Genitive Noun名词属格.docx
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GenitiveNoun名词属格
GenitiveNoun名词属格
1Rulesofformationofgenitivenouns
2Meaningsofgenitivenouns
3Genitiveandof-phrase
2.Independentgenitive,post-genitiveanddoublegenitive
1Independentgenitive
2
Post-genitiveanddoublegenitive1(A-B‘s:
law‘sdeath2(A‘sand(B‘s:
e.g.Mary‘sandBob‘sbooks,
3(Aand(B‘s:
haveine.g.HelenandMary‘sschool.(thesameschool
4(with[z]soundending:
e.g.Jones‘sletter/Jones‘letter
9.Independentgenitiveanddoublegenitive
1Independentgenitive:
(独立属格
AWhentheheadnounsomewhere,weshouldomitthesecondsamenoun.
e.g.Hermemoryislikeanelephant‘s.(独立属格
Mary‘sisthelargesthouse.
BWhentheheadnoun(missingisreferredtoaperson‘saetc,weshouldomittheheadnoun.
e.g.Hehasgonetothedoctor‘s.Heisstayingathisuncle‘s.
Men‘sclothesaresoldbothatSmith‘sandBrown‘s.
2doublegenitive双重属格
所谓―双重所有格是指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同of构成的所有格,即―of+名词所有格‖。
双重所有格有以下几个特征:
―of+名词所有格‖中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。
因此,我们可以说:
aplayofShakespeare‘s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧),afriendofmywife‘s(我妻子的一个朋友),但却不能说afunneloftheship‘s或al
egofatable‘s,而且该名词必须是特指的,不能是泛指的。
比如我们可以说,afriendofthedoctor‘s(这位医生的一个朋友),anovelofthewriter‘s(那位作者的一部小说),而不能说afriendofadoctor‘s或anovelofawriter‘s。
当‘限定词’和‘名词或代词的所有格’修饰同一个名称时,两者不能同时放在该名词的前面,此时,要用双重所有格---afriendofmyfather‘s,afriendofmine我许多朋友,其中的一个朋友。
(不能用定the
:
mine,yours,his,hers,theirs,ours,John‘s,myfather‘s,etc.
Doyouknowtheirmeanings?
oneofmybrother’sfriends(表示我兄弟有一个以上的朋友)
afriendofmybrother‘s(同上句:
表示我兄弟有一个以上的朋友)
afriendofmybrother(Heisveryfriendlytomybrother.)
mybrother’sfriend(我兄弟唯一的一个朋友或刚谈及的那一个朋友)
rightorwrong)
Imetafriendofmineonthewayhome.路上遇到我的一个朋友。
(我有不止一个朋友。
)
(XThewatchofmybrother‘sismissing.我哥哥的一块表掉了。
(他有不止一块表。
)
Anyfriendofmyson‘siswelcome.我儿子的任何朋友都受到欢迎。
(XImetafriendofmybrother.我遇见了我哥的一个朋友。
(X)Thisisthebookofmine。
我是我(的)这一本书。
我(的)每一支铅笔:
Everypencilofyoursisverygood.Brown‘siswelcome.
Tellthedifferencebetweenthetowsentences
apaintingofmysister‘s,(apaintingbymysister,donebymysister
apaintingofmysister(representingherself
6–7Determiners,Ex6ACDE;7AEF
1.Generic类指andspecificreference特指
Wheredoarticlescomefrom?
one---a,an(按其发音为准;the---that,this,these,those
Givethenamesofeachdeterminer:
他们的房子大约是我们房子的三倍。
1.Classificationofdeterminers:
---p60
1articles:
a,an,the,
2possessivedeterminer(adj.:
my,mine
3genitivenoun名词属格:
John’s,myfather’s
4demonstrativedeterminer指示:
this,these,such
5relativedeterminer关系:
whose,which
6interrogativedeterminer疑问:
what,which
7indefinitedeterminer不定:
no,each,either,neither,some,any,all,half,many,
afew,alittle,enough,another
8cardinalandordinalnumeral:
66,thesecond
9Multiplicative倍数词andfractionalnumeral分数:
threetimes,twice,2/3
10quantifier量词:
alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargenumberof
2.Collocationsbetweendeterminersandnouns
1WithsingularN-sin.only:
与名词单数搭配
Neitherstatementistrue.(are--informal(each/neither/manya/sucha+(N-sin.
2WithbothN-sin./N-pl:
与单数/复数搭配(thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thenext
ThesecondquizisinOctober.
(thefirst+N-pl,(thesecond+N-sin
3.Wordorder
Order—‗theorderof
thethreedeterminers
‘前位-中位-后位限定词’的顺序
apre-determiners:
all,both,2,2/3,such(a,etc.
e.g.Hehassuchafunnycharacter.suchbeautifulflowers
Note:
Onlysuchaispre-determiner.
bCentraldeterminers:
articles,demonstrative,possessive;genitive:
a,the,this,my,Mary‘s,some,either,neither,etc.
cpost-determiners:
two,first,many,last,alotof,such,etc.abc
abbc
Note:
Whensuchisusedwith―,
suchshouldbeusedaspost-determine.WeCAN‘Tsay―someofsuch…..‖;
while―somesuch‖isOK.单亲,这地区附近有许多这样的人
Thereisbook.(noneofsuchbooksX/Thereisnosuchabook(informal4.both/all,either/neither,neither/none
全部bothall
全无neithernone:
things
noone:
people
任一eitherany
5.each,every
each,every这两个词都有“每个”的意义。
each强调各别、各个,而every强调全部、都
e.g.
Hegaveeachboyanapple.他给每个孩子一个苹果。
Fromeachaccordingtohisability,toeachaccordingtohiswork.各尽所能,按劳分配。
Thesunshineseveryday.每天都是阳光灿烂。
Heisonlyforty-oneyearsold,andhehasalreadybeentonearlyeverycountry.他只有41岁,而他已经几乎到过一切国家。
6.such
1such修饰单数名词时,置不定冠词前。
修饰复数名词时,置名词前。
e.g.He‗s他就是这么一个人。
我参加过许多种这样的课程。
2若名词前有等,such则置该词后。
e.g.everysuchpossibility每一个这样的可能性
anysuchplan任何这样的计划
Thereisnosuchthing.没有这么一回事。
3such位于句首,须倒装。
我对未来的希望就是这样。
事实就是这样。
4在such…that…/such…as…的区别
--such…..that:
用在从句不缺少句子成分时,表示―如此…以至于‖;
e.g.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.(从句完整)他的胳臂很长,(以至于几乎能碰到天花板。
--such…..as:
用在从句缺少句子成分时,表示―像…一样‖。
e.g.Sheissuchagoodteacherjustasweexpect.
(从句缺宾语正如我们所料,她是一位好老师。
5suchas/assuch的区别:
▪--suchas:
―例如,像‖
e.g.Ilikedrinkssuchasteaandsoda.我喜欢诸如茶和汽水之类的饮料。
▪--assuch:
A同样地,同量地;如所指的,照那样的
e.g.Heisachild,andmustbetreatedassuch.
Heisagoodman,andisknownassuchtoeveryone.
B本身
e.g.Aname,assuch,meansnothing.姓名本身并无意义。
Success,assuch,doesn‘talwaysbringshappiness.
成功本身并不总是带来幸福。
Ihavenoprejudiceagainstforeignersassuch,butIdon‘tthinkthey
shouldbeallowedtotakeworkfromourownpeople.(取代
Wealth,assuchdoesn'tmattermuch.财富本身算不了什么。
C(用语否定句)并不真是
e.g.Itisnotanagreementassuch,butwillserveasone.
Itisnotagoodbookassuchbutithassomeinterestingpictures.
6suchandsuch:
―某某,这种那种的‖
e.g.Suchandsuchresultsfollowfrom
suchandsuchcauses.
这样那样的原因就产生这样那样的结果。
Rightorwrong
1Eachpassengerwasexaminedbythecaptain.
2Everypassengerwasexaminedbythecaptain.
3Everywasexaminedbythecaptain.
4Eachboyreceivedapresent.
5Eachwasgivenabook.
6Everyoneofthesebookshasbeenpaid.
7Everyhasbeenpaid.
8everyoneofmyhands(or:
parents
9everyoneofmyfingers
10Noteachstudentwalkstoschool.
11Wehaveapartyeachtwoweeks.
7.Articles---definiteandindefinitearticles(Read7.2
a,an---one;the---that,this,these,those
8.Mainpoints
1Genericreference
Athe+N-sin;a(an+N-sin;N-pl
e.g.Thehorseeatsgrass.Ahorseeatsgrass.Horseseatgrass.
Bthe+adj(is/are
e.g.Thericharenotalwayshappy.
2specificreference特指
ningof―a,an‖:
1ablackand(awhitehorse一只黑白相间的马
B.Withdefinitearticle(withsomeexceptions
1The+(–est,first,only,same+N:
ThisisthefirstEnglishstoryI‘veheard.
Manistheonlyanimalthatcantalk.
2the–erofthetwo:
Heisthetallerofthetwo.
3playthe+musicalinstruments:
Sheplaysthepianoverywell.ButIteachpiano.
4theonlythingexists独一无二:
Theearthmovesaroundthesun.
5direction:
ontheright.It‘sinthenorth.
6bythe+unitN计量单位:
Theyarepaidbthemonth.
7the+partofabody:
Hetookmebythehand.Icaughthimbytherighthand.
8the+adj.:
(sin./pl:
Therich(peoplearenotalwayshappierthanthepoor.(theyoung,old,living,dead,learned,injured
9The+N+attributives(phrase/clause:
verypretty.
10the+familysurname:
Thesmithsareonholiday.
11inthe+1990s
12mountainranges,islands,rives
(amountain:
without
C.Withoutdefinitearticles(withsomeexceptions
1title:
Waiter,bringthebill,please.PresidentoftheUnitedStatesFatherisout,butmotherisathome.
2)threemeals,language,scientificcourse:
English,lunch,Physics
3)sports,colour,game运动,颜色,游戏等,swimming,skating,
4)somebuildings非指建筑物本身:
Schoolbeginsateight./Hegoestochurch
everySunday./IwenttocollegewhenIwas19.
5bytrafficmeans交通工具:
bycar,bytrain,byplane,
6festivals节日:
MayDay
7)streetnames街名
8)abstractnounsandmaterialnouns抽象名词和物质在泛指时:
---Doyoulikemusic?
–Yes,butIdon‘tlikethemusicheisplaying.
---Tablesaremadeofwood.Andthiskindoftableismadefromthewood
grownhere.
9somebuildingse.g.SchoolbeginsinSep.Hegoestochurcheveryweek.
10arminarm,shouldertoshoulder,daybyday,youngandold,dayandnight,doortodoor,stepbystep
11propernoun
12disease
9.Idioms1Idiomaticexpressionswiththedefinitearticle(see7.2
1Idiomaticexpressionswiththeindefinitearticle
2Idiomaticexpressionswiththezeroarticle
Exerciseinclass:
Decidewhethereachsentenceneedsanarticle
1.Lighttravelsfasterthan___.(sound
2.Bequiet,please.Don‘tletmehear___.(sound
3.InwritingEnglish,aftereachwordweleave____.(space
4.Thisboxoccupiestoomuch____.(space
5.Afterabigmeal,youshouldtake___(rest
6.Everybodyneedsfood,drinkand____(rest
7.Hediditalloutof____(kindness
8.Thankyou.Youhavedoneme____(kindness
9.Helivescloseat____(hand
10.Thechildrensufferedalotat___(thehandoftheirstepfather.
15.Heisstillin____(hospital.
16.I‘mgoingto____(hospitaltoseehim.
19.Thisstyleofdressisnolongerin___(fashion
20.Shelikestoreadabout___(latefashions
21.Don‘ttalktoomuchat____(table
22.Myfriendwassittingat___(tablewritingaletter.
23.Whenwecalled,hisfamilywere___(dinner.
24.Whenwecalled,hisfamilywasgiving____(dinner
25.Thestudentstake/tookquite____(fancytotheirteacher.喜欢
26.Theexhibitsinthehallsoontook____(fancyofthevisitors.吸引
27.Theoldmanisin____(possessionofahugefortune.
28.Thisislandwasoncein____(possessionofGreatBritain.
29.Youmustimmediatelyconsultadoctorin____(caseofillness.
30.Paulineisstupid,butitisdifferentin____(caseofMary;sheisjustlazy.
Key
7F.1.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.
2.Bequiet,please.Don‘t