亚马逊热带雨林-生物多样性及其重要性_精品文档.ppt

亚马逊热带雨林-生物多样性及其重要性_精品文档.ppt

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AmazonRainforest亚马逊雨林生物多样性及对于地球的重要性biodiversityandglobalimportanceTheAmazonRiverLifeforceoftheAmazonrainforestBeginsasatrickleintheAndesmountainsandflowsmorethan6400kmandenterstheAtlanticOceanatBelem,Brazilwhereitis480kmwide.Itisstill11.2kmwide1600kminland.ItisdeepenoughforOceanLinerstotravelover4000kminland.TheAmazonRiverTheAmazonRiverTheAmazonRiverTherearethousandsofkilometersofnavigablewatersthroughouttheAmazonanditstributaries.CarriesmassivequantitiesofsiltwhichtravelsasrunofffromtheforestfloorSiltisdepositedatthemouthoftheAmazoncreatingthelargestriverislandintheworldMarajoIsland（samesizeasSwitzerland）TheAmazonRiverTheAmazonRiverTheAmazonRiverMorethan2,000speciesoffishexistintheAmazonRiver,whichismorethanwhatexistsintheAtlanticOcean.TheAmazonRiverThe“LungsofourPlanet”AmazonRainforestEncompassesareasinBrazil,Venezuela,Colombia,EcuadorandPeru,Suriname,Guyana,Bolivia,andFrenchGuinea.The“LungsofourPlanet”The“LungsofourPlanet”IftheAmazonwasacountryitwouldbethe9thlargestcountryontheplanet（1.2billionacresor48millionfootballfields）.Itrepresents54%ofallrainforestsontheearth.20%ofalloxygenisprovidedhere.The“LungsofourPlanet”The“LungsofourPlanet”Letsimagineafootballfield.BiodiversityintheAmazon1footballfield（1acre）cancontain900tons（1,800,000lbs）oflivingplants,includingmorethan750speciesoftreesand1500otherspeciesofplants.Therearelessthan750speciesoftreesinallNorthAmerica.OnetreeinPeruwasfoundtohave43differentspeciesofantsatotalthatequalsthenumberofantspeciesoftheU.K.BiodiversityBiodiversityScientistshaveabetterunderstandingofthenumberofstarsthantheyhaveofthenumberofspeciesthereareonEarth.Estimatesvaryfrom2-100millionspecieswiththebestestimateof10million.1.4millionhavebeennamed.1/5ofallbirdsarefoundintheAmazon.BiodiversityLessthan1%ofplantspecieshavebeenstudiedforpossibleuses.121prescriptiondrugscurrentlysoldworldwidecomefromplantsources.U.S.NationalCancerCenterhaveidentified3000plantsthatareactiveagainstcancercells.70%arefoundintheRainforest,and25%areONLYfoundintheRainforest.BiodiversityWatchpartofPlanetEarths“Jungles”Listsomeexamplesofuniquefauna（animal）diversity.Listsomeexamplesofuniqueflora（plant）diversity.TimeLapsephotographyshowsplantgrowthinan“open”area.WhyistheRainforestsoproductive?

FoodAtleast3000fruitsarefoundintherainforests;oftheseonly200arenowinuseintheWesternWorld.TheIndiansoftherainforestuseover2,000.Food80%ofthedevelopedworldsdietoriginatedinthetropicalrainforestavocados,coconuts,figs,oranges,lemons,avocados,coconuts,figs,oranges,lemons,grapefruit,bananas,guavas,pineapples,grapefruit,bananas,guavas,pineapples,mangosandtomatoes;vegetablesincludingmangosandtomatoes;vegetablesincludingcorn,potatoes,rice,wintersquashandyams;corn,potatoes,rice,wintersquashandyams;spiceslikeblackpepper,cayenne,chocolate,spiceslikeblackpepper,cayenne,chocolate,cinnamon,cloves,ginger,sugarcane,cinnamon,cloves,ginger,sugarcane,tumeric,coffeeandvanillaandnutsincludingtumeric,coffeeandvanillaandnutsincludingBrazilnutsandcashews.Brazilnutsandcashews.IndigenousPeopleTherewereanestimatedtenmillionIndianslivingintheAmazonianRainforestfivecenturiesago.Todaytherearelessthan200,000.InBrazilalone,Europeancolonistshavedestroyedmorethan90indigenoustribessincethe1900s.Withthemhavegonecenturiesofaccumulatedknowledgeofthemedicinalvalueofrainforestspecies.RainforestLoss1-11/2acresofrainforestarelosteverysecond.Thats1footballfield/s（1800/hr,43,200/day）.Someestimatessaythatwearelosing137plant,animalandinsectspecieseverysingledayduetorainforestdeforestation.Thatequatesto50,000speciesayear.RainforestLossMassivedeforestationcauses;-airandwaterpollution-soilerosion-releaseofcarbondioxide-lossofindigenouscultures-lossofbiodiversityandspeciesSomeestimatesarethat1.5footballSomeestimatesarethat1.5footballfields（1.5acres）ofRainforestarefields（1.5acres）ofRainforestarelosteverysecond.losteverysecond.Ittakesroughly10secondstoreciteIttakesroughly10secondstoreciteyourABCs.ThisishowmuchofyourABCs.ThisishowmuchoftheAmazonwascutinthattime.theAmazonwascutinthattime.Wetake10minutesonaverageeverydaygoingtothewashroom.Thisistheeffectof10minutesintheAmazonThisistheeffectof10minutesintheAmazon