高考英语一轮复习北京专用检测高考题组训练专题十五 逻辑结构题Word版含答案.docx
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高考英语一轮复习北京专用检测高考题组训练专题十五逻辑结构题Word版含答案
专题十五 逻辑结构题
Passage1(2016北京,D)
WhyCollegeIsNotHome
Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However,nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.
Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasadecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededtocomefrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.
Toprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility,collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation.Thisprocessinvolves“tryingon”newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbothintellectually(在思维方面)andpersonally.Whileweshouldprovide“safespaces”withincolleges,wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinionsandchallengemajorityviews.Intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredbystrictdebateandquestioning.
Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.Becauseacollegecommunity(群体)differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging.Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity.
Moreover,thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviorrunsupagainstanothercharacteristicofyoungadults:
theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders.Ifacceptablesocialbehavioristoostrictlydefined(规定)andcontrolled,theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged.
Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.Ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency.Whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescents’desireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld.Therefore,thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth.
Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandself-regulation,ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandself-discovery.
1.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?
A.Sympathetic.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.
2.Theunderlinedword“passage”inParagraph2means .
A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension
3.Accordingtotheauthor,whatroleshouldcollegeplay?
A.Todevelopasharedidentityamongstudents.
B.Todefineandregulatestudents’socialbehavior.
C.Toprovideasafeworldwithouttensionforstudents.
D.Tofosterstudents’intellectualandpersonaldevelopment.
4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?
I:
Introduction P:
Point Sp:
Sub-point(次要点)C:
Conclusion
Passage2(2015北京,D)
Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflife,mostlyforthebetter.However,socialchangesthatarebroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.
Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollege.Surveys(调查)onthistopicsuggestthatparentstodaycontinuetobe“very”or“somewhat”overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattoday’sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren’slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.
However,greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheir“adult”children.
Inthecontext(背景)ofthisdiscussion,itseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthecaseofparents’involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.Ifparentsofearliergenerationshadwantedtobeintouchwiththeircollege-agechildrenfrequently,wouldthishavebeenpossible?
Probablynot.Ontheotherhand,doesthepossibilityoffrequentcommunicationtodaymeanthattheurgetodosowasn’tpresentagenerationago?
Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today’sgrandparents—wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.
Furthermore,studiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofcommunicationbetweenparentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarefinanciallydependentontheirparentsisnothingnew;norarerequestsformoremoneytobesentfromhome.Thisphenomenonisneithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelife,todayandinthepast.
Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.Thishasmanyimplicationswellbeyondtherolethatparentsseemtoplayinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohaveleftforcollege.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.
1.Thesurveysinformusof .
A.thedevelopmentoftechnology
B.thechangesofadultchildren’sbehavior
C.theparents’over-protectionoftheircollegechildren
D.themeansandexpensesofstudents’communication
2.Thewriterbelievesthat .
A.parentstodayaremoreprotectivethanthoseinthepast
B.thedisadvantagesofnewtechnologyoutweighitsadvantages
C.technologyexplainsgreaterparentalinvolvementwiththeirchildren
D.parents’changedattitudesleadtocollegechildren’sdelayedindependence
3.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.TechnologyorAttitudeB.DependenceorIndependence
C.FamilyInfluencesorSocialChangesD.CollegeManagementorCommunicationAdvancement
4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?
I:
Introduction P:
Point Sp:
Sub-point(次要点)
C:
Conclusion
Passage3(2012北京,D)
Wilderness
“Inwilderness(荒野)isthepreservationoftheworld.”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection:
whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.
AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout,thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild,theuntouched;morethananythingelse,theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong,andthedangerexploitation(开发)bringstosuchlandscapes(景观)isreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed—therainforests,forexample,storecarboninvastquantities.ToMr.Sauven,these“ecosystemservices”faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation.
LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation.ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth,andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives,ratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival.Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved,thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials,andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide,theargumentgoes,thereisnofurtherreasonnottodoso.Beinguntouchedisnot,initself,acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers.
Ilookforwardtoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther,andtotheirbeingchallengedbytheotherparticipants.Onechallengethatsuggestsitselftomeisthatbothcasesneedtotakeonthequestionofspiritualvaluealittlemoredirectly.Andthereisapracticalquestionastowhetherwildernessescanbeexploitedwithoutharm.
Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings,butalsotheguidanceofreason.Whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldobviouslydeservesmuchmoreseriousthinking.
1.JohnSauvenholdsthat .
A.manypeoplevaluenaturetoomuchB.exploitationofwildernessesisharmful
C.wildernessesprovidehumanswithnecessitiesD.theurgetodeveloptheecosystemservicesisstrong
2.WhatisthemainideaofPara.3?
A.Theexploitationisnecessaryforthepoorpeople.
B.Wildernessescannotguaranteebetteruseofrawmaterials.
C.Usefulservicesofwildernessesarenotthereasonfornoexploitation.
D.Allthecharacteristicsconcerningtheexploitationshouldbetreatedequally.
3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthisdebate?
A.Objective.B.Disapproving.
C.Sceptical.D.Optimistic.
4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?
CP:
CentralPoint P:
Point Sp:
Sub-point(次要点) C:
Conclusion
Passage4(2010北京,A)
Goldie’sSecret
SheturnedupatthedoorstepofmyhouseinCornwall.NowaycouldIhavesentheraway.Noway,notmeanyway.Maybesomeonehadkickedheroutoftheircarthenightbefore.“We’removinghouse.”“Nospaceforheranymorewiththebabycoming.”“Weneverreallywantedher,butwhatcouldwehavedone?
Shewasapresent.”Peoplefindallsortsofexcusesforabandoningananimal.AndshewasoneofthemostbeautifuldogsIhadeverseen.
IcalledherGoldie.IfIhadknownwhat