英语复习资料.docx

英语复习资料.docx

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英语复习资料

UNIT1

Words&Expressions

1.copewith

2.blurtout

3.inarticulate

4.bestowsth.upon（on）sb.

5.downright

6.carrysb.away

7.welloff

8.getpossessionof

9.putone’smindtosth.

10.comeupwith

11.brushsth.off

12.ontherighttrack

13.appalled

14.beineptatdoingsth.

15.fallflat

16.fallapart

17.execrable

18.adroit

19.poise

20.etiquette

21.comport

22.thechancesare（that）

Words&Expressions

1.copewith—beabletodealwithsth.difficult;managesuccessfully

Examples：

⏹Theylackthestrengthtocopewithalltheproblemsastheyarenotquiteexperienced.

⏹EvenMr.Smith,whoisnotedforhisinexhaustiblepatience,couldnotcopewiththisdifficultstudent.

2.blurtout—say（sth.）suddenlyorwithoutthinkingoftheeffectorresult

Examples：

⏹Peterwassoexcitedthatheblurtedthenewsoutbeforewecouldstophim.

⏹Kidsareknownforblurtingsomethingimportantoutatunusualtimes.

Words&Expressions

3.inarticulateadj.—unabletoexpressoneselfclearlyandfluently

Examples：

◆Mymeetingswithhimleftmeinarticulatewithrage.

◆Maisiehadalwaysthoughtofherselfasbeinguneducatedandinarticulate,andwassurprisedthatanyoneshouldaskheropinion.

4.bestowsth.upon（on）sb.—presentsth.asagifttosb.

Examples：

◆Hedoesn’tdeservethepraisethathasbeenbestoweduponhim.

◆Thenewrulertookhisenemies’propertyandbestowedituponhisfollowers.

Words&Expressions

5.downrightadj.—usedtoemphasizethatsomethingiscompletelybadoruntrue

Examples：

◆Shehadmadetroublewhenevershecould,stealingherboyfriendsbytellingdownrightlies.

◆Ithoughtmyweddingwas,despiteitslackingthefamiliartrappings（饰物，装饰）oftradition,downrightlegal.

◆SOMETHINGOLD,SOMETHINGNEW,SOMETHINGBORROWED,SOMETHINGBLUE

tocarrywiththemastheywalkdowntheaisle.

Words&Expressions

6.carrysb.away—（usu.passive）causesb.toloseself-controlorbeveryexcited

Examples：

◆Hewassocarriedawaybyfearthathedidn’tknowwhathewassaying.

◆Whenwelistentomusicweshouldallowourselvestobecarriedawayintothemusicalparadise.

Words&Expressions

7.welloff—inaverygoodpositionorcondition,esp.financially

Examples：

◆Youshouldn’tgrumbleaboutthathouse;youdon’trealizewhenyou’rewelloff（你自己不知道，你已经很幸运了）.

◆Ithinkyou’dbebetteroffifyoujustmovedbacktoyourmother’shouseforawhile.

8.getpossessionof—becometheowneroroccupier（ofsth.）

Examples：

◆Wedidn’tgetpossessionofthecaruntilafewdaysaftertheauction.

◆Howdidyougetpossessionofthepainting?

Words&Expressions

9.putone’smindtosth.—giveallone’sattentionto（achieving）sth.

Examples：

◆Idon’tthinkyou’reincapableofaccomplishingthattask;ifyouputyourmindtoit,youcandoit.

◆Thescientistputhismindtothemathproblemtosolveit.

10.comeupwith—findorproduce（ananswer,asolution,etc.）

Examples：

◆Scientistswillhavetocomeupwithnewmethodsofincreasingtheworld’sfoodsupply.

◆Hereceivesideas,organizesandcomesupwithinterpretationsandnewideas.

Words&Expressions

11.brushsth.off—removesth.withabrush;ignoresth.

Examples：

⏹JohnbrushedoffBill’swarningthathemightfallfromthetree.

⏹I’vetriedtomakecontactwiththeneighborsbutthey’vealwaysbrushedmeoff.

12.ontherighttrack—thinkingoractinginacorrectway

Examples：

⏹Hesolvedtheprobleminnotimebecausehestartedoutontherighttrack.

⏹We’vehadtheinitialtestresultsanditlooksasthoughwe’reontherighttrack.

Words&Expressions

13.appalledadj.—veryshockedandupsetbysomethingverybadorunpleasant

Examples：

⏹Appalledatthestateofthekitchen,shesetaboutscrubbingawaythelayersofgrimeandgrease（煤烟和油垢）.

⏹WhenIheardwhathadhappenedIwasabsolutelyappalled.

14.beineptatdoingsth.—becompletelyunskillfulatdoingsth.

Examples：

⏹InsomepartsofChina,awomanineptatstitchingwillbelaughedat.

⏹Whetherastudentisskillfulorineptatperformingthetaskdependsagreatdealontheteacher’sinstructions.

Words&Expressions

15.fallflat—（ofajoke,story,performance,etc.）failcompletelytoproducetheeffectintendedorexpected

Examples：

⏹Whatwemeanttobeafunnystoryfellcompletelyflat.

⏹Theschemeforrebuildingthecitycentrefellflat,owingtotherefusalofthecounciltosanction（批准）theexpenditureofthemoneyitwouldhaverequired.

16.fallapart—break;falltopieces

Examples：

⏹Anndidwhatshecoulddotokeepthemarriagefromfallingapart.

⏹Theonlyflawofthepoemisthattherhymefallsapartinthelastline.

Words&Expressions

17.execrableadj.—verybad;detestable

Examples：

◆Criticsblamethestudents’poortestperformancesonexecrableteaching.

◆YourhandwritingissoexecrablethatIcanhardlyreadit.

18.adroitadj.—skilful

Examples：

◆Theyarehighlyefficientandespeciallyadroitatpersuadingtheemployeestodomorework.

◆Employingsuchdevicesisafinetestofsheerwritingskill,ofcarefulandadroitmanipulationoflanguage.

Words&Expressions

19.poisen.—dignityandself-confidence

Examples：

◆Theyfeltthathelackedsufficientpoiseandconfidenceforthejob.

◆Nigelwasostentatiously（炫耀地）smokingabigcigartogiveanillusionofpoise.

20.etiquetten.—rulesforcorrectorpolitebehaviorbetweenpeopleorwithincertainprofessions

Examples：

◆Itwasconsideredabreachofetiquettetorefuseaninvitation.

◆Professionaletiquettedictatesthatjudgesshouldnotexpresstheiropinionsaboutacaseinpublic.

Words&Expressions

21.comportvt.—behave（oneself）

Examples：

◆Hecomportedhimselfinawaythatwonhimrespect.

◆Theteachertellsuswhatthingsarelike,howtheworldis,andhowweshouldcomportourselvesinit.

22.thechancesare（that）—itislikelythat

Examples：

◆Thechancesarethatshehasalreadyknownthebadnews,otherwiseshewouldn’tlooksodesperate.

◆Thechancesarethattheinsecticide（杀虫剂）isapotentialthreattomanyspeciesofbirdsandmayevenleadtotheirextinction.

Passageanalysis

◆（line9）Itisoneoftheparadoxesofsocialintercoursethatacomplimentishardertorespondtothananinsult.

Thefactthatitishardertorespondtoacomplimentthananinsultseemstobefoolishorimpossibleinsocialcommunicationbuthassometruthinit.在社会交往中，应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多，这话听起来有点矛盾，却有一定的道理。

Passageanalysis

◆（line21）ThenearestIevercametodownrightacceptanceofthisparticularcomplimentwasthetimeIsaid,“Well,welikeit.”

◆IevercamenearesttocompleteacceptanceofthisparticularcomplimentwhenIsaid,“Well,welikeit.”我在接受这种特定的恭维时，表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯，我们喜欢。

”

Passageanalysis

◆（line43）Heemploysasortofunreasonablerealism.

◆Headoptsaveryrealistbutquiteunreasonableapproach.他采取了一种不近情理的现实态度。

Passageanalysis

◆（line55）Thissortofthing,thewittyreply,oughttobeplacedundergovernmentregulation.

◆Thecleverreplyofthiskindshouldbediscouragedfrombeingoverused.

◆这种俏皮机智的应答，应该置于政府的规定之中。

Passageanalysis

◆（line101）Thereisnopointintryingtoplaythegamebackatthem—they’lltopyouintheend,nomatterwhat.

◆Itisnousetryingtomakeacleverretort—they’lleventuallysurpassyouinallsituations.

◆要想回敬他们是没有用的——不管说什么，最后他们总会占上风。

Passageanalysis

◆（line103）...atthebottomofallgracefulsocialintercourseliespoise...

◆keepingdignifiedandconfidentisthemostimportantinalldecentsocialintercourse

◆在所有得体的社交场合，最根本的就是保持镇定

◆（line109）GiventhesamecircumstancesIwouldhavequietlyaskedforacoilofrope.

◆IfIwereinthesamesituation,Iwouldhavefeltsoashamedastohangmyselfwithacoilofropewithoutbeingnoticed.

◆要是我遇到这种情况，我会感到极为窘迫，恨不得悄悄地找根绳子去上吊。

Passageanalysis

◆（line112）Ifwecouldallcomportourselveswiththatkindofdignity,andquitjittering,oursociallifewouldbemuchmoreenjoyable.

◆要是我们的行为举止都能保持这种风度，摆脱局促不安，那我们的社交生活就会有趣得多。

KeytoExercises

B.

◆要善于恭维他人，重要的一步就是要懂得为什么恭维会有助于你建立更好的人际关系。

◆Animportantstepinbecominganeffectiveflattereristounderstandwhyflatteryhelpsyouestablishbetterrelationshipswithothers.

◆恭维之所以奏效，最根本的原因是恭维符合了人类行为的一个基本原则：

人们渴望得到赏识。

◆Therootcauseofthepowerofflatterygetsat（达到）abasicprincipleofhumanbehavior：

Peoplecravebeingappreciated.

◆Powerofflatteryliesinthefactthatitfulfilsabasicprincipleofhumanbehavior:

KeytoExercises

◆尽管文化背景各不相同，但绝大多数人都有类似的想法。

◆Thevastmajorityofpeopleareofthesimilarideadespitedifferentcultures.

◆Mostpeople,thoughfromdifferentculturalbackgrounds,sharesimilarthoughts.

KeytoExercises

◆在亚洲文化中，人们对群体赏识的渴求一般要强于对个体赏识的渴求。

但不管怎样，人们渴望赏识是普遍存在的。

◆InAsianculturesthedesireforgrouprecognitionisgenerallystrongerthanthedesireforindividualrecognition.Nevertheless,theneedforrecognitionispresent/universal.

KeytoExercises

◆很多人认为，工作本身带来的乐趣要比外界赏识包括恭维更为重要。

◆Manypeopleholdthatthejoyofworkitselfismoreimportantthanexternalrecognition,includingflattery.

KeytoExercises

◆工作的乐趣也许是一种巨大的动力，但是即使是那些从工作中得到极大乐趣的人如科学家、艺术家、摄影师也渴望得到恭维和认可，否则他们就不会去竞争诺贝尔奖或在重要的展览会上展示他们的作品了。

◆Thejoyofworkmaybeapowerfulmotivator,buteventhosewhogetthebiggestjoyfromtheirwork—suchasscientists,artists,andphotographers—craveflatteryandrecognition.Otherwisetheywouldn’tcompeteforNobelPrizesorentertheirworkinimportantexhibitions.

KeytoExercises

◆恭维之所以奏效，还因为它与人们对认可的正常需要有关。

◆Anotherreasonflatteryissoeffectiverelatestothenormalneedtoberecognized（ofpeople）.

KeytoExercises

◆尽管有一些关于恭维