西湖博物馆详解.docx
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西湖博物馆详解
中文翻译成英文
西湖博物馆
WestLakeMuseum
2005年开放的杭州西湖博物馆是中国第一座湖泊类专题博物馆。
以推广西湖文化、宣传西湖普世价值为己任,致力于承担和尽力实现博物馆的社会教育职能,传播西湖文化等方面发挥了积极作用。
2009年西湖博物馆进行了内部调整,调整后的西湖博物馆展陈全面展示西湖作为人类文化景观遗产的完整性和真实性,以丰富的史料和实物印证了西湖的普世价值。
在西湖申报世界文化遗产过程中,西湖博物馆接待了世界古迹遗址理事会世界遗产中心专家对西湖申报世界文化景观遗产进行的实地考评验收,成为世遗专家和学者了解和认识西湖的重要一站,得到世遗专家的充分肯定。
2011年6月,西湖申遗取得成功,西湖博物馆为西湖成功获得世界文化景观遗产做出了重要贡献。
HangzhouWestLakeMuseumwhichwasopenedin2005isthefirsttopicmuseumoflakekindinChina.WithamissiontopopularizeGuangxilakecultureandadvertisetheuniversalvalueofWestLake,ithasplayedapositiveroleinundertakingandachievingsocialeducationofmuseum,andspreadingWestLakeculture,etc.In2009,theWestLakeMuseummadesomeinternaladjustments.Afteradjustment,itcomprehensivelyexhibitstheintegrityandtruthofWestLakeashumanculturallandscapeinheritance ,anditverifiestheuniversalvalueofWestLakewithabundanthistoricaldataandsubstance.DuringWestLakedeclaringtheworldculturallandscapeinheritance ,WestLakeMuseumreceivedtheexpertsfromWorldHeritageCenter,ICOMOS,whomadefieldevaluationandacceptanceonWestLake’sapplicationforworldculturallandscapeheritage.ItbecomesanimportantstationtounderstandandknowWestLakeforworldheritageexpertsandscholarswhofullyaffirmeditscontributions.InJune,2011,WestLakesucceededinapplicationforworldheritage,towhichWestLakeMuseumhadmadegreatcontributions.
诗情画意——西湖题名景观
Poetic,theLandscapeinscriptionsofWestLake
自然的造化与历代人工治理营造的完美结合,孕育了西湖清新秀美、
内蕴深厚的独特景观,而其中最具魅力和影响力的景观,无疑当属西湖景观的精华——“西湖十景”。
西湖十景始于13世纪上半叶,是由南宋皇家画院的画家在创作西湖画作及其题名的活动中逐渐产生的,后经元明传承、清代皇家钦定而最终确立,并沿袭至今。
ItisaperfectcombinationofnaturalmagicandartificialgovernanceofpastagestobreedfreshandelegantuniquenessofWestLakelandscapewithprofoundimplication.AndthemostcharmingandinfluentialscenerywillsurelybetheessenceofWestLakelandscape,tenscenesinWestLake.TenscenesinWestLakedatesfromthefirsthalfofthe13thcentury,whichgraduallyemergedineventswhenpaintersfromroyalpaintingacademyintheSouthernSongDynastycreatedWestLakepaintingsandinscriptions.Later,afterinheritanceofYuanandMingdynasty,andtheaffirmationbyimperialorderinQingdynasty,itwasultimatelyset,wheretheyremaintoday.
苏堤春晓(一株杨柳一株桃,夹镜双湖绿映袍)
SpringDawnatSuCauseway(willowandpeachoneafteranotheringoodorder,andthetwinlakesaresobrightandgreenthatcanmirroryourgown)
苏堤贯穿湖面,漫步其上,六桥起伏,湖山胜景如画图般展开,是观赏西湖山光水色的最佳地带。
春季,堤上垂柳初绿、桃花盛开,绿柳如烟、红桃如雾,洋溢着春机盎然的活泼景象。
为南宋“西湖十景”之首。
SuCausewayrunsthroughthelake,andwhenyouramble,thesixbridgeswillseemtofluctuateinwater,asifwonderfulsceneryoflakeandmountainisunfoldingasapicture.HereisthebestplacetoenjoythebeautyofmountainsandlakesforWestLake.Inspring,theweepingwillowturnsgreenovercauseway,thepeachblossoms,greenwillowslooklikesmokeandredpeachlikefog,allwhicharealivewithlivelyscenesofvibrantspring.Itisthefirstof"TenViewsoftheWestLake"inthesouthernSongdynasty.
曲院风荷(接天莲叶无穷碧,映日荷花别样红)
LotusintheBreezeatCrookedCourtyard(Theemeraldlotusleavesreachasfaraswherewaterandskiesmeet,andlotusblossomsbathinginsunshineexhibitadistinctivedazzlingpink)
古时曲院多荷,夏日湖面水波不兴,绿盖红衣。
荷香随轻风飘送,令人备感神清气爽。
荷花“出淤泥而不染”,在中国传统文化中寓意“品格高尚”,故为该景注入了审美和人格追求的双重意蕴。
Inancienttimes,manycrookedcourtyardsoftengrewlotuses.Theyseemlikeingreenveilandredclotheswhenthelakewasstillinsummer.Thescentoflotusflowerswaftsalongwiththebreeze,andmakespeoplerefreshed.Aslotusflowersliveinthe silt but notimbrued,theyimplymeaningof“high-mindedcharacter”inChinesetraditionalculture.Sotheyinfusedoubleimplicationsofaestheticsandpursuitofpersonalitytosuchscenery.
平湖秋月(万顷湖平长似镜,四时月好最宜秋)
AutumnMoonovertheCalmLake(theboundlessexpanseoflakeiscalmandclear,justasabrightmirror,andthemooninautumnisthemostbeautiful)
秋夜,湖边高阁凌波,倚窗俯水,视野开阔,但见皓月当空,银波万顷,
金风送爽,水月相融。
置身其间,恍若身处月宫之上。
古代文人雅士视秋季平静清澄之湖水和洁净无暇之夜月为人格高洁的象征,故喜于秋夜在此玩月饮酒,赋曲作诗。
Inautumnnight,withtowersandrushingwavesinlake,ifyouleanonwindowandoverlookwater,youwillhaveawidenhorizon.Thebrightmoonisshininginthesky,withboundlessglitteringwave,coolbreeze,andthewaterandmoonintegrates.Standinginsuchscenerywillmakeyoufeelstayinpalaceofthemoon.Theancientscholarsregardedthepeace,clearlakeandclean,flawlessnightmoonasthesymbolofvirtuouspersonality,sotheyenjoyedappreciatingmoonanddrinkingwhileplayingtuneandwrotepoemsathere.
断桥残雪(独有断桥荒藓路,尚余残雪酿春寒)
MeltingSnowatBrokenBridge(onlyisthebrokenbridgefullofmottledmossbrewingacoldspringbymeltingsnow)
西湖景观的欣赏以“雪湖”最美,而断桥又是观赏西湖雪景的最佳之处。
每当瑞雪初晴,举目四望,但见冻湖如墨,周围孤山、葛岭一带铺琼砌玉,晶莹朗澈,呈现黑白分明,动人心魄的景象;登宝石山往南俯瞰,白堤皑皑如银链横陈,断桥向阳桥面积雪融化露出褐色的桥面一痕,仿佛长长的白链到此中断,呈“雪残桥断”之景。
ThebestsceneatWestLakeis“snowlake”,andbrokenbridgeisthemostwonderfulplacetoenjoysnow.Wheneveritissunnyafterauspicioussnow,lookingaround,youwillseethefrozenlakeasdarkblueink,lonelymountainandGelingareasurroundedarepavingwithglitteringandtranslucentjade,whichpresentsabreathtakingpictureofsharplycontrastedblackandwhite;climbupBaoshiMountainandoverlooksouthward,thewhitecausewayispurewhite,justlikeasilverchainlying,againstthebridgedeckexposedtothesunemergeswithabrownmarkofdeckduringsnowmelting,asiflongwhitechainbrokeoffhere.Soitiswellknownfor“meltingsnowatbrokenbridge”.
花港观鱼(花家山下流花港,花著鱼身鱼嘬花)
ViewingFishatflowerharbor(flowerharborisflowingatthefootofHuajiaMountain,andfishescompetetobitepetalswhiletheyareflyingintowater)
湖畔园内,叠石为山,凿地为池。
春日,桃花落瓣,引得池中锦鲤争相嘬花,别有意趣。
古时为追求闲逸疏放的文人雅士萃集、争相题咏之所。
Inlakesidepark,thestoneslayingmakesrockerywhiledrillinggroundmakespond.Inspring,theflyingpetalsofpeachblossomsattractKoifishestocompetetobitetheminpond,interestingandcharming.Inoldtimes,itisaresortforrefinedscholarswhopursuedleisureandopennesstogatherandwritepoems.
柳浪闻莺(翠浪翻空画不成,赤阑干外听新莺)
Oriolessinginginthewillows(emeraldgreenwaverollingishardtodraw,andyoucanheartheoriolessingingoutsideredrail)
西湖边清波门附近,历来绿柳成行,低垂的柳丝在清风中摇扬,如翠浪在空中翻滚;柳林中莺鸟鸣啼,生机盎然。
故亦为旧时文人墨客品赏风景、吟诗作画之佳处。
NearQingbomenatWestLake,italwayshasgreenwillowsinrows.Droopywillowbranchesarewaveringincoolbreeze,asemeraldgreenwaveisrollingintheair;theoriolesinginginthewillows,overflowingwithvigor.Soinoldtimes,itisaplaceforwritersandscholarstoenjoysights,chantpoetryandpaintpictures.
南宋时期,清波门外有孝宗皇帝濒水所建的御苑“聚景园”,园内垂柳成行,得名“柳浪闻莺”。
清代因康熙帝巡游西湖而复兴。
现仍保存着清代以来形成的基本面貌。
InsouthernSongDynasty,Xiaozongemperorbuiltimperialgarden,Jujinggarden,besidewateroutsideQingbomen.Ingarden,thewillowsinneatrows,soitbecomeswellknownfor“oriolessinginginthewillows”.ItrevivedwhenKangxiemperorinQingdynastyparadedWestLake.NowitremainsthebasicfeaturesinQingdynasty.
三潭印月(半夜冰轮初出海,一湖金水欲熔秋)
Threepoolsmirroringthemoon(theboatjustsailsinmidnight,andthegoldenwaterislikemeltingthewholeautumn)
每当月夜,“三潭”点烛,天月、水月、塔月与人心中之月交融辉映,激发和寄托了“千里共婵娟”的思念之情。
OnthenightoftheAutumnMoonFestival,lightcandlesat“threepools”,themooninsky,water,towerandonlookers’heartblendeachother,inspiratingandplacinghopesofmissingsentimentof“Thoughfarapart,wearestillabletosharethebeautyofthemoontogether”.
明万历间浚湖堆土而成,呈“湖中有岛,岛中有湖”的“田”字形格局,为江南水上园林的经典。
全岛以亭台楼阁配以传统花木构成色彩绚丽的景致,与岛内外水光云天相映,象征了中国古代神话中的蓬莱仙岛。
DuringWanliperiodofMingdynasty,thelakewasmadebysoilheap,withpatternofChinese“Tian”letter,“an islet withinthelakes within the islet”,whichisafeatureforwaterlandscapeinJiangnanarea.The pavilions,terracesandtowersonwholeislandmatchwithtraditionalflowersandtreestoformacolorfulscene,whichcontrastwithwater,cloudandskyoutsideisland,symbolizingthePenglaiislandofimmortalsinancientChinesemythology.
双峰插云(一苇清光万顷波,两峰凝黛独嵯峨)
TwinpeakspiercingClouds(thereisaboatonboundlessexpanseoflake,andtwopeaksseeminglikeblackpigmentareverytowering)
西湖南北高峰在唐宋时各有塔一座,在春、秋晴朗之日远望两峰,可见遥相对峙的双塔巍然耸立,气势非凡。
每当云雾弥漫,塔尖于云中时隐时显,恍若云天佛国。
TherewasapagodaonthesouthandnorthpeakinTangandSongdynasties.Lookingoutatthetwinpeaksonasunnydayinspringandautunm,youcanseethetwinpagodasstandingtallandfacingeachother,extremlyextraordinary.Whenevercouldandmistdiffuses,thespirewillbeintermittentlyvisibleincloud,asiftheacloudyskyandlandofbuddha.
此景原名“两峰插云”。
清康熙帝南巡时,易“两”为“双”,御题“双峰插云”,并在洪春桥旁建观景亭和御碑亭。
后塔毁,该景目因南、北高峰而依旧保留。
Itsoriginalnameofsuchsceneis“TwopeakspiercingClouds”.WhenQingKangxiemperiortouredinsouthernChina,hechanged“two”to“twin”,madeinscriptionof“Twinpeakspiercingclouds”,andbuiltlookoutpavilionandpavilionofimperialtabletbesideHongchunBridge.Later,thepagodasweredamaged,butsuchscenicspotremainsowingtothesouthandnorthpeaks.
雷峰夕照(湖上画船归欲尽,孤峰犹带夕阳红)
SunsetglowatLeifengpagoda(thereturningbargealmostdisappearsinlake,butthedistantpeakisstillcoveredwithsunsetglow.)
每当夕阳西坠,彩霞映天,景象瑰丽,雷峰塔在霞光照耀下,如横空出世,愈显雄伟深沉,震人心魄。
此刻,若联想到该塔因著名民间故事《白蛇传》而成为坚贞不移的爱情象征,则眼前之壮美景象又会平添一分浪漫的气息。
Wheneversunsetfallsintheevening,therosyclouddyestheskyred,andthesightsismagnificent.Intheraysofevengingsunlight,Leifengpagodaemergesacrossthehorizon,becomingmoremajestic,deepandamazing.Atthismoment,ifyouthinkthatLeifengpagodaisthesymboloffaithfullove,whichiswellknownforthefamousfolktales,LegendoftheWhiteSnake,andthemagnificentscenebeforeeyeswilladdalittle