Recommendation Concerning the Preservation of Cultural Property Endangered by Public or Private Work.docx

1、Recommendation Concerning the Preservation of Cultural Property Endangered by Public or Private WorkRecommendation Concerning the Preservation of Cultural Property Endangered by Public or Private WorksPreambleThe General Conferenceof the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizati

2、on, meeting in Paris from 15 October to 20 November 1968, at its fifteenth session,Considering that contemporary civilization and its future evolution rest upon, among other elements, the cultural traditions of the peoples of the world, their creative force and their social and economic development,

3、Considering that cultural property is the product and witness of the different traditions and of the spiritual achievements of the past and thus is an essential element in the personality of the peoples of the world,Considering that it is indispensable to preserve it as much as possible, according t

4、o its historical and artistic importance, so that the significance and message of cultural property become a part of the spirit of peoples who thereby may gain consciousness of their own dignity,Considering that preserving cultural property and rendering it accessible constitute, in the spirit of th

5、e Declaration of the Principles of International Cultural Co-operation adopted on 4 November 1966 in the course of its fourteenth session, means of encouraging mutual understanding among peoples and thereby serve the cause of peace,Considering also that the well-being of all peoples depends, inter a

6、lia, upon the existence of a favourable and stimulating environment and that the preservation of cultural property of all periods of history contributes directly to such an environment,Recognizing, on the other hand, the role that industrialization, towards which world civilization is moving, plays

7、in the development of peoples and their spiritual and national fulfilment,Considering, however, that the prehistoric, protohistoric and historic monuments and remains, as well as numerous recent structures having artistic, historic or scientific importance are increasingly threatened by public and p

8、rivate works resulting from industrial development and urbanization,Considering that it is the duty of governments to ensure the protection and the preservation of the cultural heritage of mankind, as much as to promote social and economic development,Considering in consequence that it is urgent to

9、harmonize the preservation of the cultural heritage with the changes which follow from social and economic development, making serious efforts to meet both requirements in a broad spirit of understanding, and with reference to appropriate planning,Considering equally that adequate preservation and a

10、ccessibility of cultural property constitute a major contribution to the social and economic development of countries and regions which possess such treasures of mankind by means of promoting national and international tourism,Considering finally that the surest guarantee for the preservation of cul

11、tural property rests in the respect and the attachment felt for it by the people themselves, and persuaded that such feelings may be greatly strengthened by adequate measures carried out by Member States,Having before it proposals concerning the preservation of cultural property endangered by public

12、 or private works, which constitute item 16 on the agenda of the session,Having decided at its thirteenth session that proposals on this item should be the subject of an international instrument in the form of a recommendation to Member States,Adopts on this nineteenth day of November 1968 this reco

13、mmendation.The General Conference recommends that Member States should apply the following provisions by taking whatever legislative or other steps may be required to give effect within their respective territories to the norms and principles set forth in this recommendation.The General Conference r

14、ecommends that Member States should bring this recommendation to the attention of the authorities or services responsible for public or private works as well as to the bodies responsible for the conservation and the protection of monuments and historic, artistic, archaeological and scientific sites.

15、 It recommends that authorities and bodies which plan programmes for education and the development of tourism be equally informed.The General Conference recommends that Member States should report to it, on the dates and in a manner to be determined by it, on the action they have taken to give effec

16、t to this recommendation.I. Definition1. For the purpose of this recommendation, the term cultural property applies to:(a) Immovables, such as archaeological and historic or scientific sites, structures or other features of historic, scientific, artistic or architectural value, whether religious or

17、secular, including groups of traditional structures, historic quarters in urban or rural built-up areas and the ethnological structures of previous cultures still extant in valid form. It applies to such immovables constituting ruins existing above the earth as well as to archaeological or historic

18、remains found within the earth. The term cultural property also includes the setting of such property;(b) Movable property of cultural importance including that existing in or recovered from immovable property and that concealed in the earth, which may be found in archaeological or historical sites

19、or elsewhere.2. The term cultural property includes not only the established and scheduled architectural, archaeological and historic sites and structure, but also the unscheduled or unclassified vestiges of the past as well as artistically or historically important recent sites and structures.II. G

20、eneral principles3. Measures to preserve cultural property should extend to the whole territory of the State and should not be confined to certain monuments and sites.4. Protective inventories of important cultural property, whether scheduled or unscheduled, should be maintained. Where such inventor

21、ies do not exist, priority should be given in their establishment to the thorough survey of cultural property in areas where such property is endangered by public or private works.5. Due account should be taken of the relative significance of the cultural property concerned when determining measures

22、 required for the:(a) Preservation of an entire site, structure, or other forms of immovable cultural property from the effects of private or public works;(b) Salvage or rescue of cultural property if the area in which it is found is to be transformed by public or private works, and the whole or a p

23、art of the property in question is to be preserved and removed.6. Measures should vary according to the character, size and location of the cultural property and the nature of the dangers with which it is threatened.7. Measures for the preservation or salvage of cultural property should be preventiv

24、e and corrective.8. Preventive and corrective measures should be aimed at protecting or saving cultural property from public or private works likely to damage and destroy it, such as:(a) Urban expansion and renewal projects, although they may retain scheduled monuments while sometimes removing less

25、important structures, with the result that historical relations and the setting of historic quarters are destroyed;(b) Similar projects in areas where groups of traditional structures having cultural value as a whole risk being destroyed for the lack of a scheduled individual monument;(c) Injudiciou

26、s modifications and repair of individual historic buildings;(d) The construction or alteration of highways which are a particular danger to sites or to historically important structures or groups of structures;(e) The construction of dams for irrigation, hydroelectric power or flood control;(f) The

27、construction of pipelines and of power and transmission lines of electricity;(g) Farming operations including deep ploughing, drainage and irrigation operations, the clearing and levelling of land and afforestation;(h) Works required by the growth of industry and the technological progress of indust

28、rialized societies such as airfields, mining and quarrying operations and dredging and reclamation of channels and harbours.9. Member States should give due priority to measures required for the preservation in situ of cultural property endangered by public or private works in order to preserve hist

29、orical associations and continuity. When overriding economic or social conditions require that cultural property be transferred, abandoned or destroyed, the salvage or rescue operations should always include careful study of the cultural property involved and the preparations of detailed records.10.

30、 The results of studies having scientific or historic value carried out in connexion with salvage operations, particularly when all or much of the immovable cultural property has been abandoned or destroyed, should be published or otherwise made available for future research.11. Important structures

31、 and other monuments which have been transferred in order to save them from destruction by public or private works should be placed on a site or in a setting which resembles their former position and natural, historic or artistic associations.12. Important movable cultural property, including repres

32、entative samples of objects recovered from archaeological excavations, obtained from salvage operations should be preserved for study or placed on exhibition in institutions such as museums including site museums, or universities.III. Preservation and salvage measures13. The preservation or salvage of cultural property endangered by public or private works should he ensured through the means mentioned below the precise measures to be determined by the legislation and organizational system of the State:(a) Legislation;(b) Finance;(c) Administrative measures;(d) Procedures to preserve an