支撑剂评价_精品文档.ppt

支撑剂评价_精品文档.ppt

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评价支撑剂的讨论评价支撑剂的讨论ProppantProppantEvaluationEvaluation支撑剂评价的研究支撑剂评价的研究支撑剂评价的研究支撑剂评价的研究PhotomicroscopicPhotomicroscopicpicturepicture显微照片显微照片显微照片显微照片PhysicalPropertiesPhysicalProperties物理特性物理特性物理特性物理特性BulkDensityBulkDensity体积密度体积密度体积密度体积密度SizeDistributionSizeDistribution粒度分布粒度分布粒度分布粒度分布CrushCrush压碎压碎压碎压碎ShortTermShortTermvsvsLongTermConductivityLongTermConductivity短期导流能力短期导流能力短期导流能力短期导流能力vsvs长期导流能力长期导流能力长期导流能力长期导流能力StressCyclingStressCycling应力循环加载应力循环加载应力循环加载应力循环加载TheshapeofTheshapeofproppantproppantImpactontheImpactonthenumbernumber支撑剂形状支撑剂形状APIRP60,FromStratigraphyandSedimentaion,KrumbeinandSloss多数陶粒多数陶粒多数砂多数砂一些劣质陶粒一些劣质陶粒系数比较系数比较StimLabPredK6.57,Feb2002,煤层气井,1000psi应力,100F,50%冻胶伤害率改善58%改善33%CrushedParticleCrushedParticleSizeDistributionSizeDistributionNotJust%CrushNotJust%CrushImpactontheImpactonthenumbernumberAPIRP60CrushTestProceduresAPIRP60CrushTestProceduresSievematerialwithinspecifiedrange（e.g.Sievematerialwithinspecifiedrange（e.g.20/+40）.20/+40）.Fillcrushcelltoaconcentrationof1.22ccperFillcrushcelltoaconcentrationof1.22ccpersq.cmofsq.cmofproppantproppant.ThecellloadshouldbeappliedatauniformThecellloadshouldbeappliedatauniformloadingratetaking1minutetoreachdesiredloadingratetaking1minutetoreachdesiredstresslevel.Holdfortwominutesandreleasestresslevel.Holdfortwominutesandreleasepressure.pressure.Sievematerialasabove.CrushedmaterialisSievematerialasabove.Crushedmaterialiscalculatedcalculatedaspercentweightofaspercentweightofproppantproppantsmallerthanthespecifiedrange,e.g.40meshsmallerthanthespecifiedrange,e.g.40mesh.40/+70Mesh20/40LanzhouSandAPICrushTest6kpsiPhotomicrographs-55XWholePellet70/+100Mesh100/+200MeshResinCoatedSandResinCoatedSand20XPhotomicrographs20XPhotomicrographs4000psi8000psi10000psiIntermediateStrengthIntermediateStrengthProppantsProppants20XPhotomicrographs20XPhotomicrographs4000psi8000psi10000psiPhotomicroscopicPhotomicroscopicPicture-1Picture-1NotSolidNotSolidbutwithSomeVoidsbutwithSomeVoidsPhotomicroscopicPhotomicroscopicPicture-2Picture-2PoorPoorSphericitySphericity&Roundness&RoundnessPhotomicroscopicPhotomicroscopicPicture-3Picture-3CrystallizationCrystallizationWasnotwellDevelopedWasnotwellDevelopedPhotomicroscopicPhotomicroscopicPicture-4Picture-4CrystallizationCrystallizationWaswellDevelopedWaswellDevelopedShortTermandLongTermConductivityTestIncreasestressto2,000Increasestressto2,000psipsiandholdfor15minutes.andholdfor15minutes.MeasureMeasurepat2,4and6ml/minoffluidflow.pat2,4and6ml/minoffluidflow.MeasureMeasurefracfracwidthandtemperature.widthandtemperature.Increasestressanadditional2,000Increasestressanadditional2,000psipsiandallowtoandallowtostabilizefor15minutes.stabilizefor15minutes.MeasureMeasurepat2,4and6ml/minoffluidflow,pat2,4and6ml/minoffluidflow,fracfracwidthwidthandtemperature.andtemperature.Repeatlasttwostepsto12,000Repeatlasttwostepsto12,000psipsi.ShortTermShortTermConductivityTestProcedureConductivityTestProcedureCARBOCARBOPROPPROPShortTermShortTermConductivityvs.ClosureStressConductivityvs.ClosureStress（2#/sqft,roomtemperature）（2#/sqft,roomtemperature）LongTermLongTermConductivityTestProcedureConductivityTestProcedureIncreasestressto2,000Increasestressto2,000psipsi.Flowfluidatratesof3,4and6ml/min.Flowfluidatratesof3,4and6ml/min.MeasureMeasurepp30minutesaftereachstepchangeinflowrate.30minutesaftereachstepchangeinflowrate.MeasureMeasurefracfracwidthandtemperature.Maintainstresswidthandtemperature.Maintainstressfor50hr.for50hr.Increasestressin2,000Increasestressin2,000psipsiincrementsforincrementsfor50hours50hourseacheach.ContinuemeasuringContinuemeasuringpat3,4and6ml/minoffluidpat3,4and6ml/minoffluidflow,flow,fracfracwidthandtemperatureuntil12,000widthandtemperatureuntil12,000psipsistressisreached.stressisreached.CARBOCARBOPROPPROPLongTermLongTermConductivityvs.ClosureStressConductivityvs.ClosureStress（2#/sqft,250F）（2#/sqft,250F）CARBOCARBOPROPPROPLongTermLongTermConductivityvs.ClosureStressConductivityvs.ClosureStress（2#/sqft,250F）（2#/sqft,250F）20/4020/40ProppantProppantLongTermConductivityLongTermConductivityStressCyclingConductivityTestStressCyclingStressCyclingOperatingConditionsResultinCyclingOperatingConditionsResultinCyclingofEffectiveStressofEffectiveStressShuttingInandOpeningWellShuttingInandOpeningWellPressureChangesintheWellPressureChangesintheWellEffectsMeasuredinConductivityCellEffectsMeasuredinConductivityCellCyclingReducesFractureWidthandPermCyclingReduc