定语从句关系代词关系副词非限制性定语从句.docx
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定语从句关系代词关系副词非限制性定语从句
定语从句
(一)——关系代词的用法
一.定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定
语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
关系词有三个作用:
1、引导定语从句;2、代替先行词;3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二、
定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括
that,WhiCh,Who,Whom禾口whose,关系畐U词包括where,When,Why等。
三、关系代词的用法
关系代词
指代人还是物
在从句中的成分
That
人和物
主语和宾语:
WhiCh
物
主语和宾语
先行词
在从句中的作用或成分
关系词
时间
时间状语
When=
Who
人
主语和宾语
Whom
人
宾语
Whose
人和物
定语
部分特殊先行词的关系词选择
in/on/during/at…+
WhiCh
主语/宾语
That/WhiCh
地点场合
地点状语
Where=in/on/at…
+WhiCh
主语/宾语
That/WhiCh
ReaSOn
原因状语
Why=forWhiCh
(非限制性定语从句
只能用forWhiCh)
主语/宾语
That/WhiCh
Way
方式状语
That/inWhich/省略
主语/宾语
That/WhiCh
POint,situation,COndition,stage,casB∙∙∙
地点状语
Where=inWhiCh
主语/宾语
That/WhiCh
Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentie.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)
Thecoat(that)IPUtOnthedeskisblue.(that作宾语)
2.which
ThebuildingWhiChStandsnearthetrainStatiOnisasupermarket.(作主语)
Thefilm(WhiCh)WeSaWlastnightWaSWonderful.(作宾语)
3.who指人在从句中做主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:
Theboyswhoare
PiayingfootballarefromCiaSSOne.
翻译:
4.Whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常用Who代替,可省略。
例如:
Mr.Lingisjusttheman
WhomIWanttosee.
翻译:
5..Whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1)HehasafriendWhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)IOnCelivedinahouseWhoseroofhasfallenin.
(3)TheCiaSSroomWhosedoorisbrokenWiiiSoonberepaired.
(4)TheCiaSSroomthedoorofWhiChisbrokenWiiiSoonberepaired.
(5)DoyoulikethebookWhoseCoverisyel∣0W?
(6)DoyouIikethebookthecolorOfWhiChisyellow?
2.关系词只能用that的情况:
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时;例如:
HeWaSthefirstPerSonthatPaSSedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theOne等不定代词时;例如:
ISthereanythingthatyouWanttobuyintheshop?
你在商店里有什么要买的东西吗?
c.先行词被theonly,theVery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时;例如:
ThiSistheSamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d.先行词里同时含有人和物时;例如:
ICanrememberwellthePerSOnSandsomePiCtUreSthatISaWintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或WhiCh引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
WhoisthegirlthatisCrying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
1.DoyouknowthemanwhoistalkingWithourteacher?
先行词是_,关系代词是_,指(人/物),在定语从句中作_语。
2.ThiSisthedoctorwhomISaWyesterday.
先行词是_,关系代词是_,指(人/物),在定语从句中作_语。
3.Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisblue?
先行词是_,关系代词是_,指(人/物),在定语从句中作_语。
4.1'VelostthePenWhiChIlikebest.
先行词是—,关系代词是—,指(人/物),在定语从句中作—语。
5.ThePerSOnthattelephonedmeisareporter
先行词是_,关系代词是_,指(人/物),在定语从句中作_语。
做题思路:
1、首先要分清主句与从句;2、然后找出先行词
3、分析从句中缺少什么成分;4、再看先行词指人,还是指物;
5、在此基础上,选定恰当的关系代词。
1.ThemanisStandingthereismyfather.
A.whoB.whomC.WhiCh
2.ThegirlcoatisredisWaitingatthegate
A.who'SB.whoseC.thatofwhich.
3.Thatistheday∏lneverforget.
A.WhiChB.OnWhiChC.inWhiChD.When
4.WhoWaSthemanspoketoyoujustnow?
A.whoB.whomC.that
5.ItisthebestfilmShehaseverSeen.
A.thatB.WhiChC.When
6.ChinaisaCoUntryhasaIonghistory.
A.whoB.WhiChC.Where
7.TheboyItalkedWithjustnowismybestfriend.
A.whoB.WhiChC.Where
8.WeknowJaCkieChanmoviesareVerypopularWiththeyoung.
A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.WhiCh
9.HetalkedalotaboutthingsandPerSOnStheyrememberedintheschool.
A.WhiChB.thatC.whomD.What
10.ThePenheisWritingismine.
A.WithWhiChB.inWhiChC.OnWhiChD.byWhiCh
填上适合的关系代词并指出在句子中作什么成分。
1.Thefamilyhadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.
2.ThiSisthebookyouwant.
3.IOnCelivedinahouseWindoWWaSbroken.
4.Thefirstthingyoumustdoistohaveameal.
5.ThehouseWeliveinisVeryold.
6.Didn'tyouSeethemanItalkedWithjustn?
7.I'mWaitingforthewomanithyoutalkedjustnow.
8.Thetowninhelivesisfarfromhere.
9ThiSisthebiggestbuildingWehaveeverbuiltinOUrschool.
10.ThiSistheSeCOndschoolIUSedtoworkat,andmanyStUdentstherestillhave
ContactWithme.
定语从句
(二)---关系副词的用法
一.概述
定语从句中的关系副词是Where,When和Why,
1.When指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语
eg.IstillrememberthedayWhenIfirstCametotheschool.
2.Where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语
eg.ShanghaiistheCityWhereIWaSborn.
3.Why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语
eg.PIeaSetellmethereasOnWhyyouarelate.
其中Why的用法比较固定,通常先行词必须是thereason,When和Where的用法要求有两点,第一,先行词分别表示时间和地点,第二,一定要在从句中作状语,否则即使先行词是指时间
地点的也不能用When和WhereO
•关系副词=介词+关系代词
关系副词引导的从句可以由介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
why=forWhiChWhere=in∕atWhiChwhen=in∕on∕duringWhiCh:
1.ThereasOnwhy/forWhiChherefusedtheinVitationisnotclear.
翻译:
2.1don'knowtheyearWhen/inWhiChheWenttoschool.
翻译:
3.GreatChangeshavetakenplaceintheCityinwhich./WhereIWaSborn.翻译:
三.判断关系代词与关系副词的辨别:
方法一:
用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,
如:
ThiSisthevillageWhereIStayedlastyear.
∏lneverforgetthedaysWhenIWOrkedtogetherWithyou.
方法二:
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状
代词/关系副词。
ISthisthemuseumtheexhibitiOnWaSheld?
ISthisthemuseumyouvisited?
A.WhereB.thatC.OnWhiCh
1.ThatisthetownheWaSborn.
A.whichB.WhereC.WhenD.Why
2.ISthisthefactoryheWOrkedtenyearsago?
A.thatB.WhereC.WhiChD.theone
3.ISthistheriverICanSWim?
A.WhiChB.inWhiChC.thatD.theone
4.IlovePIaCeSthepeoplearereallyfriendly.
A.thatB.WhiChC.WhereD.who
5.ItthereanyoneinyourclassfamilyisintheCoUntry?
A.whoB.who'sC.WhiChD.whose
6.ICanneverforgetthedayWeWOrkedtogetherandtheday
A.When;WhiChB.which;WhenC.what;thatD.Onwhich;When
7.ThiSisthereasOnhedidn'tcometothemeeting.
A.inWhiChB.WithWhiChC.thatD.forWhiCh
8.ThehouseIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
9.ThehouseIlivedintenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
10.Idon'tknowthereason_helooksUnhappytoday.考点一:
关系代词who,whom,whose的选择:
1.
不及物动词后面无宾语,
则要求用关系代词。
例
),也能正确选择出关系
WeSPenttogether.
ThiSisthemanoftenhelpsyou.
2.HeistheStUdentComPoSitiOnWonthefirstprize.
3.Don'getclosetothehouseroofisUnderrepair.
4.ThePerSOnWithIshookhandsismyteacher.
考点二:
关系代词和关系副词的选择:
1.①ThiSisthemarketyouCanbuymanythings.
②ThiSisthemarketsellsallkindsofthings.
2.
(1)There'sonepointWemustinSiSton.
(2)ShereachedaPointSheWaSSUPPOSedtomakedecisiOnSofherown.
3.
(1)Ididn'believethereasOnheexplainedtome.
(2)Ididn'believethereasonheWentthere.
4.It'ajobyouaredoingSOmethingSeriOUSbutinteresting.
It'ajobIdislike
5.ThereWaSatimeIhatedtogotoschool.
—非限制性定语从句
ReViSiOn
定语从句(attributiveCIaUSeS)通常由关系代词或关系副词引出。
常见的关系代词有:
(指物),(既可指人又可指物),指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语),(指人,在定语从句中作宾语),(指人或物,作定语)等。
关系副词
有:
(指时间),(指地点),(指原因)等。
用适合的关系代词或副词填空
1.1SatnexttoagirlnameWaSDina.
2.StudentsdonotmakegoodUSeoftheirtimemayfailtheirexams.
3.DavidWaSOneofthemosthelpfulStUdentsWeeverhad.
4.WetalkaboutpoemsandpoetsWelike.
5.DoyourememberthedayWeleftyouincharge?
6.DoyourememberthedayWeSPenttogether?
7.1don'tknowthereasOnthehouseissodirty.
8.1don'tbelievethereasOnhegaveus.
9.WelearninaCIaSSroomWindowsarebroken.
10.YueyangistheplaceIWaSborn.
非限制性定语从句定义
定语从句分为限制性定语从句(restrictive)和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)两种。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,与先行词之间一般不加逗号;非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
Non-restrictiveattributiveclauses:
1.I'mtakingWeight-losspillscalledFat-Less,WhiCharequitepopularamongyoungwomenhere.
2.It'StheSameinChina—manypeople,someofwhomarenotOVerWeightatall,arealwaysgoingondietortakingWeight-losspills,WhiChareoftendangerous.
EXamPIe1
1.HiSfather,WhoworksinBeijing,Camebackyesterday.
2.Shanghai,WhiChisinEaStChina,isdevelopingrapidly.
ConclusiOn1
当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时,通常只用定语从句
修饰。
ThiSisthehouse(which/that)weboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
2.Thehouse,WhiChWeboughtlastmonth,isVerynice.
这房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。
1.从句与先行词关系密切,是先行词不可缺少的部分,如果去掉它,主句意思往往
不明确。
2.非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明,去掉它也影响主句的意思。
注意:
非限制性定语从句,不可that引导非限制性定语从句考点归纳:
as和WhiCh弓I导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句。
Example:
1.ASeveryOneknows,ChinaisaCoUntryWithaIonghistory.
众所周知,中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
2.Sheisateacher,asisclearfromhermanner.
她是个教师,这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出。
3.Hemissedtheshow,WhiChWaSreallyagreatpity.
他错过了演出,这真是很大的遗憾。
1.as和WhiCh在引导非限制性定语从句时,as和WhiCh可代替整个主句,相当于andthis或and
thato
2.as和WhiCh引导非限制性定语从句的不同之处在于:
⑴as引导的定语从句可置于,而WhiCh引导的定语从句不可放在句首。
as引导非限制性从句,常带有“正如”的意思。
AlicereceivedaninVitatiOnfromherboss,Cameasasurprise.
2.TheWeatherturnedouttobeVerygood,WaSmorethanWecouldexpect.
3.__isexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.
4.__WeCansee,thesmokeCamefromthelittledustbin.
5.Theairqualityinthecity,isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthePaSttwomonths.
A.thatB.itC.asD.What
II.all/some/of+whom/WhiCh引导非限制性定语从句
Example:
HehastoldUSmanystories,allofWhiChareaboutthefamousLongMatch.
2.TheStUdentsofClass1,someofwhomCamefromJaPan,WentCamPingyesterday.
Conclusion在非限制性定语从句中,一些表达数量或定位的数词或代词如all/some/one/both/
neither/none/any∕either/any等可与Of构成介词词组修饰限制先行词,此时先行词在其后的
定语从句中作介词的宾语,关系代词不可用that。
如先行词指人则用,如先行词指物则
用引导从句。
1.Thefamousbasketballstar,comesfromAmeriCa,WillViSitOUrschoolsoon.
2.Inthosedays,SheUSedtogotoMrblack,withShehadaWonderfultime.
3.IboughtaCaryesterday,costmealot.
4.Xi'an,IViSitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.
5.HewillcometoSeemenextJuly,heWon'tbesobusy.
6.Theschool,IOnCestudied,WaSbuiltthirtyyearsago.
7.JohnSaidhe'dbeenworkingintheOffiCeforanhour,WaStrue.
8.__Weallknow,heisgoodatEng