高考英语之定语从句.docx
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高考英语之定语从句
十四定语从句
I、重点难点解析
定语从句是英语语法中的重点。
除了在语法填空中会考到，在基础写作和任务型写作中正确恰当地运用定语从句是作文得高分的关键。
另外，在阅读理解中正确理解定语从句也至关重要。
常见考点：
1.指物时只用that或which的情况
2.介词+关系代词
3.Whose用法及转换形式
4.as与which的区别
5.指人时that与who的区别
6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词
7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句，在句中起定语的作用.
被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。
引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词。
如：
Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.
先行词关系代词定语从句
二、关系代词和关系副词的用法：
关系代词和关系副词又称关系词，用来引导定语从句、代替先行词并在从句中担当一个成分。
其用法见下表：
定语从句的关系词
词例
先行词
充当成分
例句
关系代词
who
人
主语
Thisisthedoctorwhosavedmylife.
whom
人
宾语
Sheisthenewstudent（whom）Iwanttotelltoyou.
that
人&物
主语、宾语
（指人相当于who或whom，指物相当于which）
which
物
主语、宾语
1.Pleasepassmethebookwhichislyingonthetable.2.Thenovel（which）Tomboughtisveryinteresting.
as
物
主语、宾语
Theearth,asisknowntoall,isround.
whose=ofwhom\ofwhich
人&物
定语
TheprofessorwhosedaughterteachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams
关系副词
when=at\in\on\duringwhich
时间
状语
We’llneverforgetthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
where=at\in\towhich
地点
状语
Thisisthehousewherehelived.
why=forwhich
原因
状语
Iknowthereasonwhysheworkssowell.
三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
从句与先行词的关系
从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。
从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整
标点
从句和主句之间不用逗号分开
从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开
关系
代词
指人who（that）whom
指人who（作主语）whom（做宾语）
指物which（that）
指物which
人和物的whose
人和物的whose
关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去
关系代词一般不可省
修饰
从句只修饰一个名词或代词
可以修饰一个词也可修饰整个主句
翻译
定语从句译在被修饰词的前面
定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子
四、关系词的选用
1只能用that做关系代词的情况：
只能用that做关系代词的情况
例句
1
当先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none,one等不定代词时（something除外）
PayattentiontoeverythingthatIdo.
2
当先行词被All,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时
Hehaslittletimethathecanspare.
3
当先行词被序高考资源网数词或形容词最高级修饰时
Thisisthebestnovel（that）haveread.
4
如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时
Theyweretalkingaboutthepersonandthingsthattheyrememberedinschool.
5
当先行词被theonly,thelast,theway,thesame等等修饰时
ThisisthelasttimethatIIwanttoseeyou.
6
.在疑问词who,which,what开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用that
Whichofthestudentsthatknowssomethingabouthistory.
7
当定语从句为therebe句型时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略
Thisisthefastesttrain（that）thereistoBeijing.
8
当指人或物的关系代词在定语从句中做表语时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略
Chinaisnotthecountry（that）itwas.
2指物只能用which不用that的情况:
只能用which不用that的情况:
例句
1
在非限制性定语从句中
StPetersburg,whichwasoncecalledLeningrad,isaverybeautifulcity.
2
在介词后面
Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.
3指人时只能用who不用that的情况:
只能用who不用that的情况
例句
1
先行词为one,ones，those，anyone，he时
Thosewhobreakthelawmustbepunished.
4as与which
as与which均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as:
多用as的情况:
例句
1
与such或thesame连用时，一般用as
Suchbooksasyoureadareinteresting
Suchmoneyasheearnedwasspentonbooks.
2
as引导的从句可以放在句首,as表“正如…..正象…”之意
Asweallknow,theearthisround.
1．（2004全国卷3）Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.
A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich
2.（2004北京卷）GeorgeOrwell,______wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.
A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname
3．（2004湖北卷）TherewastimeIhatedtogotoschool.
A．a;thatB．a;whenC．the;thatD．the;when
4．（2004湖北卷）Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit.
A．thewayB．inthewaythatC．inthewayD．thewaywhich
5.（2004湖南卷）Iworkinabusiness_________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.
A.howB.whichC.whereD.that
6.（2004江苏卷）________isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.
A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As
7．（2004辽宁卷）Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%aresoldabroad.
A．ofwhichB．whichofC．ofthemD．ofthat
8.（2004全国卷1）TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.
A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
9.（2004全国卷1）Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_______Idisagree.
A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how
10.（2004全国卷2）Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.
A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that
11.（2004上海卷）Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_____theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom
12.（2004上海卷）Jasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark_____shewasbittenonthelegbyallion.
A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.once
13.（2004天津卷）Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which
14.（2004天津卷）Amoderncityhasbeensetupinwasawastelandtenyearsago.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
15.（2004浙江卷）Anyway,thatevening,____I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which
16.（2004重庆卷）Youcaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurantyoulike.
A.wheneverB.whereverC.whateverD.however
17.（2005浙江）Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.
A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it
18.（2005江苏）theplace_____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe______thecross-river
trafficistheheaviest.
A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich
19.（2005江西）Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs
____theyarebeingtrained.
A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich
20.（2005湖南）Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop_____toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.how
21.（2005湖北）Hersisterhasbecomealayer,______shewantedtobe.
A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which
22.（2005安徽）Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger_____itwas20yearsago,_____itwassopoorlyequipped.
A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that
23.（2005山东）Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellfor______hethoughtwasnotenough.
A.whereB.howC.whatD.which
24.（2005辽宁）Iwalkedinourgarden,______TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that
25.（2006江苏卷）Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,______meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.
A.whoB.thatC.asD.which
26.（2006福建卷）Lookout!
Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.
A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.what
27.（2006湖南）Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous.________wegavesomebellsandglasses.
A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich
28.（2006重庆卷）Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas，shehadrunbackinthedirection ________ shehadcome.
A.ofwhich B.bywhichC.inwhich D.fromwhich.
29.（2006江西卷）——Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?
——Yes，there’sonepoint________wemustinsiston
A．whyB．whereC．howD．/
30.（2006北京卷）Women_______drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose________don’t.
A.who;不填B.不填;whoC.who;whoD.不填表;不填
31.（2006山东卷）We’rejusttryingtoteachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.
A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which
32.（2006陕西卷）SheaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,________Shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.
A.afterwhichB.fromwhichC.fromthatD.afterthat
33.（2006浙江卷）Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_______Ireallyenjoyed.
A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which
34.（2006辽宁卷）Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentsChineseintheschool,mostwerefromGermany.
A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom
35.（2006天津卷）TheBeatles,manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.A.whatB.thatC.howD.as
36.（2006上海春招）Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcentre,_______isalwaysbusyattheweekend.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.which
37.[2007上海卷]Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,______wasbeyondhiswildestdream.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
38.[2007山东卷]—Wheredidyougettoknowher?
—Itwasonthefarm_________weworked.
A．thatB．thereC．whichD．where
39.[2007安徽卷]Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_______wantedtobuyit.
A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom
40.[2007北京卷]Weshouldn’tspentourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof_____arehealthy
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom
41.[2007湖南卷]Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,___________canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.
A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that
42.[2007江苏卷]Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,______hewentontoBeijingUniversity.
A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat
43.[2007江西卷]Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareersheneededtodecidewhattodo.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where
44.[2007全国卷I]Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,_______theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where
45.[2007陕西卷]Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcasesbeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.A.whichB.asC.whyD.where
46.[2007上海春]Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewaskepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad．A．thatB．allthatC．allwhatD．which
47.[2007四川卷]Itisreportedthattwoschools，_______arebeingbuiltinmyhometown，willopennextyear.
A．theybothB．whichbothC．bothofthemD．bothofwhich
48.[200
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