国际贸易实务练习题与答案Chapter 13.docx
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国际贸易实务练习题与答案Chapter13
Chapter13
一.ChapterSummary
1.Linertransportistheimporttransportofcargoesfromoneseaporttoanotheralongregular
maritimeroutesaccordingtoaschedule.Linerratesusuallyincludethestevedoringchargesfor
loadingandunloading.
2.Linertransportfreightcoversbasicfreightandvariouskindsofsurcharges.Basicfreightmaybe
collectedaccordingtoweight,measurement,weightormeasurement,ad,val.,weight/measureorad
val.Surchargesincludebunkeradjustmentfactor,portsurcharges,transshipmentsurcharges,heavylift
andlonglengthadditional,etc.
3.Chartertransportisatrampservice,pickingupcargoonlywhenitischartered(hired)fromtheship
owner.Therearetwotypesofchartertransport’voyagecharterandtimecharter.
4.Underavoyage-charterparty,thevesselremainsunderthecontroloftheshipownerwhois
responsibleforequippingandmanningthevessel.Sometermsusedspeciallyinvoyagecharter-party
are:
linerterms,FI(FreeIn),FO(FreeOut),FIO(FreeInandOut),laydays,dispatchmoneyand
demurrage.
5.Timechartermeanstheshipowneragreestocharteravesseltothecharterforaspecifiedperiodof
time.
6.Railtransportisamajormodeoftransportintermsofcapacity,onlysecondtooceantransport.Itis
popularinmultimodaltransportandtransshipmentandwidelyusedinlandbridges.
7.Airtransporthasthebenefitsoffasterdelivery,bettersecurity,lesspackagingandlowerinsurance,
thoughitisgenerallyperceivedasexpensive.Therearethreetypesofairtransportservices:
schedule
airline,charteredcarriers,andconsolidatedconsignmentsbyfreightforwarders.
8.Intermodaltransportinvolvesthetransportoffreightinanintermodalcontainerorvehicle,using
multiplemodesoftransport(rail,ship,andtruck),withoutanyhandlingofthefreightitselfwhen
changingmodes.
9.Containerizationhastheadvantagesoflowingcharges,risksandimprovingefficiency.Themodes
ofcontainerservicesincludeCY/CY,CY/CFS,CFS/CYandFS/CFS.Containercapacityismeasured
intwenty-footequivalentunits(TEU,orsometimesteu).Mostcontainerstodayareofthe40-ft
(12.2m)varietyandareknownas40-footcontainers.
10.Thethreefunctionsperformedbyabillofladingare:
receiptforthegoods,evidenceofthe
contractofcarriageanddocumentoftitletothegoods.Thereareanumberofdifferenttypesofbillof
ladingincludingshipped(onboard)B/L,receivedforshipmentB/L,cleanB/LanduncleanB/L,
straightB/L,blankB/LandorderB/L,directB/L,transshipmentB/L,throughB/L,linerB/L,
charter-partyB/L,containerB/L,longformB/L,shortformB/l,ondeck,B/L,staleB/L,ante-dated
B/LandadvancedB/L.
11.ThethreerulesgoverningbillofladingaretheHague,Hague-VisbyandHamburgRules,The
HagueRulesweregenerallywellreceivedandhavebeenadopted58maritimenations.Thereare
someweaknessoftheHagueRules.TheHague-VisbyRules1968madesomeimportantamendments
totheHagueRules.HamburgRulesdraftedin1978andcameintoforceonNovember1,1992,and
severalmajoramendmentsweremadeintheRules.
12.Seawaybillisreceiptorthegoods,anevidenceofcontractofcarriage,butitisnotadocumentof
title.Thefunctionsofairwaybillarethesameasseawaybill.Multimodaltransportdocuments
evidencethecontractofcarriageofgoodsbyatleasttwomodesoftransport.
13.Shipmentclauseusuallyincludestimeofshipment,port(place)ofshipmentanddestination,partial
shipmentandtransshipment,etc.
二.ReviewQuestions
A.Briefdefinetheconcepts
1.linertransport
2.voyagecharter
3.charter-party
4.laydays
5.dispatchmoney
6.demurrage
7.timecharter
8.landbridgetransport
9.Intermodaltransport(multimodaltransport)
10.Billoflading
11.shippedB/L
12.ReceivedforshipmentB/L
13.CleanB/L
14.uncleanB/L
15.straightB/L
16.blankB/L
17.orderB/L
18.blankendoresment
19.directB/L
20.transshipmentB/L
21.throughB/L
22.LinerB/L
23.charterpartyB/L
24.containerB/L
25.longformB/L(orblankbackB/L)
27.OndeckB/L
28.staleB/L
29.ante-datedB/L
30,advancedB/L
31.seawaybill
32.Airwaybill
B.Questionsandproblems
1.WhatarethefunctionsperformedbyoceanBs/L?
2.Ininternationaltrade,whydotheimporterusuallyrequiretheexportertoprovide"cleanonboard
B/Lmadeouttoorderandblankendorsed"?
3.Whatarethedifferencesbetweena"throughB/L"anda"multimodaltransportdocument"?
4.Whatisthevirtueofcontainerization?
C.Multiple-choicequestions
1.Themostcommonlyusedmodeoftransportininternationaltradeis______
a.airtransport.b.roadtransportc.oceantransportd.railwaytransport
2.Ifanitemismarkedwith"M"inthetariff,thethelinerrateforthisitemiscollectedon____
a.itsunit.b.itsweightc.itscapacityd.itsmeasurement
3.FIOinthevoyagecharter-partymeansthattheshipowneris____
a.onlyresponsibleforthechargesofloading
B.Onlyresponsibleforthechargesofunloading
C.Responsibleforboththeloadingandunloadingcharges
D.responsibleneitherfortheloadingchargesnorfortheunloadingcharges.
4.Linertermsinthevoyagecharge-partymeansthattheshipowneris_____
a.onlyresponsibleforofloadingcharges
B.Onlyresponsibleforunloadingcharges
C.Responsibleforboththeloadingandunloadingcharges
D.responsibleneitherfortheloadingchargesnorfortheunloadingcharges.
5.Invoyagecharter,theshipownerisonlyresponsibleforloadingunder____
a.FIb.FOc.FIOd.Linerterms
6.Laydaysarecommonlyexpressedas____
a.Runningdays
b.Workingdays
c.Weatherworkingdays
d.Eighthour'sworkingdays
7.Whichofthefollowingmodesprovidesdoor-to-doorcontainerserviceorhouse-to-housecontainer
service?
a.CY/CYcontainerservice
b.CY/CFScontainerservice
c.CFS/CYcontainerservice
d.CFS/CFScontainerservice
8.Containercapacityismeasuredin___
A.FEU(Forty-footEquivalentUnits)
b.TEU(Twenty-footEquivalentUnits)
C.EEU(Eight-footEquivalentUnits)
d.NEU(Nineteen-footEquivalentUnits)
9.Thedocumentwhichcanbetransferredbyendorsementis____
A.railwaybill
B.Airwaybill
C.Seawaybill
D.Orderbilloflading
10.WhichofthefollowingareNOTrulesgoverningbilloflading?
a.TheHagueRules
b.TheHague-VisbyRules
c.TheHamburgRules
d.TheNewYorkRules
11.InthefiledofconsigneeofaB/L,"ToorderofABCCO.Ltd"ismarked.ThisB/Lis____
A.astraightB/L
B.AblankB/L
C.AnorderB/L
D.AdirectB/L
12.MarineBs/Lperformanumberoffunctionsexcept____
A.Evidenceofthecontractofcarriage
B.Receiptforthegoodsshipped
C.Doucmentoftitletothegoods
D.Non-negotiabledocument
13.WhichofthefollowingtermsontheB/LshowsthattheBillofLadingisacleanB/L?
A.Onecartonshort
B.Insufficientpacking
C.Inapparentgoodorderandcondituion
D.Misssafetyseal
14.Theissuanceof___isunlawful
A.StaleBs/L
B.OndeckBs/L
C.Ante-dateBs/L
D.Charter-partyBs/L
15.Theairfreightforwarderassemblesanumberofindividualshipmentsintooneconsignmentand
dispatchedthemononeairwaybill.Thistypeofairtransportserviceiscalled____
A.Consolidation
B.Scheduledairline
C.Charteredcarrier
D.Airexpressservice
D.Trueorfalsequestions
1.Oceantransportisaveryfastmodeoftransport.
2.FIOindicatesthattheshipownerisresponsibleforthecostsofloadinggoodsontothevesseland
unloadinggoodsfromthevessel.
3.Timechartergenerallydosenotincludeloadingandunloadingcostsinthecharterrate.
4.Invoyagecharter,thevesselisunderthecontrolofthechartererwhoisresponsibleforequipping
andmanningthevessel.
5.A"B/Lblankendorsed"referstotheB/Lwithoutanyendorsement
6.Allbillsofladingaretransferable
7.Abillofladingwithanotationof"insufficientpacking"isafoulbilloflading
8.Ashortformbillofladingisusuallynotacceptable
9.AccordingtotheGISG,intheabsenceoftermsastowhethertransshipmentisallowedornotinthe
contract,transshipmentistoconstruedasallowed.
10.Timechartermeansthatthechartererhiresthevesselforaperiodoftimewithoutcrew
11.Dispatchmoneyanddemurrageclausenormallyappearinthetimecharter-party
E.Calculation
1.CompanyAexported200cartonsofGoodsXtoAustralia.Thegrossweightandmeasurementfor
eachcartonwas80kgand100cm*4cm*25cmrespectively.Supposethatthefreightforthegoodswas
calculatedonW/M.ThebasicwasUS$80perfreightton.Surchargesincluding10%ofport
surchargesnd15%oftransshipmentsurchargeswerealsocollected.HowmuchshouldCompanyA
payforthefreight?
2.CompanyAexported20metrictonsofGoodsXtoJapan.Thegoodswerepackedincartonseach
containing20kilograms.Thetotalgrossweightofthisbatchofgoodswas22060kilogramsandthe
measurementofeachcartonwas42cm*28cm*25cm.TheexportpriceofthegoodswasUS$570per
M/TCFRKuwait.ThefreightwascollectedonW/M,thebasicfreightratewasUS$70,andport
surchargeswere20%.CalculatetheFOBpricefortheexports.
V.Answerstoreviewquestions
A.Brieflydefinetheconcepts
1.linertransport:
Thetransportofcargoesfromoneseaporttoanotherregularmaritimeroutes
accordingtoaschedule.
2.Voyagecharter:
Transportvesselorvehiclecharterforoneoraspecifiednumberoftrips(voyages)
3.Charter-party:
Writtencontractbetweentheshipownerandthecharter
4.Laydays:
Alsocalledlaytime.Thenumberofdaysallowedbytheshipownertoloadorunload
cargowithoutincurringdemurrageorlatecharges
5.Dispatchmoney:
Whensoagreedinthecharter-party,thisispaidbytheshipownertothecharterer
asaresultofthevess