9动词时态.docx
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9动词时态
动词时态
考点1:
一般现在时:
(1)句型结构
Youareagoodworker..
→Youarenotagoodworker.(否定句,在is,am,are后加not)
→Areyouagoodworker?
(一般疑问句,把is,am,are提句首)
→Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.(回答)
Heusuallygoestoschoolatseven.
→Heusuallydoesn’tgotoschoolatseven.(否定句,第三人称单数在动词前+doesn’t;其他人称+don’t)
→Doesheusuallygotoschoolatseven?
(一般疑问句,第三人称单数在句首+Does;其他人称+Do)
→Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.(回答)
(2)用法:
①.表动作经常发生或存在状态。
Weusuallyhavesportsafterschoolintheafternoon.
②.表事实或客观真理。
Twoandtwoisfour.Thelighttravelsfasterthanthesound.
(3)常见的时间标志词。
always,usually,often,howoften,sometimes,everyday,onceaweek,seldom等。
(4)难点:
①.在时间或条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。
这方面的标志词有until,assoonas,when,,before,after;if,unless等。
(具体用法请参照连词部分的考点2之(3)“主将从现的用法”。
)
②.表客观真理时,在宾语从句中,不管主句为何时态,从句用一般现在时。
Hesaidthattwoandthreeisfive.Theteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun.
考点2:
一般过去时
(1)句型结构
LinTaowasinthelibraryamomentago.
→LinTaowasn’tinthelibraryamomentago.(否定句,在was,were后加not)
→WasLinTaointhelibraryamomentago?
(一般疑问句,把was,were提句首)
→Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.(回答)
WewenttotheparklastSunday.
→Wedidn’tgototheparklastSunday.(否定句,在实义动词前+didn’t)
→DidyougototheparklastSunday?
(一般疑问句,在句首+Did)
→Yes,wedid./No,wedidn’t.(回答)
(2)用法:
表过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。
IhadagoodtimeinHainanlastmonth.
(3)常见的时间标志词:
yesterday,twodaysago,lastweek,in1980,justnow,theotherday等具体的表达过去的时间。
考点3:
一般将来时。
(1)句型结构:
will/shall(第一人称)+动词原形/begoingto+动词原形。
TheywillflytoLondontomorrow.
→Theywon’tflytoLondontomorrow.(否定句,在will,shall后+not)
→WilltheyflytoLondontomorrow?
(一般疑问句,把will,shall提句首)
→Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t.(回答)
Heisgoingtovisitmenextweek.
→Heisn’tgoingtovisitmenextweek.(否定句,在be后+not)
→Ishegoingtovisitmenextweek?
(一般疑问句,把be提句首)
→Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.
(2)用法:
表将要发生的动作或状态。
Looktheblackclouds.Itisgoingtorain.
(3)常见的时间标志词:
tomorrow,infivedays,nextweek,thisevening,soon,fromnowon,inthefuture等。
(4)表示往来运动的某些短暂性动词,可用现在进行时表示将来时。
这类动词有:
arrive,come,go,leave,fly,move等,常与将来时间连用。
Theyarearrivingatthisvillageinfivehours.5小时后他们将到达这个村子。
Heiscomingtoseemenextweek.他下星期将要来看我。
Wearegoingonafieldtriptomorrow.我们明天将去郊游。
Weareleaving/flyingforLondon.我们将要离开(飞)去伦敦。
考点4:
现在进行时
(1)句型结构:
is/am/are+doing
Menarefightingagainstpollutionallthetime.
→Menaren’tfightingagainstpollutionallthetime.(否定句,在is,am,are后+not)
→Aremenfightingagainstpollutionallthetime?
(一般疑问句,将is,am,are提到句首)
→Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.(回答)
(2)用法:
1)表示说话时动作正在进行。
Wearewaitingforthebusnow.
2)表示现阶段进行的动作,但说话时动作不一定正在进行,句中常有thesedays。
Theyarebuildingabridgethesedays.
(3)常见的时间标志词:
now,atthepresent,…look…listen…allthetime,atthemoment,bequiet等
考点5:
过去进行时
(1)句型结构:
was/were+doing
Itwassnowingatthistimeyesterday.
→Itwasn’tsnowingatthistimeyesterday.(否定句,在was,were后+not)
→Wasitsnowingatthistimeyesterday?
(一般疑问句,将was,were提到句首)
→Yes,itwas./No,itwasn’t.(回答)
(2)用法:
1).表示过去的某个时间动作正在进行。
Wewereplayingcardsatthattime.
2).表示过去某个动作发生时,另一个动作正在发生。
WhenIcamein,myfatherwaswatchingTV.
(3)常见的时间标志词:
then,atthattime,atthistimeyesterday,when,while等
考点6:
现在完成时
(1)句型结构:
have/has+done
Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.
→Hehasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.(否定句,在has,have后+not)
→Hashefinishedhishomeworkyet?
(一般疑问句,将has,have提到句首)
→Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.(回答)
(2)用法:
1).过去发生的动作对现在造成影响。
Ihaveclosedthedoor.(门现在是关的)
2).过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,常与一段时间连用。
Wehavelivedherefortwoyears.(过去住到现在)
(3)常见的标志词:
already,yet,ever,never,just,before,inthepast(last)fewdays,sofar,twice,recently,for+时间段,since+时间点等等
(4)难点
①现在完成时可和疑问词where,why,how连用,但不能和when连用.故现在完成时
对时间的提问不用when,只用howlong。
Wherehaveyoubeen?
Whenhaveyoucomeback?
(×)
HehasbeeninChinafor4years.(提问)Howlong()hashebeeninChina?
不能与时间段连用
②havebeento(去了某地又回来)
havegoneto(去了没回来)
havebeenin(去了并在那里呆下去),可以与时间段连用
IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.
–WhereisTom?
–HehasgonetoHK.
Lucyhasbeeninthisschoolfortwoyears.
③短暂性动词和持续性动词的现在完成时
A.若后面没有时间状语“for+时间段,since+时间点”时,短暂性和持续性动词都可用于现在完成时。
Ihavebought(短暂)anewcomputer.()
Hehasalreadylived(持续)inthesmallvillage.()
B.若后面有时间状语“for+时间段,since+时间点”时,要用持续性动词或短暂性动词的否定。
如:
Theyhavestayed(持续)inthevillagefor10years.
Ihavetaught(持续)Englishatthisschoolsince5yearsago.
Youhaven’treceived(短暂)herletterfor2weeks.
Wehaven’tleft(短暂)Chinasince20yearsago.
C.短暂性动词的肯定不能与“for+时间段,since+时间点”连用,若要和他们连用则要将短暂性动词变为相对应的动词。
如:
Ihavecomeherefor3years.(×)→Ihavebeenherefor3years.()
现举例说明这类动词的变化:
borrow/lend→keepShehaskeptthemagazinesincetwoweeksago.
catch→haveKatehashadacoldforoneday.
buy→have/keepI’vehadthisradiofor3years.
leave/go→beawayTheyhavebeenawayforoneyear.
start/begin→beonThefilmhasbeenonfor8minutes.
die→bedeadThatoldmanhasbeendeadforthreeyears.
join→bein/beamember(of)HerfatherhasbeeninthePartyfortenyears.
come/become/arrive→beinTheyhavebeeninthisschoolsince1990.
makefriends→befriendsTheyhavebeenfriendsfor10years.
getmarried→bemarriedTheyhavebeenmarriedsince5yearsago.
④现在完成时常见六种句型:
A)主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
B)主语+have/has+延续性动词的过去分词+for…./since….ago.
C)It’s+时间段+since+短暂性动词的过去式
D)时间段+haspassed+since+短暂性动词的过去式
E)Itisthefirst/secondtime....that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。
例如:
ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.这是我第一次访问这城市。
Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhimsing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。
F)Thisis+形容词最高级+that…结构,that从句要用现在完成时。
例如:
ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影
与现在完成时有关的几种句型转换:
如:
“我来广东有4年了”可用以下句型表示:
IcametoGuangdong4yearsago.→IhavebeeninGuangdongfor4years.
It’s4yearssinceIcametoGuangdong→FouryearshaspassedsinceIcametoGuangdong.
(5)一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
①标志词不同(具体看两种时态标志词)如:
Iwenttocinematwodaysago.(一般过去时标志词).
Hehasbeenawaysincetendaysago.(现在完成时的标志词)
②一般过去时表示动作发生在过去,与现在无关。
而现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成影响。
Isawthefilmyesterday.(我昨天看过电影,现在看不看不知道)
Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.Iwon’tseeitagain.(过去看过电影,对现在有影响,不想再看了)
千锤百炼
一、单项选择
()1.He______oftenlateforschool.Sohisteachersometimes______hisfathertohaveatalkatschool.
A.is;asksB.was;asksC.is;willaskD.was;isasking
()2.JackhasneverbeentoDisneylandbefore,buthe________therethissummer.
A.hasbeenB.isgoingC.wentD.goes
()3.Don’tmakesomuchnoise.We_________tomusic.
A.listenedB.listenC.arelisteningD.havelistened
()4.ImustreturnthecameratoLiLei.I_______itfortwoweeks.
A.keepB.borrowedC.havekeptD.havelent
()5.Mid-autumnDayusually_________inSeptemberorOctobereveryyear.
A.comeB.comesC.iscomingD.willcome
()6.Ourknowledgeoftheuniverse_______allthetime.
A.growB.isgrowingC.growsD.grew
()7.IfI_____freetomorrow,I’llgofishingwithmyuncle.
A.willbeB.amC.beD.was
()8.Howlong____you_____inthisvillage?
A.do,liveB.arelivingC.have,livedD.did,live
()9.Johnwillwritetousassoonashe_____there.
A.getsB.gotC.willgetD.hasgot
()10.Katealways____upearlyinthemorning,butshe____upverylateyesterday.
A.gets,gotB.get,gotC.got,getsD.get,got
()11.Don’tcrosstheroad.Look,acar_________.
A.haspassedB.cameC.iscomingD.comes
()12.“Look,yoursisteriscryingagain,”Mothersaidangrily.“What_____toher?
”
A.didyoudoB.haveyoudoneC.doyoudoD.wereyoudoing
()13.–WhereisMary?
–She________toseethedoctor.
A.wentB.willgoC.hasgoneD.goes
()14.“AreyougoingtoJack’sparty?
”“I’mnotsure.I_____hisinvitationyet.
A.havereceivedB.haven’treceivedC.willreceiveD.didn’treceive
()15.Whiletheteacher______,thestudents______notes.
A.wastalking;weretakingB.wastalking;tookC.talked;tookD.talked;weretaking
()16.–Hi,Kate.Youlooktired.What’sthematter?
–I__________welllastnight.
A.didn’tsleepB.don’tsleepC.haven’tsleptD.won’tsleep
()17.They________alltheirmoney,sotheyhavetowalkhomenow.
A.havespentB.spendC.spentD.arespending
()18.Mary____theworkinthreedays.
A.havefinishedB.willfinishC.finishesD.finish
()19.Whenheleft,hismother_________.
A.iscookingB.cookedC.wascookingD.cooks
()20.He_____toJapanonlyonce.Howaboutyou?
A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.wentD.goes
()21.–When_____you_____thefilm?
–Aweekago.
A.did;seeB.did;sawC.has;seenD.had;seen
()22.I_________myauntthreetimestoday.Butherlinewasalwaysbusy.
A.havephonedB.phonedC.amphoningD.willphone
()23.Nooneknowswhat_______ontheearthinahundredyears.
A.arehappenedB.willbehappenedC.happensD.willhappen
()24.Mr.Smith_______lastyear.He_______forayear.
A.die;diedB.died;hasdiedC.died;hasbeendeadD.hasdied;isdead
()25.They_____youatthestationnextSunday.
A.willmeetB.meetC.aremeetingD.met
二、完形填空
Muchmeaningcanbecarriedwithoureyes,soitisoften1thateyescanspeak.
Haveyouhadthiskindof2?
Inabusyoumaylookatastranger,butnottoolong.Andifhe3thatheisbeinglookedat,hemayfeeluncomfortable.Thesameistrueforeveryone.Ifyouarelookedatformoretimesthannecessary,youwilllookatyourselfupanddown,toseeifthereis4wrongwithyou.Ifnothinggoeswrong,youwillfeel5withtheper