汇编浅析高考英语改错题解题技巧与练习.docx
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汇编浅析高考英语改错题解题技巧与练习
2012年全国高考模拟参考部分
高考英语改错题解题技巧与练习
一、高考英语改错题的题型特点:
高考英语改错题一改传统的单句改错,代之以篇章为单位的短文改错。
这不仅要求考生有更高的阅读理解能力,而且迫使考生摆脱孤立片面的思维定势,以一种连贯的思路、整体的眼光去适应这一题型。
高考英语改错题为一篇短文,十道小题。
错误类型的分布情况比较稳定。
在十道小题当中,一般需改动5-6处,添加和删除共3-4处,不需改动即正确的为1处。
高考英语改错题的另一显著特点是每小题只需改动或增删一词或一处(正确的小题除外)。
二、正确的解题方法
因为高考英语改错题是以篇章为单位的短文改错,这就要求考生有整体观念。
因此,考生应先从头到尾通读全文,在正确理解或大致正确理解甚至在猜想原文的前提下,再仔细推敲需要改正或添删的内容。
找出错误并改正后,还需要再通读全文,从整体上来检查被改正后的短文意思是否通顺,逻辑概念是否严密合理,结构是否正确。
三、错误类型
笔者对1996年以来的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后,发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面。
(为了既节省篇幅,又方便读者查阅原题,本文从历年的高考英语短文改错题中抽出句子为例,并在例句后注上出自哪一年的第几小题,如(1996.86)意为该例句出自1996年高考英语改错题的第86小题。
另外,例句中非属某特定错误类型的错误已被笔者改正。
)
1、动词时态
从过去6年的高考英语改错题来看,每年都有时态错误的小题,而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。
时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。
(1)Theyofferedmecoffeeandotherdrinks.Wehavea
goodtimetalkingandlaughingtogether.had(1996.92)
(2)DearBob,
Hello.IlearnaboutyoufrommyEnglishteacherMiss
Fang.learned(1997.86)
(3)Myfavoritesportisfootball.Iwasamemberofour
schoolfootballteam.am(1998.86)
(4)Iamhappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspenta
lottimearguing...was(1999.92)
(5)Irememberedherwordsandcalmdown.
calmed(2000.83)
(6)Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkathome;theywant
metodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothat...
do(2001.79)
(7)Thetimepassesquickly.Eveningcame.
passed(2002.82)
2、名词单复数
单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一,改动的依据有:
一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份;二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。
(1)TheywereeagertoknoweverythingaboutChinaand
askedmelotsofquestion.questions(1996.94)
(2)Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchas
maths,Chinese,Englishandphysics.subjects(1997.91)
(3)Wepractisethreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatch
footballmatchonTVtogether.matches(1998.88)
(4)Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedme
success,but...schoolmates(2000.77)
(5)...;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudies
sothatI'llgetgoodmarksin
allmysubject.subjects(2001.81)
(6)OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturesincethe
scenerywassobeautiful.pictures(2002.82)
3、句子结构
句子结构方面的错误范围庞大,解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考:
1)句子结构是否完整,成份是否冗缺;2)单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符;3)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。
(1)They∧eagertoknoweverythingaboutChinaandasked
melotsofquestions.(形容词不能单独作谓语)were(1996.93)
(2)I'dliketo∧yourpenfriend,andgettoknowmore
aboutyourcountry.be/become(1997.87)
("I'dliketo..."中的"to"为动词不定式的标志词,其后必须加动词原型)
(3)IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.
which(1997.89)
(关系词在定语从句中作主语,应该用关系代词)
(4)What∧yourfavouritesport?
is(1997.94)
("主系表"结构中缺少连系动词)
(5)Ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.
hearing(1997.95)
(此句中"to"为介词,其后必须加名词,代词或动名词等相当于名词的词)
(6)Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptalland
strongbutalso...Playing(1998.89)
(动词不能作主语)
(7)Also,thesportteachesustheimportantof
obedience(服从).importance(1998.93)
(形容词"important"不能作动词"teaches"的直接宾语)
(8)Iwasoftenalittletiredafteraday'sworkand
watchTVdemandsverylittleeffort.
watching(1999.88)
(同(6),动词不能作主语)
(9)Unfortunate,therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily.
Unfortunately(1999.89)
(作为全句的状语,应该用"Unfortunate"的副词形式)
(10)...butitdidn'tmatterthatIwouldwinornot.
whether(2000.78)
(由一般疑问句演变而来的主语从句,应由whether引导)
(11)Myparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoall
theycan∧makesurethatIgetagoodeducation.
to(2001.78)
(此句中"alltheycan"为"allthattheycando"的省略形式,"tomake
surethat..."为动词不定式短语作目的状语)
(12)...,butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalk
abouttogether.about(2001.83)
(介词"about"后无宾语,此介词多余)
(13)Itwasaboutnoon∧wearrivedatthefootofthe
mountain.when(2002.78)
(复合句的两个分句之间缺少连词)
4、赘述
高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词,从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。
(注:
带下划线的词为多余的词,即需删去的词)
(1)TodayIvisitedtheSmiths-myfirsttimevisittoan
Americanfamily.time(1996.86)
(2)Infact,theyareplanningtovisitChinainnext
year.in(1996.95)
(3)First,letmetellyousomethingmoreaboutmyself.
more(1997.88)
(4)Wepractiseforthreetimeseveryweekandoften
watchfootballmatchonTVtogether.for(1998.87)
(5)NowIcan'twatchmuchtelevision,butafewyearsago
Iwasusedtowatchiteverynight.much(1999.86)
(6)WheneverIseethemIwilloftenthinkofmyEnglish
teacher.often(2000.85)
(7)IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmy
headtouchedthepillow.at(2002.85)
5、固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配)
所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。
如固定短语中的词不能冗缺,固定搭配要前后一致等。
(1)Itwasverykindforthemtomeetmeattherailway
stationanddrovemetotheirhome.of(1996.88)
(2)Iusetoplayping-pongalotinmysparetime,but...
used(1997.92)
(3)Somewantedtoseetheprogrammewhileothers
preferredanother.one(1999.91)
(4)...buttheothersspentalot∧timearguingand...
of(1999.93)
(5)WhenIwasonthestagethenextday,Ifeltso
nervousasIshooklikealeaf.that(2000.80)
(6)Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherin
thecrowd.a(注:
a为需删去的词)(2000.81)
(7)Likemostofmyschoolmates,Ihaveneitherbrothers
norsisters-inanyotherwords,Iamanonlychild.
any(any需为删去的词)(2001.77)
6、冠词
英语中冠词只有三个,从高考英语改错题的角度来看,只能从以下几个方向出题:
1)不定冠词a和an互改;2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改;3)根据需要增删冠词。
(1)TodayIvisitedtheSmiths-myfirstvisittoa
Americanfamily.an(1996.87)
(2)Eachplayermustobey∧captain,whoistheleaderof
theteam.the(1998.94)
(3)Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherin
thecrowd.a(注:
a为需删去的词)(2000.81)
(4)Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasame
roof,but...the(2001.82)
(5)Aseveryoneknows,it's∧famousmountainwithallkinds
ofplantsandanimals.a(2002.76)
7、代词
代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致,其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系。
(1)TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.
their(1996.90)
(2)Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwe
wanttowinthegame.we(1998.95)
(3)Nowsomeoneathomereadsinstead.
everyone/everybody(1999.95)
(4)Thedaybeforethespeechcontest∧Englishteacher
talkedtome.my(2000.76)
(5)Itwasaboutnoonwhenwearrivedatthefootofthe
mountain.Thethreeofthemwereveryexcited.
us(2002.79)
8、连词及与并置问题
连词连接的前后两部分是否合乎逻辑;并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同。
这两点是解答与连词及其相关问题的高考英语改错题的关键所在。
(1)Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeatthestation
anddrovemetotheirhome.drive(1996.89)
(2)Playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptalland
strongbutalsogiveusasenseoffairplayandteam
spirit.gives(1998.90)
(3)Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.and(2000.82)
(4)Irememberedherwordsandclamdown.
calmed(2000.83)
(5)Itlooksasifmyparentstreatmeasavisitoranda
guest.or(2001.84)
(6)Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.
but(2002.80)
(7)Asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visiting
templesandtoldstories.visited(2002.83)
9、易混淆的词或词组
易混淆的词既包括词意相同或相近的同义词、近义词,也包括外形相似、意义有别的词组。
易混淆词或词组的辨析也是高考改错题中不容忽视的部分。
(1)...butnowIaminterestinginfootball.
interested(1997.93)
(2)Wemustkeepinmindthatweplayfortheteam
instead∧ourselves.of(1998.92)
(3)NowIcan'twatchtelevision,butafewyearsagoI
wasusedtowatchiteverynight.
was(注:
was为需删去的词)(1999.87)
(4)Unfortunately,therearetoomanypeopleamongmy
family.in(1999.90)
(5)Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkatfamily;they
wantmeto...home(2001.80)
(6)Dotheyreallyunderstandtheirdaughter?
Whatthings
areinotherhomes,Iwonder.How(2001.85)
(7)Eveningcamedown.down(注:
down为需删去的词)(2002.83)
以上错误类型的划分不一定很科学,但至少能为考生解答高考英语改错题提供思考方法。
一旦考生认清了高考英语改错题的特点、解题方法以及错误类型,解题时就不会盲目从事,而能做到有的放矢。
高考改错口诀
(一)见到谓语找主语,主谓一致找状语
见到名词想多数,可不可数要记牢
见到平行看结构,形式功能要对称
见到代词找指代,指代通常不合理
小小of常抓的点,of前名词adj最高级
(二)谓与非谓经常混,谓语句中就一个
其余动词非谓语,常见形式有三种
vingved和todo,主宾通常ving
现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动
目的要用不定式,改错要想拿高分
语法口诀要记牢
(三)规则是说谎lieliedlied
不规则是躺lielaylain
躺过就下蛋laylaidlaid
下蛋不规则
01
InFeb.2nd1979,China’sVice-premier76.
DengXiaopingwasatavisittotheU.S.77.
HewasinthespaceflightcenterneartoHouston78.
Texas.Satinthepilot’sseatofamodelof79.
aspaceshuttle(航天飞机),hewas
askedtotouchabutton80.
tomakeitlandingontheearthfrom81.
aheightof95,000feet,thathedid.From82.
windowsofthecraft,hecouldseetheearth83.
cominguptomeethimasareturnedspacepilot84.
wouldseeit.MillionsofpeopleinbothChinaand
theUSwatchthisonTVwithdelight.85.
02
SomeAmericansjudgesuccessonthelength76.
ofhisvacations.Themanwhogetsamonth’s77.
vacationeachyearconsiderhimselfmoresuccessful78.
thanthemangetstwoweeks.Manypeoplewant79.
tobeteachersbecauseitisteacherswhocan80.
getthree-monthvacationeveryyear.Somecollege81.
teacherswhoteachthethreeclassesconsider82.
themselveslesssuccessfulthanthatwhoteach83.
onlyoneortwo,ornoneinall.Inshort,theless84.
workAmericansdo,thelesssuccessfulthey85.
considerthemselves.
03
Amanwithtwobadburnedearswenttosee76.
hisdoctor.“Whathashappenedonyou?
”askedthe77.
doctor.“Well,mywifeisironingwhile78.
IwaswatchingaballgameonTV.Sheputonthe79.
hotironnearthetelephonethenmyphone80.
rang.Iansweredtheironinsteadofthephone.”81.
Thedoctornodded.“Butwhathad82.
happenedtootherear?
”Themansaid,“Hardlyhad83.
Ihangedup,whenthesamepersoncalledup84.
again.”Thedoctorcan’thelplaughingwhenheheardthis.85.
04
Dearclassmates,
NowI’dliketotellyouwhyIlearnEnglish.Ioften56._____________
readEnglishaloudandtrylearnsomethingimportantby57.____________
hearts,whichhelpsmerememberiteasilyandform58.____________
thegoodhabitofthinkinginEnglish.Ilistentoalotand59.____________
talkwithothersinEnglish.Inthisway,Iwasimproved60.____________
myspokenEnglish.IkeepadiaryinEnglisheverydaybut