高中英语阅读理解专题有答案.docx
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高中英语阅读理解专题有答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Yourteenagebestfriendcouldbegoodforyourlong-termmentalhealth,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalChildDevelopmentAccordingtothefindings,teenagersaged15to16whohadaclosefriendshipratherthanalargergroupoffriendstheywerelessclosetohadagreatersenseofself-worthbythetimetheywere25yearsold.Thosepeoplewithaveryclosebestfriendwerealsolesslikelytoexperiencedepressionandsocialanxiety,thestudyfound.
"Closefriendshipstrengthinmid-adolescencepredictedrelativeincreasesinself-worthanddecreasesinanxietyanddepressivesymptomsbyearlyadulthood,"theauthors,ledbyRachelK,Narr,apostdoctoralstudentfocusedonclinicalpsychologyattheUniversityofVirginia,wrote.
Apastresearchhassuggestedthatadolescentfriendshipsareimportant.Friendshipsduringtheteenageyearspredictacademicsuccessandimprovedmentalhealth.Butthenewresearchfurtherexploresthetypeoffriendshipsteenagershave."Myhunch(预感)wasthatclosefriendshipscomparedtobroaderfriendshipgroupsandpopularitymaynotfunctionthesameway,"NarrtoldQuartz."Beingsuccessfulinoneisnotthesameasbeingsuccessfulintheother."
Manystudyparticipantsdidnotcontinuetohaveacloserelationshipwiththeirhigh-schoolbestfriend,leadingtheresearcherstowonderwhatexactlywasresponsibleforthementalhealthbenefits.Theysuspectedthattheskillsandabilitytobuildsuchafriendshipmaybemoreimportantthanthefriendshipitself.
Andastheresearcherspointout,thoseskillsarenotnecessarilybroughttobearintheworldofsocialmedia."Astechnologymakesitincreasinglyeasytobuildasocialnetworkofshallowfriends,focusingtimeandattentionondevelopingcloseconnectionswithafewindividualsshouldbeapriority,"studyco-authorJosephAllensaidinastatement.
(1)Whatisthebenefitofhavingacloseteenagefriendship?
A. Excellentperformanceinhighschool.
B. Alargergroupoffriends.
C. Mentalhealthbyearlyadulthood.
D. Alargesocialnetworkinthefuture.
(2)Whatcanwelearnaboutthepastresearch?
A. Itattachedgreatsignificancetoadolescentfriendships.
B. Itwastotallydifferentfromthenewresearch.
C. Ithelpedimproveteenagers'mentalhealth.
D. Itcomparedbroaderfriendshipgroupswithpopularity.
(3)Whatdidtheresearchersthinkmightleadtothementalhealthbenefits?
A. Notcontinuingtohaveacloserelationship.
B. Havingabestfriendinhighschool.
C. Understandingtheworldofsocialmedia.
D. Knowinghowtobuildaclosefriendship
(4)WhatdidtheresearcherJosephsuggest?
A. Learningtousesocialmedia.
B. Broadeningyoursocialcircle.
C. Improvingtheskillsofmakingfriends.
D. Concentratingonhigh-qualityrelationship.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)A
(3)D
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,研究发现,那些有非常亲密的好朋友的人也不太可能经历抑郁和社交焦虑。
与过去的研究认为友谊很重要相比,这项新研究进一步探索了青少年之间的友谊类型。
研究人员发现知道如何建立亲密的友谊可能比友谊本身更重要。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的”Yourteenagebestfriendcouldbegoodforyourlong-termmentalhealth,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalChildDevelopment.“根据发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究,你十几岁时最好的朋友可能对你的长期心理健康有好处。
可知,青少年亲密的友谊对精神健康有益。
故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的”Apastresearchhassuggestedthatadolescentfriendshipsareimportant.“过去的一项研究表明,青少年间的友谊很重要,可知,过去的研究非常重视青少年间的友谊。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的”Theysuspectedthattheskillsandabilitytobuildsuchafriendshipmaybemoreimportantthanthefriendshipitself.“他们怀疑建立这种友谊的技巧和能力可能比友谊本身更重要,可知,研究人员认为知道如何建立亲密的友谊会带来心理健康益处。
故选D。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的"‘Astechnologymakesitincreasinglyeasytobuildasocialnetworkofshallowfriends,focusingtimeandattentionondevelopingcloseconnectionswithafewindividualsshouldbeapriority,’studyco-authorJosephAllensaidinastatement.”研究报告的撰写者之一JosephAllen在一份声明中说:
“随着科技的发展,建立浅层次朋友的社交网络变得越来越容易,因此,把时间和精力集中在与少数人建立密切联系上应该是优先考虑的事情。
”可知,研究人员JosephAllen建议把时间和精力集中在于一些人发展亲密关系是应该是重中之重,即发展高质量的友谊。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Waterisanecessityoflife.Rain,especially,helpsplantsgrowandstaygreen.Buttoomuchrain,especiallyincities,canleadtoflooding.Thatcancausewastewatersystemstooverflowandsendpollutantsintoriversandotherwaterways.Tofighttheproblem,severalcitiesintheUnitedStatesarestartingprogramslikerooftopgardens.
AteamattheUniversityoftheDistrictofColumbiainthenation'scapitalhascreatedagardenonthetopofoneschoolbuilding.Thegardenholdsmanykindsofplantstohelpabsorbrainwaterandgrowfoodatthesametime.ArchitectDavidBellhasdesignedfive"greenroofs"fortheuniversity.Hesaysheisexcitedabouttheprojectbecause"itmeantdoingsomethingmorethanjustdealingwithstormwatermanagement.Ittookadvantageofaresourceabovethecityandtheseflatroofsthataren'tdoinganythingreallybecamesomethingthatwasabouturbanagriculture."Rainwateriscollectedinlargecontainersandsentthroughasystemthatwaterstherooftopgarden.Theroofisfilledwithgreenlifethatappealstoinsects.
Incities,"youdon'thavethatmanyspacestochoosefromandsorooftopsarejust(unused)space,"saysCaitlinArlotta.Sheisastudentintheschool'sUrbanAgricultureprogram.Theprojectispartofaresearchprogramtoseewhichplantsdowellonrooftops.Theresearchersarelookingatplantsincludingstrawberries,tomatoesandsweetpotatoes.Theuniversityalsohasothergreenspaces."Wealsohaveourownfarmexperiments,"Arlottasaid."Withineachofthosegrowingsystems,wewanttobeabletotellpeoplewhichsortsofthesecropsgrowthebest."
SandyFarberBandierhelpsrunUDC'sMasterGardenerprogram.ItseekstoimprovecitiesandmakethembeautifulbytrainingpeopletobecomeMasterGardeners.Shesaysshe'sbeensurprisedbythegarden'soutput."Mybiggestsurprisewasthatweproduced4,250poundsofproducethefirstyearandwasabletospreadthattopeopleinneed."ShealsolikesbeingabletoshowpeoplewholiveinD.C.andothersbeyondthenation'scapitalwhatandhowfoodcanbegrownonarooftop."Thisisthefutureforfood.Yougrowithere,youprepareitinacommercialkitchen,youdistributethroughfarmersmarkets,foodtrucks,andthenyourecycle."
(1)Whatdoweknowabouttherooftopgardens?
A. Rooftopgardensareverycommoninaverageneighborhoods.
B. Therearemanysortsofplantstherewhichhelptakeinrainwater.
C. They'replayinganimportantroleinthecity'sfoodsupply.
D. Rooftopgardensarenomorethancontainerstocollectrainwater.
(2)WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?
A. Rooftopscanofferenoughspacetoplantcrops.
B. Manyplantslikestrawberriescangrowwellonrooftops.
C. SomeuniversitystudentsareparticipatingintheUrbanAgricultureprogram.
D. Theplantsinrooftopgardensareattractivetomanyinsects.
(3)HowdoesSandyFarberBandierfeelaboutthefutureofrooftopgardens?
A. Confident.
B. Doubtful.
C. Worried.
D. Ambiguous.
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A. RainwaterNecessityforPlantLife
B. GreenRoofs-TheFutureofUrbanAgriculture
C. TheUnitedStates'AgricultureProgram
D. RooftopGardens-FoodParadise
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。
美国由于雨水过多,为了避免浪费,美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。
在大学校舍的顶部建造花园,种植多种植物吸收雨水,利用城市上空的一种资源,成为了城市农业的一部分。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"Thegardenholdsmanykindsofplantstohelpabsorbrainwaterandgrowfoodatthesametime."可知,花园里有多种植物,可以帮助吸收雨水,故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Sheisastudentintheschool'sUrbanAgricultureprogram...Theresearchersarelookingatplantsincludingstrawberries,tomatoesandsweetpotatoes.Theuniversityalsohasothergreenspaces.‘Wealsohaveourownfarmexperiments’。
”可知,凯特琳·阿洛塔是该校都市农业计划的学生。
"研究人员正在研究包括草莓、西红柿和甘薯在内的植物。
这所大学还有其他绿地。
","我们也有自己的农场实验",由此可推断出有许多大学生正在参与这项城市农业计划。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“ShealsolikesbeingabletoshowpeoplewholiveinD.C.andothersbeyondthenation'scapitalwhat andhow foodcanbegrownonarooftop.‘Thisisthefutureforfood.Yougrowithere,youprepareitinacommercialkitchen,youdistributethroughfarmersmarkets,foodtrucks,andthenyourecycle.’"SandyFarberBandier喜欢向住在华盛顿特区和首都以外地区的人们展示在屋顶上可以种植什么以及如何种植食物。
她认为"这是食品的未来。
你在这里种植,在商业厨房里准备,通过农贸市场分发。
食品卡车,然后回收利用。
"由此可推断出她对于屋顶花园的未来很自信。
故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。
第一段说美国由于雨水过多,为了避免浪费,美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。
接着下文进行了详细介绍了在大学校舍的顶部建造花园,种植多种植物吸收雨水,利用城市上空的一种资源,成为了城市农业的一部分,有人认为这是未来的食物。
由此可知,本文主要叙述了绿色屋顶城市农业的未来。
综观全文可知,文中greenroofs(绿色屋顶)贯穿全文,第一段最后一句greenroofs(绿色屋顶)是建在城市的农业(UrbanAgriculture),故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Duringyourfouryearsinthecollege,you'llhavemanyexcitingchoicestomake,thefirstofwhichwillbeyourcourseselectionforyourfirstsemester.Thebeautyofthischoiceisthatyoucan'tgowrong!
NomatterwhichoneofourFirst-YearOptionsyouselecttoapplyfor,youwillcreatearichintellectualexperiencetobeginyourcollegecareer.
Option1:
LiberalArtsSeminar
TheLiberalArtsSeminarisamultidisciplinary(多学科的)coursethatexplorestheculturalhistoryoftheMediterraneanthroughfictionalandnonfictionalbooks.
Fallschedule:
WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectbetweenoneandfouradditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.
Option2:
FLLHagerScholarsProgram
TheFLLHagerScholarsProgramisdesignedwithourmostambitiousstudentsoflanguagesandlinguisticsinmind,andisdesignedtocreateforthembothasenseofcommunityandopportunitiesforint