大学英语四 课后习题答案 浙江大学版 教参4第2课Final.docx

大学英语四 课后习题答案 浙江大学版 教参4第2课Final.docx

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大学英语四课后习题答案浙江大学版教参4第2课Final

Unit2ThePowerofWords

UsefulInformation

Atanylevelofsociety,peoplewhoaregoodwithwordsoftenhavepowerorinfluence.Thecapacitytocommunicateisavaluableassetinanysituation,whetheryouwanttoconvince,consoleorencourageothers.Tobeabletousetherightwordsattherighttimeisbothaskillandagift.

Weoftenassumethattobeagoodcommunicatoryouhavetobewelleducatedwheninfactpeoplefromallwalksoflifecancommunicateeffectively.Themostimportantaspectoftheartofcommunicatingistoknoworunderstandone’saudience.Withoutthissensitivity,itisimpossibletochoosewordsthatwillhavethedesiredimpactonthepersonorpeoplewithwhomwearespeaking.

Oneoftheadvantagesofeducationisthatitoftenenablesonetochangelevelsorregistersoflanguagemoreeasily.Whenspeakingtoapersoninapositionofauthority,wenormallyspeakdifferentlythanwewouldifwewerespeakingtoaclosefriend.Educationincreasesourvocabularyandourcapacitytoswitchfromonetypeoflanguagetoanother.Inotherwords,wecanchoosetospeakinplainandsimplelanguageorwithcomplexandsophisticatedsentences.Changingregistersdoesnotmean,ofcourse,thatthecontentofwhatwesaybecomesmoreorlessprofound.Justbecauseapersonspeaksinsimpleterms（orevenincorrectly）doesnotmeanthattheyarenotsayingsomethingimportantandprofound.Afterall,oneofthemostfamoussentencesintheEnglishlanguageisextremelysimplegrammaticallybutcomplexfromaphilosophicalpointofview:

“Tobeornottobe,thatisthequestion.”

Inourpersonallives,otherpeople’swordscanchangeourmoodorevenourattitudes.Wordsareanessentiallinkbetweenfriends,relatives,colleaguesandacquaintances.Usingkindandthoughtfulwordstomaintainandtoimproveourrelationshipsisonewaytocontributetothewell-beingofothers.Intoday’sfast-pacedworld,itisofteneasytobecomesoinvolvedwithone’sdailyexistencethatoneforgetstokeepintouchwithfriends,togivewordsofencouragementtothepeoplearoundusandtoshowthatwecareaboutthem.

Thewrittenwordisevenmorepowerfulthanthespokenwordbecauseitcanbekeptandtreasuredasapermanentreminderofapositivegestureonthepartofsomeonewekneworstillknow.Withtheadventofe-mail,letter-writinghasperhapsmadeacomeback.Providingonehasaccesstoacomputerandamodem,keepingintouchwithdistantfriendsandcolleagueshasbeenmademucheasier.

PartOne

PREPARATION

1.TheSentencesThatAffectedYou

Samples:

1）—WhenIlefthomeforcollege,mymothersaidtomewithtearsinhereyes:

Takegoodcareofyourself.

—Iloveyou.

—Iadmireyou.

—Youaresobeautiful.

2）—Youarestupid.

—Idon’tloveyouanymore.

—Youdisappointedme.

3）—Goon.

—I’msureyou’llsucceed.

—Whereveryougo,I’llberighttheresupportingyou.

2.WhatHasHappened?

Sample:

PatandTomworkinthesameofficeandaregoodfriendstoo.Onedaytheywerehavingdinnerinarestaurant.Theyweretalkingabouttheircolleague,Mary.BothofthemthoughtthatMarywasadisagreeableperson,andnoteasytogetalongwith.TheyevenmentionedthatonceMarysuspectedhercolleaguehadstolenherpurse,butinfactshehadleftitinthebus.Whentheyweretalking,theydidn’trealizethatMaryhappenedtobethere,too.

Then,Marystompedangrilyoutoftherestaurant.Atthatmoment,PatrealizedthatMaryhadlistenedtotheirconversationandheardwhattheyhadbeensayingabouther.Patwasveryembarrassed.Sheputherhandtohermouth,wishingthattheyhadn’tsaidanythingabouther.

3.DialectsandMandarin（Putonghua）

1）（open）

2）（open）

3）Sampleanswers:

—ThegreatmajorityofChinesepeopleshouldbeabletospeakMandarinbecausedialectscanbeunderstoodonlybysmallgroupsofpeople.Whenwegotoadifferentcity,wehavetospeakMandarinifwedon’tknowthelocaldialect.Otherwise,peoplewon’tunderstandusandthere’llbealotoftroubleandinconvenience.NotonlyisMandarinimportantforourworkandlife,itisalsoimportantforentertainment.Ifwedon’tunderstandMandarin,wewon’tbeabletoenjoyTVprograms,radioprogramsandmovies,becausetheyareusuallyinMandarin.

—Tome,dialectsareimportantinmanyways.Peoplespeakingthesamedialectfeelclosetoeachother.Usuallytheyarefromthesameregionandhavemoreincommon.Whenyoutalkaboutaparticulareventorcustominyourhometown,veryoftenyou’llfindithardtoexpressyourselfinMandarin.Atthattime,you’llfindyourdialecthasmorevividexpressionsthanMandarin.Besides,dialectscanhelpyourecognizefellowtownsmenorfellowprovincials.Youcanidentifythembythedialecttheyspeakortheaccenttheyhave.Sometimeswhenyouareindifficulty,y