一轮复习最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习附答案.docx

一轮复习最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习附答案.docx

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一轮复习最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习附答案

一轮复习最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习（附答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Haveyoueverimaginedwhatitwouldbeliketoseetheworldthroughananimal'seyes?

Forexample,whatachimpanzeeseesasitsitsatthetopofatree,orapenguin'sviewasitdivesintotheseatocatchitsdinner?

   ThesequestionsareansweredinthenaturedocumentaryAnimalswithCameras,producedbytheBBC.Thethree-partserieswasfirstairedintheUKlastmonth.Toexploreanimalstories"told"bytheanimalsthemselves,thedocumentary'sfilmmakersworkedwithscientiststodevelopcamerasthatwildanimalscouldwear.

   "Neverbeforehaveweseensuchhigh-qualityfootage（连续镜头）directlyfromtheanimal'spointofview,"BBCNatureexecutiveproducerFredKaufmantoldPBS."Thisminiseriesgreatlyexpandsourcomprehensionofanimalbehaviorandthiscameratechnologyopensupnewpossibilitiesfordiscoveringsomuchmore."

   Indeed,thegroundbreakingtechnologyprovidesanewviewpointoftheanimalkingdom.Newcameraswithenoughbatterylifetoshootforhoursatatimeweredesignedtobecomfortableenoughforanimalstowear,accordingtothedocumentary'scameradesignerChrisWatts.

   Thetechnicalchallengesdidn'tstopthere.Someanimalswereverycuriousabouttheequipment,withsomeevenfightingeachotherforthechancetowearacamera.Inthecaseofchimpanzees,"wehadtocreatedummy（仿造的）cameras,sothateverychimpanzeecouldgetone",theminiseries'wildlifecameramanGordonBuchanantoldLiveScience.

   Foranimalsthatwerecomfortableenoughtobewithhumanbeings,thecamerascouldbefittedandremovedbyhand.Butforothers,thecamerascameoffautomaticallyusingatimedreleaseandwerecollectedafterward.Thismeantthatthecamerasneededtobeastoughaspossible.

   Toavoiddisturbingtheanimals,scientistswhoweregoodatdealingwithwildlifecametohelpbyputtingthecamerasontheanimals."Thelastthingwewanttodoiscausethemdistress."thedocumentary'sproducerDanReestoldtheBBC."Tofollowananimalinthefirstplace,therehadtobeaclearbenefitintermsofknowledgeaboutitthatmightbeusefultoprotectingaspeciesinthefuture.

   Theireffortscertainlypaidoff."Footagethatcaptures（捕捉）theserareandexcitingglimpsesofanimalsbiddenhabitsisimportanttoscientists,butdocumentarieslikeAnimalswithCamerasalsoresonatewith（引起共鸣）audiences,connectingthemwiththebeauty-anddanger-ofwildlifeintheirnaturalenvironments,"LiveSciencenoted.

（1）Accordingtothetext,AnimalswithCameras      .

A.isadocumentarymadebywildlifeexperts

B.presentshigh-qualityfootageofanimalsforthefirsttime

C.showswildlifefromtheuniqueviewpointofanimals

D.mainlyrecordsthelifeofchimpanzeesandpenguins

（2）Thecaseofchimpanzeesisusedto     .

A.reflecttheweaknessofthecameratechnology

B.presenthowfilmmakersputcamerasonchimpanzees

C.explainwhychimpanzeeswereattractedbytheequipment

D.showhowfilmmakersdealtwiththechallengesinshooting

（3）Toavoiddisturbingtheanimals,filmmakers     .

A.setupaprotectedareaforthemtolivein

B.invitedscientiststohelpequipthemwithcameras

C.madethecameraslooklikeanimalsindisguise

D.fittedandremovedthecamerasbyhand

（4）Theauthor'sattitudetowardthedocumentarycanbedescribedas      .

A.changing

B.supportive

C.cautious

D.pessimistic

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究人员使用最新的相机技术，让人们从动物的视角看世界。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"Toexploreanimalstories‘told’bytheanimalsthemselves,thedocumentary'sfilmmakersworkedwithscientiststodevelopcamerasthatwildanimalscouldwear."可知研究人员让动物带上相机来拍摄野生动物的世界。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的"Thetechnicalchallengesdidn'tstopthere.Someanimalswereverycuriousabouttheequipment,withsomeevenfightingeachotherforthechancetowearacamera."可知很多动物对这种相机非常好奇，甚至会为佩戴相机而打斗。

这就需要人们把这些相机制造得更加牢固，以便更好地拍摄。

第五段最后所列举的猩猩的例子正是为了证明这一点。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的"Toavoiddisturbingtheanimals,scientistswhoweregoodatdealingwithwildlifecametohelpbyputtingthecamerasontheanimals."可知为了避免妨碍动物，研究人员邀请科学家帮助他们给动物带上相机。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Footagethatcaptures（捕捉）theserareandexcitingglimpsesofanimalsbiddenhabitsisimportanttoscientists,butdocumentarieslikeAnimalswithCamerasalsoresonatewith（引起共鸣）audiences,connectingthemwiththebeauty-anddanger-ofwildlifeintheirnaturalenvironments"可知作者认为这种相机拍摄的连续镜头对于科学研究十分重要，这种纪录片能够引起观众的共鸣，让人们欣赏到美景，也让他们意识到自然环境下野生动物面临的危险。

这些说明作者对这一纪录片持支持态度。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Thenewsocialrobots,includingJibo,Cozmo,KuriandMeccanoM.A.X.,bearsomeresemblancetoassistantslikeApple'sSiri,buttheserobotscomewithsomethingmore.Theyaredesignedtowinusovernotwiththeirsmartsbutwiththeirpersonality.Theyaresoldascompanionsthatdomorethantalktous.Timemagazinehailed（称赞）therobotsthat"couldfundamentallyreshapehowweinteractwithmachines."Butisreshapinghowweinteractwithmachinesagoodthing,especiallyforchildren?

   Someresearchersinfavoroftherobotsdon'tseeaproblemwiththis.Peoplehaverelationshipswithmanykindsofthings.Somesayrobotsarejustanotherthingwithwhichwecanhaverelationships.Tosupporttheirargument,roboticistssometimespointtohowchildrendealwithtoydolls.Childrenanimate（赋予…生命）dollsandturnthemintoimaginaryfriends.Jibo,inasense,willbeonemoreimaginaryfriend,andarguablyamoreintelligentandfunone.

   Gettingattachedtodollsandsociablemachinesisdifferent,though.Today'srobotstellchildrenthattheyhaveemotions,friendships,evendreamstoshare.Inreality,thewholegoaloftherobotsisemotionaltrickery.Forinstance,Cozmotherobotneedstobefed,repairedandplayedwith.BorisSofman,thechiefexecutiveofAnki,thecompanybehindCozmo,saysthattheideaistocreate"adeeperanddeeperemotionalconnection...Andifyouneglecthim,youfeelthepainofthat."Whatisthepointofthis,exactly?

Whatdoesitmeantofeelthepainofneglectingsomethingthatfeelsnopainatbeingneglected,ortofeelangeratbeingneglectedbysomethingthatdoesn'tevenknowitisneglectingyou?

   Thisshouldnotbeouronlyconcern.Itistroublingthattheserobotstrytoempathizewithchildren.Empathyallowsustoputourselvesintheplaceofothers,toknowwhattheyarefeeling.Robots,however,havenoemotionstoshare,andtheycannotputthemselvesinourplace.Nomatterwhatroboticcreatures"say"orsqueak,theydon'tunderstandouremotionallives.Theypresentthemselvesasempathymachines,buttheyaremissingtheessentialequipment.Theyhavenotbeenborn,theydon'tknowpain,ordeath,orfear.Robotthinkingmaybethinking,butrobotfeelingisneverfeeling,androbotloveisneverlove.

   Whatisalsotroublingisthatchildrentakerobots'behaviortoindicatefeelings.Whentherobotsinteractwiththem,childrentakethisasevidencethattherobotslikethem,andwhenrobotsdon'tworkwhenneeded,childrenalsotakeitpersonally.Theirrelationshipswiththerobotsaffecttheirself-esteem（自尊）.Inonestudy,an8-year-oldboyconcludedthattherobotstoppedtalkingtohimbecausetherobotlikedhisbrothersbetter.

   Forsolong,wedreamedofartificialintelligenceofferingusnotonlysimplehelpbutconversationandcare.Nowthatourdreamisbecomingreal,itistimetodealwiththeemotionaldownsideoflivingwithrobotsthat"feel."

（1）HowarethenewsocialrobotsdifferentfromSiri?

A. Theyareintendedtoteachchildrenhowtotalk.

B. Theyaredesignedtoattractpeoplewiththeirsmarts.

C. Theirmainfunctionistoevaluatechildren'spersonality.

D. Theyhaveanewwaytocommunicatewithhumanbeings.

（2）InParagraph3Cozmoisusedasanexampletoshowthatthesocialrobots______.

A. aredeeplyconnectedwithhumanbeings

B. areunabletobuildarealrelationshipwithchildren

C. aresoadvancedthattheycanfeelthepainofhumanbeings

D. arenotgoodenoughtocarryouttheinstructionsofchildren

（3）Theunderlinedphrase"essentialequipment"inParagraph4refersto______.

A. emotion                                

B. pain                                

C. fear                                

D. thinking

（4）Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?

I:

Introduction   P:

Point   Sp:

Sub-point（次要点） C:

Conclusion

A. 

                                             B. 

C. 

D. 

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，新的社交机器人与以往机器人不同，他们不仅比我们聪明还有他们的个性。

时代周刊称它彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式。

但是对这种改变有的科学家赞同而有很多人也很担忧。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“ Thenewsocialrobots,includingJibo,Cozmo,KuriandMeccanoM.A.X.,bearsomeresemblancetoassistantslikeApple'sSiri,buttheserobotscomewithsomethingmore. ”可知，新的社交机器人与像苹果的Siri这样的助理有相同之处，但比它们有更多功能；再根据第一段中的“Timemagazinehailed（称赞）therobotsthat“couldfundamentallyreshapehowweinteractwithmachines.”可知，社交机器人彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式，可以推知以一种新的方式与人们交流互动。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

Cozmo是第三段的举例，举例肯定是用来证明本段或者其前边的观点的。

本段的中心是“Gettingattachedtodollsandsociablemachinesisdifferent,though.”与洋娃娃相处与与社交机器相处是不同的；再根据第三段中的“Whatdoesitmeantofeelthepainofneglectingsomethingthatfeelsnopainatbeingneglected,ortofeelangeratbeingneglectedbysomethingthatdoesn'tevenknowitisneglectingyou?

”你觉得忽略了机器人而难受，但是机器人并不会感觉被忽略，或者你感觉机器人冷落了你而难受但是机器人根本不知道它冷落了你，这些意味着什么呢？

可知，社交机器人并不能真的跟小朋友建立感情。

故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中的“Theyhavenotbeenborn,theydon'tknowpain,ordeath,orfear.Robotthinkingmaybethinking,butrobotfeelingisneverfeeling,androbotloveisneverlove.”可知，社交机器人不知道