专题15 阅读理解之社会生活和说理议论文高考英语试题分项版解析解析版.docx

专题15 阅读理解之社会生活和说理议论文高考英语试题分项版解析解析版.docx

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专题15阅读理解之社会生活和说理议论文高考英语试题分项版解析解析版

2014年高考英语分项解析精编版

专题15阅读理解之社会生活和说理议论文

社会生活

【2014·全国新课标II】B

SincethefirstEarthDayin1970,Americanhavegottenalot“greener”towardtheenvironment.“Wedidn’tknowatthattimethereevenwasanenvironment,letalonethattherewasaproblemwithit,”saysBruceAnderson,presidentofEarthDayUSA.

Butwhatbeganasnothingimportantinpublicaffairshasgrownintoasocialmovement.Businesspeople,politicalleaders,universityprofessors,andespeciallymillionsofgrass-rootsAmericansaretakingpartinthemovement.“Theunderstandinghasincreasedmany,manytimes,”saysGaylordNelson,theformergovernorfromWisconsin,whothoughtupthefirstAccordingtoUSgovernmentreports,emissions（排放）fromcarsandtruckshavedroppedfrom10.3milliontonsayearto5.5tons.ThenumberofcitiesproducingCObeyondthestandardhasbeenreducedfrom40to9.Althoughseriousproblemsstillremainandneedtobedealtwith,theworldisasaferandhealthierplace.Akindof“Greenthinking”hasbeepartofpractices.

Greatimprovementhasbeenachieved.In1988therewereonly600recyclingprograms,;todayin1995thereareabout6,600.Advancedlights,motors,andbuildingdesignshavehelpedsavealotofenergyandthereforepreventedpollution.

Twenty–fiveyearsago,therewerehardlyanyeducationprogramsforenvironment.Today,it’shardtofindapublicschool,university,orlawschoolthatdoesnothavesuchakindofprogram.”Untilwedothat,nothingelsewillchange!

”sayBruceAnderson.

【小题1】AccordingtoAnderson,before1970,Americanshadlittleideaabout___

Athesocialmovement

Brecyclingtechniques

Cenvironmentalproblems

DtheimportanceofEarthDay

【小题2】Wheredoesthesupportforenvironmentalprotectionmainlyefrom?

AThegrass–rootslevel

BThebusinesscircle

CGovernmentofficials

DUniversityprofessors

【小题3】WhathaveAmericansachievedinenvironmentalprotection?

ATheyhavecutcaremissionstothelowest

BTheyhavesettledtheirenvironmentalproblems

CTheyhaveloweredtheirCOlevelsinfortycities.

DTheyhavereducedpollutionthrougheffectivemeasures.

【小题4】.Whatisespeciallyimportantforenvironmentalprotectionaccordingtothelastparagraph?

AEducation

BPlanning

CGreenliving

DCOreduction

所学校都有关于环境保护的课程，而且通过最后BruceAnderson说的话“Untilwedothat,nothingelsewillchange!

”可知教育在改变人们保护环境意识，改善环境问题方面至关重要，故答案选A。

考点：

考查社会生活类短文阅读。

【2014·湖北卷】D

You’veflownhalfwayaroundtheworld;you’vesniffedoutthisplacethatnobodyinFalonglandorThailandseemstohaveeverheardof;sowhatonearthistheretodohere?

Youconsiderthisquestionasyousinkintoanoldwoodenbeachchairthatholdsyouabovethesand.

ItwasalongjourneyfromBangkoktoHuaplee.Bythetimeyoufoundthebusstationandgotyourselfsortedout,ittookalmostaslongastheflightfromFalongland.

HuapleeislocatedjustsouthofHuaHin,abouttwohundredkilometresfromBangkok,downthewestsideoftheGulfofThailand.Notmanytouristsfindthisplace，andtheonesthatdowonderiffindingithasbeentheirpurposeallalong.

There’sanapparentlazinessthatsurroundsyouhere.It’swhatthisplaceoffers,andit，sfreeofcharge.Thesmallwavesthattaptheshorelineseemtosloweverythingdown.Yousettleintoyourbeachchairinpreparationforalongrest.Yousitthereandwatchthesea.

It’searlyafternoon,sothecookesoutandaskswhatyou’dliketoeatthisevening.Beforelonghe’srushedofftothemarkettobuytheingredientsforwhateveritwasthatyouordered---everymealfreshandtoorder.Nomenuhere.

Thereisnopoolsidenoiseherebutjustthatwonderfullywarm,clearbluesea.There9snostreetnoise.Theonlysoundsarethemurmursofnature.Fornowyoujustcountyourblessings（福祉），listingtheminthesandwithyourtoe（脚趾）•Youdon’thavetoworryaboutbeinglateforwork.Youdon’thavetodoanything.

Thebeachtoyourrightstretchesofftothehorizon（地平线），slowlynarrowingtonothingnessonlytore-emergeagainonyourleft,nowsteadilywideninguntilitcoversthechairbeneathyou.Sandtoyourleftandsandtoyourright;it’sunbroken,endless.Nostart,noend,justsand,sun,andpeace.Stepoffit,andyoure-entertheworldoftraffic,stress,work，andhurry.

Normallyyou，rethetypewhocan，tsitstillformorethantenminutes,butyou’reonHuapleeLazyBeachnowand,intherightframeofmind,itstretchesallthewayaroundtheworld.

“Howcouldittakemesolongtofindit?

”youwonder.

【小题1】WhentheauthorfirstwenttoHuapleeBeach,____

A.hefounditunworthwhile

B.hefailedtosorthimselfout

C.hebecamesensitivetosmell

D.hehaddifficultyinfindingit

【小题2】WhatisspecialaboutthefoodserviceatHuapleeBeach?

A.Nomenu.

B.Freefood.

C.Selfservice.

D.Quickdelivery.

【小题3】Intheauthor’sopinion,atouristcanenjoyHuapleeBeachmostwhenhe____.

A.sitsinabeachchair

B.forgetshisdailyroutine

C.plansadetailedschedule

D.drawspicturesinthesand

【小题4】Whatdoestheauthorimplybyhisquestionattheendofthepassage?

A.Heshouldn’thavecountedhisblessings.

B.Heshouldhaveunderstoodthewonderofnature.

C.Heshouldn’thavespentsomuchtimeonthetrip.

D.Heshouldhaveetotheplaceearlier.

Passengerpigeons（旅鸽）onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks（群）solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.

Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreachitshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdsintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybeesmaller,aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles（about515kilometers）longwasseennearCincinnati.

Sadly,theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdswereabundant,peoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.mercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain,waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed,thenthrewlargenetsoverthem,takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.

Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury,thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwood,whichscattered（驱散）theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth,wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone,nevertobeseenagain.

In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons,butbythen,nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty,Ohio,in1900.Foratime,afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem,knownaffectionatelyasMartha,diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardeninSeptember1,1914.

【小题1】Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons_______.

A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmerica

C.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.WerethelargestpopulationintheUS

【小题2】Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons’_______.

A.escapeB.ruinC.liberationD.evolution

【小题3】Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?

A.Toseekpleasure.B.Tosaveotherbirds.

C.Tomakemoney.D.Toprotectcrops.

【小题4】WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?

A.Itwasignoredbythepublic.B.Itwasdeclaredtoolate.

C.Itwasunfair.D.Itwasstrict.

【答案】

【小题1】D

【小题2】B

【小题3】C

【小题4】B

【解析】

试题分析：

本文是一篇记叙文。

叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。

在美国，18世纪和19世纪旅鸽的数量很大。

人们认为旅鸽数量多，会永恒的供应，于是成千的人杀害了旅鸽。

19世纪末，美国人是为了需要木材而驱赶旅鸽。

在1897年，到密歇根州通过禁止屠杀旅鸽的法律时，在美国已经10年没有见过大的旅鸽群。

最后一批旅鸽，于1914年，在辛辛那提动物园死去。

【2014·辽宁卷】C

Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat,likeanimals,treesmunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgeneration?

UBCProfessorSimardexplainshowtreesaremuchmoreplexthanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarepetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.Infact,theoppositeistrue:

treessurvivethroughtheirco-operationandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition"dependingonwhoneedsit".

Nitrogen（氮）andcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfungi（真菌）

networks,makingsurethatalltreesintheforestecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thishiddensystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons（神经元）inourbrains,andwhenonetreeisdestroyed,itaffectsall.

Simardtalksabout"mothertrees",usuallythelargestandoldestplantsonwhichallothertreesdepend.Sheexplainshowdyingtreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantmineralstoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown"mothertrees"withnoawarenessofthesehighlyplex"treesocieties"orthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed,wearereducingthechancesofsurvivalfortheentireforest.

"Wedidn'ttakeanynoticeofit"Simardsayssadly."Dyingtreesmovenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying,butwenevergivethemchance."Ifwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustry,wecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuture.

【小题1】Theunderlinedsentence"theoppositeistrue"inParagraph2probablymeansthattrees.

A.peteforsurvival

B.protecttheirownwealth

C.dependoneachother

D.providesupportfordy