浅析《包法利夫人》中女主人公悲剧命运的形成及成因.docx

浅析《包法利夫人》中女主人公悲剧命运的形成及成因.docx

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浅析《包法利夫人》中女主人公悲剧命运的形成及成因

Abstract

GustaveFlaubert,afamousFrenchwriter.GustaveFlaubert'sachievementsaremainlyreflectedinthedescriptionofthe19thcenturyFrenchsocialcustomsandhumanfeelingsofatrueanddetailedrecord,super-era,super-consciousnesstoexploretheaesthetictrendofmodernnovels.MadameBovary,oneofGustaveFlaubert'smasterpieces,tellsthestoryofanaristocraticpeasantdaughter,Emma,whoisinfluencedbyromanticideasfromanearlyageandindulgesinunrealisticfantasies，andpursuitsoftheideallovelifeblindly，andultimatelyputherselfintotheabyssofdepravity.ThroughtheanalysisoftheformationprocessandcausesofthetragicfateofEmma,theheroineofMadameBovary,thisthesisreflectsthetragiclifeandfateofyoungFrenchgirlsinthesocialenvironmentatthattimeItshowsthedamagethatthecapitalistsocialsystem,PatriarchyandtraditionalmoralideasdidtotheordinarypeopleofFranceatthattime.Thesignificanceofthispaperistowarnpeoplenottopursuetheunrealisticlifeblindly,andtomakepeoplewhostillfollowtheromantictraditionoftheimperialagehaveadeepunderstanding.

ThisthesisisaqualitativestudyofthenovelMadameBovaryonthebasisofareviewofrelevantliteratureathomeandabroad.ItisfoundthatthetragicfateofEmmaiscloselyrelatedtothecapitalistSocialSystem,Patriarchy,monasticeducationandtraditionalmoralthoughtsinFrance.TherearefiveelementsthatleadtothemiserablelifeandtragicfateofFrenchwomenunderthesocialbackgroundatthattime，theyareEmma'sownunrealisticpursuitofromanticcharacter,theextravaganceofCapitalistSociety,theinequalitybetweenmenandwomeninaPatriarchalSociety,theconfinementofmonasticeducation，aswellasthefeudalobstinacyoftraditionalmoralideas.

Keywords:

tragicfate;capitalism;idealandreality;patriarchalsociety

摘要

居斯塔夫·福楼拜，法国著名作家。

《包法利夫人》是福楼拜的代表作之一，作品讲述的是一个受过贵族化教育的农家女爱玛因自幼受到浪漫主义思想的熏陶,沉迷于不切实际的幻想,盲目追求理想的爱情生活,而最终把自已推向堕落的深渊的故事。

本文主要通过对《包法利夫人》中女主角爱玛的悲剧命运的形成过程和形成原因进行分析,反映出当时社会环境下法国青年少女的悲惨生活和命运,展现了资本主义社会制度、父权制社会和传统道德观念对当时法国普通群众造成的伤害影响。

本论文的意义在于警告世人不要盲目追求不切实际的生活,使那些仍然沿袭着帝国时代浪漫传统的人们有了深刻的认识。

本篇论文在查阅国内外相关文献的基础上,对《包法利夫人》这篇小说进行定性研究。

研究发现，小说主人公爱玛的悲剧命运与当时法国的资本主义社会制度、父权制社会、修道院教育和传统道德思想息息相关。

正是爱玛自身不切实际追求浪漫主义的性格、资本主义社会的奢靡之风，父权制社会的男女不平等，修道院教育的禁锢人心和传统道德思想的封建固执，导致了当时社会背景下法国女性的悲惨生活和悲剧命运。

关键词:

悲剧命运资本主义理想与现实父权制社会

TableofContents

Acknowledgmentsi

AbstractinEnglishii

1.2LiteratureReview2

2.2DisappointmentandDissatisfactionWithHusband5

2.3BeingTeasedbyRodolph5

2.4BeingCheatedbyLeon6

2.5BeingLuredandinHugeDebt7

ChapterThreeAnalysisoftheCausesofMadameBovary'sTragicDestiny8

3.1InternalCauses8

3.1.1MadameBovary'sCharacter

3.1.2MadameBovary'sFamilyEnvironment

3.1.3MonasteryEducationWithHypocrisyandImprisonment

3.1.4TheChaosofMarriageLife

3.1.5TheContradictionBetweenPursuingIdealLifeandRealLife

3.2ExternalCauses11

3.2.1TheImpactofCapitalistEconomicSystem

3.2.2CorrosionoftheCapitalistSociety

3.2.3TraditionalMoralConcepts

3.2.4PatriarchalSociety

ChapterFourConclusion15

4.1MajorFindings15

4.2SignificanceandLimitations15

ChapterOne

Introduction

1.1IntroductionAbouttheAuthorandMajorWorks

Flaubert,aFrenchman,isaworldfamouswriterwhosefullnameisGustaveFlaubert.Hewasbornat1821andlivedfor59years.Heisagreatmanintheworldoffictionandhasalargenumberofstudents.HismostfamousworksincludeMadameBovary,EmotionalEducation,andBouvarandPercucc.Hehadaprofoundinfluenceontheliteraturefromtheendofthe19thcenturytothe20thcentury,especiallyonthedevelopmentofthemodernistliterature,andwasknownas"theoriginatorofthenaturalism"and"thefounderofthemodernWesternnovel".HestudiedatthefamousUniversityofParisinFrance.ThenGustaveFlaubertdroppedoutofschoolbecausehewasmentallyillandreturnedhometoconcentrateonhiswork.ManypeopleknowGustaveFlaubertasaworldfamouswriterwhosenovelsarehighlyregarded.GustaveFlauberthadmanyfriends,Zola,Hugo,andothers,andaccordingtotheirrecords,everytimesomeonecametovisithim,itwasclearfromhiswriting,hismanneroflife,andhisactionsthatGustaveFlaubertwasamanofmanyfriendsGustaveFlaubertwouldopenthedoorhimself.Flaubertlivedinabourgeoisfamilywithsomemoney,buthewasveryaffableinhistreatmentofpeoplewithoutrelyingonit.EverySundayhesenthisservantshome,andifanyonecametothehouse,GustaveFlaubertwouldanswerthedoorhimself,verywarmly.FromthisincidentwecanlearnthatGustaveFlaubert,thoughagreatwriter,isveryapproachable,althoughhisfamilyhasmoney,hischesthaswords,butheisnotarrogant.GustaveFlaubertwasMaupassant'steacher.Hewasdirect,strict,andpatientwithhisstudents.HesawthatGustaveFlaubertwasaverycarefulandintelligentmanwhoknewwhathisstudentsneededandhowtoteachthem.GustaveFlaubert'slifewasrelativelyshort,just59years,duringwhichhecreatednumerouscommendableworks.Carefullylookbackonhislife,heissuccessful,butalsobumpy,hewasoftencold,oftenbypeople'scoldeyes,hissuccessishard-won.

Emma,theonlychildofawealthypeasant,spenthergirlhoodinaconvent,learningthespeechandmannersofanoblewoman.Aswasthecustomoftheuppermiddleclassatthetime,shewassenttoaconventboardingschool.Havingspenthergirlhoodinaconvent,shelearnedthespeechandmannersofanoblewoman.IntheenclosedChristianMonasticism,shefindspleasureonlyinreadingnovelsthatfascinateherwiththeiralluringlovestories.Shefanciedherselftheheroineofthebook,hopingtofindapoeticloveroutsidethemonastery.Mrs.Farley,Emmahasfantasiesaboutmarriage.Duringahousecall,Dr.bovarymeetsayounggirl,Emma,whomhisbankruptfathertriestomarryofftothedull,dullcountrydoctor.Emma'sinnocenceandbeautymaketheDoctorFallinlovequickly.Thecouplemarriedimmediately.ButlifewasfarfromwhatEmmahadimagined,andshesoonfoundoutthatherhusband,DoctorBovary,whomshemarriedwithpassion,wasnothingbutanunambitiousandemotionallyneedymediocrity.Shecannotfindthefantasyofloveinfamilylife,tosocietyistofind"paris-stylelove."Bychanceshemeetsthelandlord,Rodolfo,wholustsafterEmma'sbeautyandpromiseshersomanyemptypromisesthatheseducesherintobecominghismistress.Rodolfowasplaying,butEmmawasplayingwithallherheart.InordertogetawayfromEmma,hewenttoanotherplace,andonthedayofthepromisedelopement,Rudolf,CrownPrinceofAustriastoodherupandthestrickenEmmafellill.Emma'slovestruckafatalblow.SoonEmmametLeonagainatRouen.TheromanticfantasyofthisyoungmanhaslongbeeninterestedinEmma,Emmaisinemotionaldistressandhehititoff.Theyoftenmetsecretly,andEmmabecamelessandlessinterestedandmorelustful.ThewealthandsavingsofbovaryflowedintothepocketsoftheusurersthroughthehandsofEmma.Slowly,LyonswastiredofEmma'shot,uncontrollableemotions,andhetriedtobreakfreeofthem,andEmmawasplungedoncemoreintotheabyssofpain.Underthepressureofusurer,sheswallowedarsenic,completedtheprocessofself-destruction.

1.2LiteratureReview

SincethepublicationofMadameBovary,theworkhasbeenanalyzedandstudiedbytensofmillionsofresearchers,mostofwhomhavespokenhighlyofGustaveFlaubert'swritingskills.TheMadameBovary,publishedbythe1856,hasbeenstudiedbywesternacademics.DaciaMarainil（1998）considersEmmaacontroversialheroineinmodernliteraturedespitehercharm.InEmma,Maraininotonlyrevealsherdepravityandvanity,butmoreimportantly,heseesthroughthesurfaceofEmma'slustfulpursuitthatthereisalreadyapreliminaryfemaleconsciousnessinEmma'sconsciousness.Withhercourage,pursuit,rebellionandresistance,tryingtochangetheirdestiny.Asaresult,hefeltthatMadameBovaryhadbecomeasymbolofthefeminist.AstudyofthecausesofEmma'slovetragedyinMadameBovary.Forexample,StephenHeath（1992）arguesthatthenovel'sdepictionofEmma'semotionallifeandtragicfatepresentsuswithanunusuallyrealandvividpictureofmid-19th-centuryFrenchsociety.ItisbecauseEmmaisunwillingtobemediocreandseeksromanticloveinhermind,butshefallsintoanunrealisticromanticnet.Asaresult,sheisblindedbythelongingsanddesiresforromanticloveandabetterlifeAndsetheronapathofnoreturn.

Comparedwiththeforeignresearch,thedomesticresearchonthisnovelpaysmoreattentiontothepracticality.ThedomesticstudyofMadameBovarystartedlate.LiJianwu's（1992）translationbecamethemostwidelyread.ThroughtheanalysisofEmma's"CinderellaComplex"fromtheperspectiveofliterarytheory,YuDongyun（2001）'s"CinderellaComplex"in"Cinderella'sglassslipperandvicomte'ssatincigarettecase",explainsEmma'slovetragedy,furtheranalysisofthePatriarchalSocietyinWomen'sCollectiveunconscious,thusrosetoatheoreticalheight.LiuShaozhi's（1994）PanJinlianandMadameBovaryanalyzesthestrikingsimilaritiesbetweenPanJinlianandMadameBovary,twoartisticfiguresbornindifferenttimes,differentcountriesanddifferentculturalbackgrounds.Thusrevealstheyexistinthesocialbackgroundoftherealityoftheproblem.TheabovecomparativeanalysisofEmmaandPanJinlian,fromthedifferentperspectiveofthesimilaritiesbetweenthetwotragicwomen,thusexposingtherealityofsocialcriticism.

Tosumup,thestudyofGustaveFlaubert'snovelsisquiteextensivebothathomeandabroad,butpreviou