考研英语一真题及答案英语真题答案.docx

考研英语一真题及答案英语真题答案.docx

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考研英语一真题及答案英语真题答案

2021年考研英语

（一）真题及答案2021英语真题答案

2021年考研英语

（一）真题

SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:

Readthefollowingtext.Choose

thebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET

1.（10

points）AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But_____someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfilnessLaughterdoes_____short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,____heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto____,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave_____benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.____,

insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyacplishesthe____,studiesdatingbacktothe

1930’sindicatethatlaughter.muscles,

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp____theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof______feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.______one

classicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted_______physicalreactions.It

wasarguedattheendofthe

19thcenturythathumansdonotcry______theyaresadbuttheybeesadwhentetearsbegintoflow.Although

sadnessalso_______tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow_____muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin

1988,socialpsychologistFritz.

1．[A]among

[B]except[C]despite[D]like

2．[A]reflect

[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce3．[A]stabilizing

[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining4．[A]transmit

[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe5．[A]measurable

[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable6．[A]In

turn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief7．[A]opposite

[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected8．[A]hardens

[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate

[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance

10．[A]physical

[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal

11．[A]Except

for[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

12．[A]with

[B]on[C]in[D]at

13．[A]unless

[B]until[C]if[D]because

14．[A]exhausts

[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses

15．[A]into

[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond

16．[A]fetch

[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold

17．[A]disappointed

[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent

18．[A]adapted

[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted

19．[A]suggesting

[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

20．[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]ConverselySectionIIReadingprehensionPartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark

youranswersonANSWERSHEET

1.（40

points）Text

1ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin

2021.For

themostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!

Atlast!

”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.One

ofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertisparativelylittleknown.Even

Tommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.For

mypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.To

besure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingpositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.All

IhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmyputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.Devoted

concertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.For

thetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustpetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theaterpanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe

20thcentury.There

recordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.The

widespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.One

possibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’s

owninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:

AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?

Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.If

GilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.21.

WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas[A]incurredcriticism.[B]raised

suspicion.[C]received

acclaim.[D]aroused

curiosity.22.

TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois[A]influential.[B]modest.

[C]respectable.[D]talented.

23.The

authorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.[B]reject

mostkindsofrecordedperformances.[C]exaggerate

thevarietyofliveperformances.[D]overestimate

thevalueofliveperformances.24.

Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.[B]They

areeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.[C]They

helpimprovethequalityofmusic.[D]They

haveonlycoveredmasterpieces.25.

RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.

[C]confident.[D]puzzled.

Text

2WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Rather

thancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningapany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Within

twoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember

29.McGee

saysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofpanyhewantedtorun.It

alsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.And

McGeeisn’talone.In

recentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.As

boardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.A

turbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithouta.In

thethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown

23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.As

theeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.The

decisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.For

yearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.Says

Korn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:

”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.Ellen

MarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.It

wasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInter-basedmoditiesexchange.Robert

WillumstadleftCitigroupin

20xxwithambitionstobeaCEO.He

finallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.Many

recruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.The

financialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“The

traditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“The

peoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”

26.When

McGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing[A]arrogant.[B]frank.

[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.

27.According

toParagraph

2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredby[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.[B]their

needtoreflectontheirprivatelife.[C]their

strainedrelationswiththeboards.[D]their

pursuitofnewcareergoals.28.

Theword“poached”（Line3,Paragraph4）mostprobablymeans[A]approvedof.[B]attended

to.[C]hunted

for.[D]guarded

against.29.

Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.[B]loyalty

oftopperformersisgettingout-dated.[C]top

performerscaremoreaboutreputations.[D]it’s

safertosticktothetraditionalrules.30.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

[A]CEOs:

WheretoGo?

[B]CEOs:

AlltheWayUp?

[C]TopManagersJumpwithouta[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformersText3Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.No

longer.While

traditional“paid”media–suchastelevisionmercialsandprintadvertisements–stillplayamajorrole,paniestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumers

passionateaboutaproductmaycreate“owned”mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsands