析及练习题
1.表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。
常与yet,just,before,recently,lately(最近),ever,never等表时间的副词搭配使用。
●Hehasn'tseenherlately.
●Ihaven'tfinishedthebookyet.
2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
如:
sofar(迄今为止),uptill
now(直到现在),since,foralongtime(很长时间),uptopresent(直到现在),inthepast/inthe
lastfewyears(在过去的几年里),thesedays(目前)。
.Hehasworkedherefor15years.
.IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere.
.TheforeignerhasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime.
.Sofar,Ihaven'treceivedasingleletterfrommybrother.
3.某些非延续性动词(即:
动作开始便终止的动词),在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。
黄金要点:
I.常见的非延续动词:
die,arrive(到达),join(加入),leave(离开),go,refuse(拒
绝),fail(失败),finish,buy,marry,divorce(离婚),awake(醒),buy,borrow,lend.(背三遍!
)
II.这类动词并非不能用现在完成时,而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。
III.但若是用在否定句中,非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
●Shehasgoneawayforamonth.(误)
●Shehasbeenawayforamonth(正)
●Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.(误)
●Themanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.(正)
●Howlonghaveyouboughtthebook?
(误)
●Howlonghaveyougotthebook.(正)
4.注意since的用法:
.Theyhaven'thadanytroublesincetheycamehere.
.Ithasbeentenyearssincewemetlasttime.
.Hehasbeenheresince1980.
.Hehasbeenheresincetenyearsago.
5.几组对比:
HehasgonetoShanghai.他到上海去了。
HehasbeentoShanghai.他去过上海。
Shehasgone.她已走了。
Sheisgone.她缺席了。
(or她死了。
)
Thedoorhasbeenclosed.门关上了。
(动作)
Thedoorisclosed.门是关着的。
(状态)
练习题
1.Theprices________goingupallthetimeinthepastfewyears.
A.keepB.keptC.havekeptD.arekeeping
2.Forthewholeperiodoftwomonths,there________noraininthisarea.
A.isB.willbeC.hasbeenD.havebeen
3.TodayisJane'sweddingday.She________John.
A.havejustmarriedwithB.wasjustmarriedto
C.hasjustbeenmarriedtoD.justhasbeenmarriedto
4.Nowondertheflowerhavewithered,they________anywaterforages.
A.hadn'tB.haven'tC.haven'thadD.hadn'thad
5.Nowadaysputer________awideapplicationwiththedevelopmentofproductionandscience.
A.foundB.hasfoundC.findsD.hadfound
练习答案:
1.C2.C3.C4.C5.B
新概念英语第二册语法解析及练习题:
现在进行时
现在进行时:
is/am/are+现在分词
1.表示现在正在进行的动作。
如
.Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea?
.Don'tyouthinkyoueattoomuch?
You'reputtingonweight(体重增加)。
.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrosstheriver.
2.表现阶段正进行的动作。
.Heistakingphysicsthissemester(本学期)。
.Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.
3.go,e,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。
.Look!
Thebusising.看!
车来了!
.Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheisdying.
.AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.
4.与always,forever,continually,constantly等副词连用,表示说话人带有感.:
赞赏或厌恶。
.Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.(他总是想着别人。
)
.Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.(这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。
)
.Theteacherisconstantly(always)criticizingherforbeinglate.(老师一直在批评她迟到。
)
5.下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。
(此条戒律请背10遍!
!
!
)
believe(相信),doubt(怀疑),see(看见),hear(听见),know(知道),understand(理解),belong(属于),think(认为),consider(认为),feel(觉得),look(看起来),seem(看上去),show(显示),mind(介意),have(有),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),require(要求),possess(拥有),care(关心),like(喜欢),hate(讨厌),love(喜爱),detest(憎恨),desire(意欲)
【简单记忆】
●永远不要说I'mbelieving...或Heisseeingahouse.再简单一点说,这些动词后面不要随意加-ing.
●可怕的是:
我们在写作及口语中常犯此类大错!
●注意:
haveaparty/thinkabout可以用进行时,因为这里have意为“举行”;think意为“考虑”。
【测试精编】
1.Howcanyou________Ifyouarenot________?
A.listening/hearingB.hear/listening
C.belistening/heardD.behearing/listeningto
2.Thegirlevenwon'thaveherlunchbeforeshe________herhomework.
A.willfinishB.isfinishing
C.hadfinishedD.finishes
3.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepost(职位)________intheoffice.(此题超前)
A.arebeinginterviewedB.areinterviewing
C.interviewingD.tobeinterviewing
4.Theoldscientist________todomoreforthecountry.
A.iswishingB.hasbeenwishing
C.wishesD.hasbeenwished
5.Ifhe________,don'twakehimup.
A.stillsleepsB.isstillsleeping
C.stillhasbeensleepingD.willbesleepingstill
【练习答案】
1.B2.D3.A4.C5.B
新概念英语第二册语法解析及练习题:
一般现在时
一、一般现在时:
1.构成:
使用动词原形,第三人称单数须有变化。
(1)直接加“s”,works,takes
(2)以辅音加“y”结尾,变“y”为“i”,再加“es”
carry→carries
(3)以“o,s,x,ch,sh”结尾的动词加“es”
goesdresseswatchesbrushes
2.功能:
(1)表现在的事实、状态或动作:
eg:
.Birdsfly.
.Shelovesmusic.
.Mary'sparentsgetupveryearly.
(2)表习惯性动作或职业,常与often,sometimes,usually,always,everyweek,seldom,occasionally,frequently等时间副词连用。
eg:
.Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper.
.Shewritestomeveryoften.
.Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicnicoccasionally.
(3)表客观真理,格言警句或事实:
.Theearthmovesroundthesun.
.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.
.Twoandtwomakesfour.
.Nomanbuterrs.人非圣贤,熟能无过。
(4)表将来:
A.在由when,after,before,as,assoonas,although,because,if,evenif,incase,till,until,unless,
solongas,where,whatever,wherever等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。
(黄金重点,所有考试都不放过它!
)
例如:
.I'lltellherwhenestomorrow.
.Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I'llmeetyou.
.Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.(不错的句型,背下!
!
)
.I'llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.(很感人的句型!
)
B.按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件,用一般现在时表达将来时概念。
.Theplaybeginsat6:
30thisevening.
.Whendoestheplanetakeoff?
.Heleavesforthatcitynextweek.
.Accordingtothetimetable,theexpresstraintoShanghaistartsatnineinthemorning.
(按照时刻表,开往上海的特快列车早上7点出发。
)
【测试精编】
1.TheBrowns________anicecarandBrown'sbrother________anicejeep.
A.have/haveB.has/hasC.have/hasD.has/have
2.Iftheirhouse________notlikeours,what________itlooklike?
A.is/isB.is/doesC.does/doesD.does/is
3.-________youthinkhewille?
-Ifit________tomorrow,hewille.
A.Do/rainsB.Are/rainsC.Do/willrainD.Are/willrain
4.Thelittlechild________notevenknowthatthemoon________aroundtheearth.
A.do/moveB.do/movesC.does/movesD.did/moved
5.Manyastudent________fondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldom________tothecinema
A.are/goesB.is/goesC.are/goD.is/go
【练习答案】
1.C2.B3.A4.C5.B
新概念英语第二册语法解析及练习题:
单复数主语
I.单数主语:
1.当every-,some-,any-,no-等构成的不定代词及each,either,neither作主语时,谓语动词为单数。
Someonehastoldmeaboutit.
Neitherofuslikesthefilm.
2.当every或each位于两个由连接词连接的单数主语前,谓语动词用单数。
(必记之要点!
)
Eachgirlandboyhasanickname.
Everymanandwomanise.
3.位于主谓之间的介词短语不影响谓语动词的数,谓语动词须和主语一致。
常见介词短语有:
inadditionto,togetherwith,aswellas,alongwith,but,except,etc.
(这是一几乎所有考试都不愿放过的重点。
)
Theteacheralongwithhisstudentsisgoingtotheparty.
Hisparentsaswellashiseldersisterhaveetoseehim.
II.复数主语:
1.当主语由and或both...and连接,通常采用复数谓语动词。
●Boththegirlandtheboyarehisfriends.
2.如主语是both,few或主语前有both,few,several,many等限定词时,谓语动词须用复数。
●Severalnovelshavebeenwrittenbyher.
●Bothgotthenewsatthesametime.
下列名词总是复数形式且谓语动词必须用复数。
trousers,pants(裤子),jeans,glasses,scissors(剪刀),tweezers(镊子),plier(钳子),
scales(天平),passes(圆规),etc.
●Thetrousersherearemine.
别忘了:
如果以上名词受“apairof”“thepairof”修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
Thepairofpantsistoodirty.
III.单、复数的灵活运用:
1.当主语由neither...nor,either...or,notonly...butalso或or连接时,谓语动词与nor,or,butalso后面的词一致,在英语语法中,这被称之为“就近原则”。
●NeitherhenorIamgoingtotheairport.
●NotonlyMarybutalsoherparentshavegoneabroad.
2.当主语前面有none,all,some,any,most,half,majority等词时,谓语动词则根据主语的具体情况而采用相应的单、复数。
Allofthemoneyhasbeeninthebank.(money是不可数名词)
Allofushavebeenhere.
3.“anumberof”是复数,修饰可数名词,谓语动词为复数,“thenumber
of”也修饰复数名词,但谓语动词用单数。
(黄金要点!
!
)
●Anumberofstudentshavepassedtheexam.
●Thenumberofstudentsinthisclassis50.
IV.用作单数的复数形式主语:
1.如主语是指:
time,money,weight,volume,etc.虽为复数形式,但谓语用单数形式。
Twoyearsisashorttime.
Onehundreddollarsisneededbyme.
2.下列单词如:
physics,economics,mathematics,statistics,etc;measles,mumps,herpes,etc,news,ethics,politics,etc.为复数形式,但谓语动词用单数。
Statisticsisadullsubject.
Politicsisimportant.
3.书、报、杂志、电影的名称作主语,谓动用作单数。
TheNewYorkTimesisagoodnewspaper.
V.下列名词在形式上保持不变,但谓语动词的数取决于其意义:
1.family,team,class,mittee,group,audience,faculty,etc.
Thefamilyisbig.(总体)
HisfamilyliketowatchTV.(家庭所有成员)
2.species,series,etc.
Thespeciesisrare.
Thesespeciesaremon.
3.sheep,deer,etc.
Thesheepareeatinggrass.
Thesheepisbig.
VI.Chinese,English,French,etc指语言时,谓动是单数,如与“the"搭配,指人民时,谓语动词用复数。
Englishisusedwidely.
TheEnglishlovepeace.
VII.注意下列外来语的单复数形:
单数
basis
crisis
criterion(标准)
phenomenon
radius(半径)
alumnus(男校友)
datum(资料)
medium(媒体)
index(索引)
appendix(附录)
alga(海藻)
vita(生命)
复数
bases
crises
criteria
phenomena
radii
alumni
data
media
indices
appendices
algae
vitae
练习:
1.Studentstodayarewriting________ofpoetry.
A.agreatmanylinesB.quantitiesoflinesC.lotslinesD.alargenumber
2.Thebookstorehadnotordered________textsforallthestudentsinthecourse.
A.plentyofB.enough
C.asmanyD.enoughof
3.—Whatdidyousee?
—Wesaw________policethere.
A.manyB.muchC.littleD.the
4.—Doyouwanttowait?
—Twoweeks________toolongformetowait.
A.isB.areC.wereD.was
5.TheretheyweregreetedbyawomancalledZenobia,________.
A.beingabeautifulwomanofwealthandposition
B.whoisbeautifulwomanofwealthandposition
C.abeautifulwomanofwealthandposition
D.andabeautifulwomanofwealthandposition
答案:
1.A2.B3.A4.A5.C