9动词时态.docx

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9动词时态.docx

9动词时态

动词时态

考点1:

一般现在时:

(1)句型结构

Youareagoodworker..

→Youarenotagoodworker.(否定句,在is,am,are后加not)

→Areyouagoodworker?

(一般疑问句,把is,am,are提句首)

→Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.(回答)

Heusuallygoestoschoolatseven.

→Heusuallydoesn’tgotoschoolatseven.(否定句,第三人称单数在动词前+doesn’t;其他人称+don’t)

→Doesheusuallygotoschoolatseven?

(一般疑问句,第三人称单数在句首+Does;其他人称+Do)

→Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.(回答)

(2)用法:

①.表动作经常发生或存在状态。

Weusuallyhavesportsafterschoolintheafternoon.

②.表事实或客观真理。

Twoandtwoisfour.Thelighttravelsfasterthanthesound.

(3)常见的时间标志词。

always,usually,often,howoften,sometimes,everyday,onceaweek,seldom等。

(4)难点:

①.在时间或条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。

这方面的标志词有until,assoonas,when,,before,after;if,unless等。

(具体用法请参照连词部分的考点2之(3)“主将从现的用法”。

②.表客观真理时,在宾语从句中,不管主句为何时态,从句用一般现在时。

Hesaidthattwoandthreeisfive.Theteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun.

考点2:

一般过去时

(1)句型结构

LinTaowasinthelibraryamomentago.

→LinTaowasn’tinthelibraryamomentago.(否定句,在was,were后加not)

→WasLinTaointhelibraryamomentago?

(一般疑问句,把was,were提句首)

→Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.(回答)

WewenttotheparklastSunday.

→Wedidn’tgototheparklastSunday.(否定句,在实义动词前+didn’t)

→DidyougototheparklastSunday?

(一般疑问句,在句首+Did)

→Yes,wedid./No,wedidn’t.(回答)

(2)用法:

表过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。

IhadagoodtimeinHainanlastmonth.

(3)常见的时间标志词:

yesterday,twodaysago,lastweek,in1980,justnow,theotherday等具体的表达过去的时间。

考点3:

一般将来时。

(1)句型结构:

will/shall(第一人称)+动词原形/begoingto+动词原形。

TheywillflytoLondontomorrow.

→Theywon’tflytoLondontomorrow.(否定句,在will,shall后+not)

→WilltheyflytoLondontomorrow?

(一般疑问句,把will,shall提句首)

→Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t.(回答)

Heisgoingtovisitmenextweek.

→Heisn’tgoingtovisitmenextweek.(否定句,在be后+not)

→Ishegoingtovisitmenextweek?

(一般疑问句,把be提句首)

→Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.

(2)用法:

表将要发生的动作或状态。

Looktheblackclouds.Itisgoingtorain.

(3)常见的时间标志词:

tomorrow,infivedays,nextweek,thisevening,soon,fromnowon,inthefuture等。

(4)表示往来运动的某些短暂性动词,可用现在进行时表示将来时。

这类动词有:

arrive,come,go,leave,fly,move等,常与将来时间连用。

Theyarearrivingatthisvillageinfivehours.5小时后他们将到达这个村子。

Heiscomingtoseemenextweek.他下星期将要来看我。

Wearegoingonafieldtriptomorrow.我们明天将去郊游。

Weareleaving/flyingforLondon.我们将要离开(飞)去伦敦。

考点4:

现在进行时

(1)句型结构:

is/am/are+doing

Menarefightingagainstpollutionallthetime.

→Menaren’tfightingagainstpollutionallthetime.(否定句,在is,am,are后+not)

→Aremenfightingagainstpollutionallthetime?

(一般疑问句,将is,am,are提到句首)

→Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.(回答)

(2)用法:

1)表示说话时动作正在进行。

Wearewaitingforthebusnow.

2)表示现阶段进行的动作,但说话时动作不一定正在进行,句中常有thesedays。

Theyarebuildingabridgethesedays.

(3)常见的时间标志词:

now,atthepresent,…look…listen…allthetime,atthemoment,bequiet等

考点5:

过去进行时

(1)句型结构:

was/were+doing

Itwassnowingatthistimeyesterday.

→Itwasn’tsnowingatthistimeyesterday.(否定句,在was,were后+not)

→Wasitsnowingatthistimeyesterday?

(一般疑问句,将was,were提到句首)

→Yes,itwas./No,itwasn’t.(回答)

(2)用法:

1).表示过去的某个时间动作正在进行。

Wewereplayingcardsatthattime.

2).表示过去某个动作发生时,另一个动作正在发生。

WhenIcamein,myfatherwaswatchingTV.

(3)常见的时间标志词:

then,atthattime,atthistimeyesterday,when,while等

考点6:

现在完成时

(1)句型结构:

have/has+done

Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.

→Hehasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.(否定句,在has,have后+not)

→Hashefinishedhishomeworkyet?

(一般疑问句,将has,have提到句首)

→Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.(回答)

(2)用法:

1).过去发生的动作对现在造成影响。

Ihaveclosedthedoor.(门现在是关的)

2).过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,常与一段时间连用。

Wehavelivedherefortwoyears.(过去住到现在)

(3)常见的标志词:

already,yet,ever,never,just,before,inthepast(last)fewdays,sofar,twice,recently,for+时间段,since+时间点等等

(4)难点

①现在完成时可和疑问词where,why,how连用,但不能和when连用.故现在完成时

对时间的提问不用when,只用howlong。

Wherehaveyoubeen?

Whenhaveyoucomeback?

(×)

HehasbeeninChinafor4years.(提问)Howlong()hashebeeninChina?

不能与时间段连用

②havebeento(去了某地又回来)

havegoneto(去了没回来)

havebeenin(去了并在那里呆下去),可以与时间段连用

IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.

–WhereisTom?

–HehasgonetoHK.

Lucyhasbeeninthisschoolfortwoyears.

③短暂性动词和持续性动词的现在完成时

A.若后面没有时间状语“for+时间段,since+时间点”时,短暂性和持续性动词都可用于现在完成时。

Ihavebought(短暂)anewcomputer.()

Hehasalreadylived(持续)inthesmallvillage.()

B.若后面有时间状语“for+时间段,since+时间点”时,要用持续性动词或短暂性动词的否定。

如:

Theyhavestayed(持续)inthevillagefor10years.

Ihavetaught(持续)Englishatthisschoolsince5yearsago.

Youhaven’treceived(短暂)herletterfor2weeks.

Wehaven’tleft(短暂)Chinasince20yearsago.

C.短暂性动词的肯定不能与“for+时间段,since+时间点”连用,若要和他们连用则要将短暂性动词变为相对应的动词。

如:

Ihavecomeherefor3years.(×)→Ihavebeenherefor3years.()

现举例说明这类动词的变化:

borrow/lend→keepShehaskeptthemagazinesincetwoweeksago.

catch→haveKatehashadacoldforoneday.

buy→have/keepI’vehadthisradiofor3years.

leave/go→beawayTheyhavebeenawayforoneyear.

start/begin→beonThefilmhasbeenonfor8minutes.

die→bedeadThatoldmanhasbeendeadforthreeyears.

join→bein/beamember(of)HerfatherhasbeeninthePartyfortenyears.

come/become/arrive→beinTheyhavebeeninthisschoolsince1990.

makefriends→befriendsTheyhavebeenfriendsfor10years.

getmarried→bemarriedTheyhavebeenmarriedsince5yearsago.

④现在完成时常见六种句型:

A)主语+have/has+动词的过去分词

B)主语+have/has+延续性动词的过去分词+for…./since….ago.

C)It’s+时间段+since+短暂性动词的过去式

D)时间段+haspassed+since+短暂性动词的过去式

E)Itisthefirst/secondtime....that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。

例如:

ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.这是我第一次访问这城市。

Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhimsing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。

F)Thisis+形容词最高级+that…结构,that从句要用现在完成时。

例如:

ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影

与现在完成时有关的几种句型转换:

如:

“我来广东有4年了”可用以下句型表示:

IcametoGuangdong4yearsago.→IhavebeeninGuangdongfor4years.

It’s4yearssinceIcametoGuangdong→FouryearshaspassedsinceIcametoGuangdong.

(5)一般过去时与现在完成时的区别

①标志词不同(具体看两种时态标志词)如:

Iwenttocinematwodaysago.(一般过去时标志词).

Hehasbeenawaysincetendaysago.(现在完成时的标志词)

②一般过去时表示动作发生在过去,与现在无关。

而现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成影响。

Isawthefilmyesterday.(我昨天看过电影,现在看不看不知道)

Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.Iwon’tseeitagain.(过去看过电影,对现在有影响,不想再看了)

千锤百炼

一、单项选择

()1.He______oftenlateforschool.Sohisteachersometimes______hisfathertohaveatalkatschool.

A.is;asksB.was;asksC.is;willaskD.was;isasking

()2.JackhasneverbeentoDisneylandbefore,buthe________therethissummer.

A.hasbeenB.isgoingC.wentD.goes

()3.Don’tmakesomuchnoise.We_________tomusic.

A.listenedB.listenC.arelisteningD.havelistened

()4.ImustreturnthecameratoLiLei.I_______itfortwoweeks.

A.keepB.borrowedC.havekeptD.havelent

()5.Mid-autumnDayusually_________inSeptemberorOctobereveryyear.

A.comeB.comesC.iscomingD.willcome

()6.Ourknowledgeoftheuniverse_______allthetime.

A.growB.isgrowingC.growsD.grew

()7.IfI_____freetomorrow,I’llgofishingwithmyuncle.

A.willbeB.amC.beD.was

()8.Howlong____you_____inthisvillage?

A.do,liveB.arelivingC.have,livedD.did,live

()9.Johnwillwritetousassoonashe_____there.

A.getsB.gotC.willgetD.hasgot

()10.Katealways____upearlyinthemorning,butshe____upverylateyesterday.

A.gets,gotB.get,gotC.got,getsD.get,got

()11.Don’tcrosstheroad.Look,acar_________.

A.haspassedB.cameC.iscomingD.comes

()12.“Look,yoursisteriscryingagain,”Mothersaidangrily.“What_____toher?

A.didyoudoB.haveyoudoneC.doyoudoD.wereyoudoing

()13.–WhereisMary?

–She________toseethedoctor.

A.wentB.willgoC.hasgoneD.goes

()14.“AreyougoingtoJack’sparty?

”“I’mnotsure.I_____hisinvitationyet.

A.havereceivedB.haven’treceivedC.willreceiveD.didn’treceive

()15.Whiletheteacher______,thestudents______notes.

A.wastalking;weretakingB.wastalking;tookC.talked;tookD.talked;weretaking

()16.–Hi,Kate.Youlooktired.What’sthematter?

–I__________welllastnight.

A.didn’tsleepB.don’tsleepC.haven’tsleptD.won’tsleep

()17.They________alltheirmoney,sotheyhavetowalkhomenow.

A.havespentB.spendC.spentD.arespending

()18.Mary____theworkinthreedays.

A.havefinishedB.willfinishC.finishesD.finish

()19.Whenheleft,hismother_________.

A.iscookingB.cookedC.wascookingD.cooks

()20.He_____toJapanonlyonce.Howaboutyou?

A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.wentD.goes

()21.–When_____you_____thefilm?

–Aweekago.

A.did;seeB.did;sawC.has;seenD.had;seen

()22.I_________myauntthreetimestoday.Butherlinewasalwaysbusy.

A.havephonedB.phonedC.amphoningD.willphone

()23.Nooneknowswhat_______ontheearthinahundredyears.

A.arehappenedB.willbehappenedC.happensD.willhappen

()24.Mr.Smith_______lastyear.He_______forayear.

A.die;diedB.died;hasdiedC.died;hasbeendeadD.hasdied;isdead

()25.They_____youatthestationnextSunday.

A.willmeetB.meetC.aremeetingD.met

二、完形填空

Muchmeaningcanbecarriedwithoureyes,soitisoften1thateyescanspeak.

Haveyouhadthiskindof2?

Inabusyoumaylookatastranger,butnottoolong.Andifhe3thatheisbeinglookedat,hemayfeeluncomfortable.Thesameistrueforeveryone.Ifyouarelookedatformoretimesthannecessary,youwilllookatyourselfupanddown,toseeifthereis4wrongwithyou.Ifnothinggoeswrong,youwillfeel5withtheper

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