专题五 阅读补全七选五.docx
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专题五阅读补全七选五
专题五 阅读补全(七选五)
【考纲解读】
卷名
考点
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
课标Ⅰ
课标Ⅱ
课标Ⅲ
课标Ⅰ
课标Ⅱ
课标Ⅲ
课标Ⅰ
课标Ⅱ
课标Ⅰ
课标Ⅱ
课标Ⅰ
课标Ⅱ
主旨句
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
0
1
1
0
1
过渡句
3
2
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
细节句
1
2
2
2
1
3
2
4
3
3
4
3
考点
内容
阅读补全主要考查考生对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑的理解和掌握。
分析解读
阅读补全即“七选五”题型,它要求考生在一篇留有5个空白约300词的短文中,根据文章结构、内容,从所给的7个选项中选出最佳答案,填入相应的空白处,使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。
这种题型突出考查考生的语篇结构分析能力,属于对语言使用范畴及语言组织规律的考查,即对文章篇章结构的考查。
【命题探究】
(2017课标全国Ⅱ)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Interruptionsareoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyouretryingtogetworkdone. 1 ,thereareseveralwaystohandlethings.Letstakealookatthemnow.
2 .Tellthepersonyouresorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskifthetwoofyoucantalkatadifferenttime.
Whenpeopletrytointerruptyou,havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyoullfindthemthen. 3 .Itcanhelptoeliminate(消除)futureinterruptions.
Whenyouneedtotalktosomeone,dontdoitinyourownoffice. 4 ,itsmucheasiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouare.
命题方法
命题人从一篇文章(说明文)中抽出主旨句、过渡句及细节句进行命题,其中以从事实细节方面命题的比例较大。
精准审题
通过扫读方法了解本文为说明文,介绍了在工作中如何避免被干扰的方法。
文章架构属于“总——分”形式。
解题步骤
1.通过设题位置判断
(1)段首设空一般找能概括本文中心意思的选项。
(2)段尾设空一般找能总结归纳该段的选项。
2.根据语境线索判断。
语境线索主要指反应上下文关系的衔接手段,如篇章结构、词语重现、逻辑、连接、指代、同构等。
(1)“词语重现”不仅指词语的简单出现,而且指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。
(2)“逻辑”指事物之间存在的必然的关系,包括时间先后关系、空间位置关系、因果关系、归纳总结关系、总分关系等。
(3)“连接”是指用连接词或连接语表明上下文之间的逻辑关系,如and,however,therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,inaword等词语。
(4)“指代”是指用代词代替前文提到过的人物、事件、物品等,如it,he,she,they等。
(5)“同构”是指上下文使用同一结构或类似的句子。
Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit. 5 .Ifsomeoneknocksanditsnotanimportantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyourebusysotheycangetthehint(暗示)thatwhenthedoorisclosed,yourenottobedisturbed.①
A.Ifyourebusy,dontfeelbadaboutsayingno
B.Whenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatwork
C.Setboundariesforyourselfasfarasyourtimegoes
D.Ifyoureintheotherpersonsofficeorinapublicarea
E.Itsimportantthatyouletthemknowwhenyoullbeavailable
F.Itmightseemunkindtocutpeopleshortwhentheyinterruptyou
G.Leaveitopenwhenyoureavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyourenot
高效解题
第1题:
本空在第一段,本段是总体概括并引出下文。
空格处为从句,空格后的句子为主句,只有B、D两项符合要求。
本段第1个词Interruptions与B项中的interruptions属于词语重现,故答案为B项。
从第2段开始作者分别介绍了免受干扰的几个方法。
第2题:
第2空在段首,为本段主题句,根据下面的支撑句结合A项中的“dontfeelbadaboutsayingno”可推知答案为A项。
第3题:
本段首句(当人们想干扰你,安排好时间,告诉他们在那个时间来或在那个时间你去找他们)为本段主题句,第3空是对上句的进一步说明,E项中“letthemknowwhenyoullbeavailable”与上句中的“letthemknowtocomebackduringthattime”为同构形式,故答案为E项。
第4题:
第1句中“dontdoitinyourownoffice”与D项中的otherpersonsoffice相对应,故答案为D项。
此外根据句子结构可知本空为状语从句,设空处后为主句,选项中只有B、D两项符合,再根据词汇复现现象,很容易得出答案为D项。
第5题:
本段的主题是充分利用办公室的门(door),G项中的it指代上句中的door,此外G项中的open与door也有关系,故答案为G项。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.E 4.D 5.G
【注释】
①Ifsomeoneknocks
anditsnotanimportantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyourebusysotheycangetthehint(暗示)thatwhenthedoorisclosed,yourenottobedisturbed.如果有人敲门,并且不是重要的事情,那你就为自己找个理由,让这个人知道你很忙,这样他们就会得到这种暗示:
当门关着的时候,你不想被干扰。
if引导条件状语从句。
在主句中,yourebusy是know的宾语;so(that)引导目的状语从句,其中包含一个that引导的同位语从句,解释说明hint的内容。
同时同位语从句中又包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句。
【五年高考】
Passage1(2017课标全国Ⅰ)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme. 1
Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer. 2 Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctorsbillformysonsfoodpoisoning.
Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness. 3 Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.
4 Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.
5 Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.
A.Thistimetherewasnotent.
B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.
C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.
D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.
E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.
F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.
G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.
答案
1.D
2.C
3.A
4.F
5.E
Passage2(2017课标全国Ⅲ)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwake-upliesinresettingyourbodyclock. 1 Hereshowtomakeone.
● 2 Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyitsimportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?
Onceyouareclearaboutyourreasons,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.
●Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerre-arrangingyourmorningactivities.Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes,andbags. 3 Thatsaquarter-hourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer.
●Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.IfyouretiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound. 4
●Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryouvetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord. 5 Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.
A.Getasleepspecialist.
B.Findtherightmotivation.
C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.
D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.
E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.
F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.
G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.
答案
1.C
2.B
3.G
4.F
5.E
Passage3(2017浙江)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
HowtoDoMan-on-the-StreetInterviews
Theman-on-the-streetinterviewisaninterviewinwhichareporterhitsthestreetswithacameramantointerviewpeopleonthespot. 1 Butwiththesetips,yourfirstman-on-the-streetinterviewexperiencecanbeeasy.
·Whenyourbossorprofessorsendsyououttodoman-on-the-streetinterviewsforastory,thinkaboutthetopicanddevelopalistofabouttengeneralquestionsrelatingtoit.Forexample,ifyourtopicisaboutenvironmentalproblemsinAmerica,youmightask,“WhydoyouthinkenvironmentalprotectionisimportantinAmerica?
” 2
·Hitthestreetswithconfidence. 3 Say,“Excuseme,IworkforXYZNews,andIwaswonderingifyoucouldshareyouropinionaboutthistopic.”Thisisaquickwaytogetpeopletowarmuptoyou.
·Moveontothenextpersonifsomeonetellsyousheisnotinterestedintalkingoncamera.Dontgetdiscouraged.
· 4 Eachinterviewthatyougetonthestreetshouldntbelongerthantenminutes.Assoonasyougettheansweryouneed,moveontothenextperson.Makesurethatasyougofrominterviewtointerview,youaregettingavarietyofanswers.Ifeveryoneisgivingyouthesameanswer,youwontbeabletouseit.Asafenumberofinterviewstoconductisaboutsixtoten. 5
·Ifyournewsstationorschoolrequiresintervieweestosignreleaseformstoappearontheair,dontleaveworkwithoutthem.
A.Limityourtime.
B.Asyouapproachpeople,bepolite.
C.Ifyoudontownacamera,youcanbuyone.
D.Fornewreporters,thiscanseemlikeachallengingtask.
E.Togetgoodandusefulresults,askthemthesamequestion.
F.Thatnumberofinterviewsshouldgiveyoualltheanswersyouneed.
G.Withaquestionlikethis,youwillgetmorethana“Yes”or“No”reply.
答案
1.D
2.G
3.B
4.A
5.F
Passage4(2017北京)
根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth. 1
Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories. 2 Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加强)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.
Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神经元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday. 3
Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright. 4 Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.
IfTononistheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanightssleep,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentr