Recommendation Concerning the Preservation of Cultural Property Endangered by Public or Private Work.docx

Recommendation Concerning the Preservation of Cultural Property Endangered by Public or Private Work.docx

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RecommendationConcerningthePreservationofCulturalPropertyEndangeredbyPublicorPrivateWork

RecommendationConcerningthePreservationofCulturalPropertyEndangeredbyPublicorPrivateWorks

Preamble

TheGeneralConferenceoftheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization,meetinginParisfrom15Octoberto20November1968,atitsfifteenthsession,

Consideringthatcontemporarycivilizationanditsfutureevolutionrestupon,amongotherelements,theculturaltraditionsofthepeoplesoftheworld,theircreativeforceandtheirsocialandeconomicdevelopment,

Consideringthatculturalpropertyistheproductandwitnessofthedifferenttraditionsandofthespiritualachievementsofthepastandthusisanessentialelementinthepersonalityofthepeoplesoftheworld,

Consideringthatitisindispensabletopreserveitasmuchaspossible,accordingtoitshistoricalandartisticimportance,sothatthesignificanceandmessageofculturalpropertybecomeapartofthespiritofpeopleswhotherebymaygainconsciousnessoftheirowndignity,

Consideringthatpreservingculturalpropertyandrenderingitaccessibleconstitute,inthespiritoftheDeclarationofthePrinciplesofInternationalCulturalCo-operationadoptedon4November1966inthecourseofitsfourteenthsession,meansofencouragingmutualunderstandingamongpeoplesandtherebyservethecauseofpeace,

Consideringalsothatthewell-beingofallpeoplesdepends,interalia,upontheexistenceofafavourableandstimulatingenvironmentandthatthepreservationofculturalpropertyofallperiodsofhistorycontributesdirectlytosuchanenvironment,

Recognizing,ontheotherhand,therolethatindustrialization,towardswhichworldcivilizationismoving,playsinthedevelopmentofpeoplesandtheirspiritualandnationalfulfilment,

Considering,however,thattheprehistoric,protohistoricandhistoricmonumentsandremains,aswellasnumerousrecentstructureshavingartistic,historicorscientificimportanceareincreasinglythreatenedbypublicandprivateworksresultingfromindustrialdevelopmentandurbanization,

Consideringthatitisthedutyofgovernmentstoensuretheprotectionandthepreservationoftheculturalheritageofmankind,asmuchastopromotesocialandeconomicdevelopment,

Consideringinconsequencethatitisurgenttoharmonizethepreservationoftheculturalheritagewiththechangeswhichfollowfromsocialandeconomicdevelopment,makingseriouseffortstomeetbothrequirementsinabroadspiritofunderstanding,andwithreferencetoappropriateplanning,

Consideringequallythatadequatepreservationandaccessibilityofculturalpropertyconstituteamajorcontributiontothesocialandeconomicdevelopmentofcountriesandregionswhichpossesssuchtreasuresofmankindbymeansofpromotingnationalandinternationaltourism,

Consideringfinallythatthesurestguaranteeforthepreservationofculturalpropertyrestsintherespectandtheattachmentfeltforitbythepeoplethemselves,andpersuadedthatsuchfeelingsmaybegreatlystrengthenedbyadequatemeasurescarriedoutbyMemberStates,

Havingbeforeitproposalsconcerningthepreservationofculturalpropertyendangeredbypublicorprivateworks,whichconstituteitem16ontheagendaofthesession,

HavingdecidedatitsthirteenthsessionthatproposalsonthisitemshouldbethesubjectofaninternationalinstrumentintheformofarecommendationtoMemberStates,

AdoptsonthisnineteenthdayofNovember1968thisrecommendation.

TheGeneralConferencerecommendsthatMemberStatesshouldapplythefollowingprovisionsbytakingwhateverlegislativeorotherstepsmayberequiredtogiveeffectwithintheirrespectiveterritoriestothenormsandprinciplessetforthinthisrecommendation.

TheGeneralConferencerecommendsthatMemberStatesshouldbringthisrecommendationtotheattentionoftheauthoritiesorservicesresponsibleforpublicorprivateworksaswellastothebodiesresponsiblefortheconservationandtheprotectionofmonumentsandhistoric,artistic,archaeologicalandscientificsites.Itrecommendsthatauthoritiesandbodieswhichplanprogrammesforeducationandthedevelopmentoftourismbeequallyinformed.

TheGeneralConferencerecommendsthatMemberStatesshouldreporttoit,onthedatesandinamannertobedeterminedbyit,ontheactiontheyhavetakentogiveeffecttothisrecommendation.

I.Definition

1.Forthepurposeofthisrecommendation,theterm'culturalproperty'appliesto:

（a）Immovables,suchasarchaeologicalandhistoricorscientificsites,structuresorotherfeaturesofhistoric,scientific,artisticorarchitecturalvalue,whetherreligiousorsecular,includinggroupsoftraditionalstructures,historicquartersinurbanorruralbuilt-upareasandtheethnologicalstructuresofpreviousculturesstillextantinvalidform.Itappliestosuchimmovablesconstitutingruinsexistingabovetheearthaswellastoarchaeologicalorhistoricremainsfoundwithintheearth.Thetermculturalpropertyalsoincludesthesettingofsuchproperty;

（b）Movablepropertyofculturalimportanceincludingthatexistinginorrecoveredfromimmovablepropertyandthatconcealedintheearth,whichmaybefoundinarchaeologicalorhistoricalsitesorelsewhere.

2.Theterm'culturalproperty'includesnotonlytheestablishedandscheduledarchitectural,archaeologicalandhistoricsitesandstructure,butalsotheunscheduledorunclassifiedvestigesofthepastaswellasartisticallyorhistoricallyimportantrecentsitesandstructures.

II.Generalprinciples

3.MeasurestopreserveculturalpropertyshouldextendtothewholeterritoryoftheStateandshouldnotbeconfinedtocertainmonumentsandsites.

4.Protectiveinventoriesofimportantculturalproperty,whetherscheduledorunscheduled,shouldbemaintained.Wheresuchinventoriesdonotexist,priorityshouldbegivenintheirestablishmenttothethoroughsurveyofculturalpropertyinareaswheresuchpropertyisendangeredbypublicorprivateworks.

5.Dueaccountshouldbetakenoftherelativesignificanceoftheculturalpropertyconcernedwhendeterminingmeasuresrequiredforthe:

（a）Preservationofanentiresite,structure,orotherformsofimmovableculturalpropertyfromtheeffectsofprivateorpublicworks;

（b）Salvageorrescueofculturalpropertyiftheareainwhichitisfoundistobetransformedbypublicorprivateworks,andthewholeorapartofthepropertyinquestionistobepreservedandremoved.

6.Measuresshouldvaryaccordingtothecharacter,sizeandlocationoftheculturalpropertyandthenatureofthedangerswithwhichitisthreatened.

7.Measuresforthepreservationorsalvageofculturalpropertyshouldbepreventiveandcorrective.

8.Preventiveandcorrectivemeasuresshouldbeaimedatprotectingorsavingculturalpropertyfrompublicorprivateworkslikelytodamageanddestroyit,suchas:

（a）Urbanexpansionandrenewalprojects,althoughtheymayretainscheduledmonumentswhilesometimesremovinglessimportantstructures,withtheresultthathistoricalrelationsandthesettingofhistoricquartersaredestroyed;

（b）Similarprojectsinareaswheregroupsoftraditionalstructureshavingculturalvalueasawholeriskbeingdestroyedforthelackofascheduledindividualmonument;

（c）Injudiciousmodificationsandrepairofindividualhistoricbuildings;

（d）Theconstructionoralterationofhighwayswhichareaparticulardangertositesortohistoricallyimportantstructuresorgroupsofstructures;

（e）Theconstructionofdamsforirrigation,hydroelectricpowerorfloodcontrol;

（f）Theconstructionofpipelinesandofpowerandtransmissionlinesofelectricity;

（g）Farmingoperationsincludingdeepploughing,drainageandirrigationoperations,theclearingandlevellingoflandandafforestation;

（h）Worksrequiredbythegrowthofindustryandthetechnologicalprogressofindustrializedsocietiessuchasairfields,miningandquarryingoperationsanddredgingandreclamationofchannelsandharbours.

9.MemberStatesshouldgivedueprioritytomeasuresrequiredforthepreservationinsituofculturalpropertyendangeredbypublicorprivateworksinordertopreservehistoricalassociationsandcontinuity.Whenoverridingeconomicorsocialconditionsrequirethatculturalpropertybetransferred,abandonedordestroyed,thesalvageorrescueoperationsshouldalwaysincludecarefulstudyoftheculturalpropertyinvolvedandthepreparationsofdetailedrecords.

10.Theresultsofstudieshavingscientificorhistoricvaluecarriedoutinconnexionwithsalvageoperations,particularlywhenallormuchoftheimmovableculturalpropertyhasbeenabandonedordestroyed,shouldbepublishedorotherwisemadeavailableforfutureresearch.

11.Importantstructuresandothermonumentswhichhavebeentransferredinordertosavethemfromdestructionbypublicorprivateworksshouldbeplacedonasiteorinasettingwhichresemblestheirformerpositionandnatural,historicorartisticassociations.

12.Importantmovableculturalproperty,includingrepresentativesamplesofobjectsrecoveredfromarchaeologicalexcavations,obtainedfromsalvageoperationsshouldbepreservedforstudyorplacedonexhibitionininstitutionssuchasmuseumsincludingsitemuseums,oruniversities.

III.Preservationandsalvagemeasures

13.ThepreservationorsalvageofculturalpropertyendangeredbypublicorprivateworksshouldheensuredthroughthemeansmentionedbelowtheprecisemeasurestobedeterminedbythelegislationandorganizationalsystemoftheState:

（a）Legislation;

（b）Finance;

（c）Administrativemeasures;

（d）Procedurestopreservean