汇编浅析高考英语改错题解题技巧与练习.docx

1、汇编浅析高考英语改错题解题技巧与练习2012年全国高考模拟参考部分高考英语改错题解题技巧与练习一、高考英语改错题的题型特点：高考英语改错题一改传统的单句改错，代之以篇章为单位的短文改错。这不仅要求考生有更高的阅读理解能力，而且迫使考生摆脱孤立片面的思维定势，以一种连贯的思路、整体的眼光去适应这一题型。高考英语改错题为一篇短文，十道小题。错误类型的分布情况比较稳定。在十道小题当中，一般需改动5-6处，添加和删除共3-4处，不需改动即正确的为1处。高考英语改错题的另一显著特点是每小题只需改动或增删一词或一处(正确的小题除外)。二、正确的解题方法因为高考英语改错题是以篇章为单位的短文改错，这就要求考

2、生有整体观念。因此，考生应先从头到尾通读全文，在正确理解或大致正确理解甚至在猜想原文的前提下，再仔细推敲需要改正或添删的内容。找出错误并改正后，还需要再通读全文，从整体上来检查被改正后的短文意思是否通顺，逻辑概念是否严密合理，结构是否正确。三、错误类型笔者对1996年以来的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后，发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面。(为了既节省篇幅，又方便读者查阅原题，本文从历年的高考英语短文改错题中抽出句子为例，并在例句后注上出自哪一年的第几小题，如(1996.86)意为该例句出自1996年高考英语改错题的第86小题。另外，例句中非属某特定错误类型的错误已被笔者改正。)1、动词

3、时态从过去6年的高考英语改错题来看，每年都有时态错误的小题，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。 (1)They offered me coffee and other drinks.We have agood time talking and laughing together. had(1996.92) (2)Dear Bob，Hello.I learn about you from my English teacher MissFang. learned(1997.86) (3)My favorite sport is football.I

4、 was a member of ourschool football team. am(1998.86) (4)I am happy with any programme but the others spent alot time arguing. was(1999.92) (5)I remembered her words and calm down.calmed(2000.83) (6)They did not want me to do any work at home；they wantme to devote all my time to my studies so that.d

5、o(2001.79) (7)The time passes quickly.Evening came.passed(2002.82)2、名词单复数单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一，改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份；二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。 (1)They were eager to know everything about China andasked me lots of question. questions(1996.94) (2)We study quite a few subject，such asmaths，Chinese，English and physic

6、s. subjects(1997.91) (3)We practise three times every week and often watchfootball match on TV together. matches(1998.88) (4)She said that she and my schoolmate all wished mesuccess，but. schoolmates(2000.77) (5).；they want me to devote all my time to my studiesso that Ill get good marks inall my sub

7、ject. subjects(2001.81) (6)On the way up I was busy taking picture since thescenery was so beautiful. pictures(2002.82)3、句子结构句子结构方面的错误范围庞大，解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考：1)句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2)单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符；3)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。 (1)Theyeager to know everything about China and askedme lots of quest

8、ions.(形容词不能单独作谓语) were(1996.93)(2)Id like toyour penfriend，and get to know moreabout your country. be/become(1997.87) (Id like to.中的to为动词不定式的标志词，其后必须加动词原型) (3)I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China.which(1997.89) (关系词在定语从句中作主语，应该用关系代词)(4)Whatyour favourite sport？is(1997.94) (主系表结构中缺少连系动词) (

9、5)I look forward to hear from you soon.hearing(1997.95) (此句中to为介词，其后必须加名词，代词或动名词等相当于名词的词) (6)Play football not only makes us grow up tall andstrong but also. Playing(1998.89) (动词不能作主语) (7)Also，the sport teaches us the important ofobedience(服从). importance(1998.93) (形容词important不能作动词teaches的直接宾语) (8)

10、I was often a little tired after a days work andwatch TV demands very little effort.watching(1999.88) (同(6)，动词不能作主语) (9)Unfortunate，there are too many people in my family.Unfortunately(1999.89) (作为全句的状语，应该用Unfortunate的副词形式) (10).but it didnt matter that I would win or not.whether(2000.78) (由一般疑问句演变而

11、来的主语从句，应由whether引导) (11)My parents love me dearly of course and will do allthey canmake sure that I get a good education.to(2001.78) (此句中all they can为all that they can do的省略形式，to makesure that.为动词不定式短语作目的状语) (12).，but we do not seem to get much time to talkabout together. about(2001.83) (介词about后无宾语

12、，此介词多余) (13)It was about noonwe arrived at the foot of themountain. when(2002.78) (复合句的两个分句之间缺少连词)4、赘述高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词，从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。(注：带下划线的词为多余的词，即需删去的词) (1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit to anAmerican family. time(1996.86) (2)In fact，they are planning to

13、 visit China in nextyear. in(1996.95) (3)First，let me tell you something more about myself.more(1997.88) (4)We practise for three times every week and oftenwatch football match on TV together. for(1998.87) (5)Now I cant watch much television，but a few years agoI was used to watch it every night.much

14、(1999.86) (6)Whenever I see them I will often think of my Englishteacher. often(2000.85) (7)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment myhead touched the pillow. at(2002.85)5、固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配)所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。如固定短语中的词不能冗缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。 (1)It was very kind for them to meet me at the rai

15、lwaystation and drove me to their home. of(1996.88) (2)I use to play ping -pong a lot in my sparetime，but.used(1997.92) (3)Some wanted to see the programme while otherspreferred another. one(1999.91) (4).but the others spent a lottime arguing and .of(1999.93) (5)When I was on the stage the next day，

16、I felt sonervous as I shook like a leaf. that(2000.80)(6)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher inthe crowd. a(注：a为需删去的词)(2000.81)(7)Like most of my schoolmates，I have neither brothersnor sisters-in any other words，I am an only child.any(any需为删去的词)(2001.77)6、冠词英语中冠词只有三个，从高考英语改错题的角度来看，只能从以下几

17、个方向出题：1)不定冠词a和an互改；2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3)根据需要增删冠词。(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit to aAmerican family. an(1996.87)(2)Each player must obeycaptain，who is the leader ofthe team. the(1998.94)(3)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher inthe crowd. a(注：a为需删去的词)(2000.81)(4)We may be o

18、ne family and live under a sameroof，but. the(2001.82)(5)As everyone knows，itsfamous mountain with all kindsof plants and animals. a(2002.76)7、代词代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致，其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系。(1)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.their(1996.90)(2)And they must not break the rules too often if wewant

19、to win the game. we(1998.95)(3)Now someone at home reads instead.everyone/everybody(1999.95)(4)The day before the speech contestEnglish teachertalked to me. my(2000.76)(5)It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of themountain.The three of them were very excited.us(2002.79)8、连词及与并置问题连词连接的前后两部分是

20、否合乎逻辑；并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同。这两点是解答与连词及其相关问题的高考英语改错题的关键所在。(1)It was very kind of them to meet me at the stationand drove me to their home. drive(1996.89)(2)Playing football not only makes us grow up tall andstrong but also give us a sense of fair play and teamspirit. gives(1998.90)(3)She was smiling bu

21、t nodding at me. and(2000.82)(4)I remembered her words and clam down.calmed(2000.83)(5)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and aguest. or(2001.84)(6)The food was expensive and the service was good.but(2002.80)(7)As we climbed the mountain，we fed monkeys，visitingtemples and told stories.

22、visited(2002.83)9、易混淆的词或词组易混淆的词既包括词意相同或相近的同义词、近义词，也包括外形相似、意义有别的词组。易混淆词或词组的辨析也是高考改错题中不容忽视的部分。(1).but now I am interesting in football.interested(1997.93)(2)We must keep in mind that we play for the teaminsteadourselves. of(1998.92)(3)Now I cant watch television，but a few years ago Iwas used to watch

23、it every night.was(注：was为需删去的词)(1999.87)(4)Unfortunately，there are too many people among myfamily. in(1999.90)(5)They did not want me to do any work at family；theywant me to. home(2001.80)(6)Do they really understand their daughter？What thingsare in other homes，I wonder. How(2001.85)(7)Evening came

24、down. down(注：down为需删去的词)(2002.83)以上错误类型的划分不一定很科学，但至少能为考生解答高考英语改错题提供思考方法。一旦考生认清了高考英语改错题的特点、解题方法以及错误类型，解题时就不会盲目从事，而能做到有的放矢。高考改错口诀（一） 见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语见到名词想多数，可不可数要记牢见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理小小of常抓的点，of前名词adj最高级（二） 谓与非谓经常混, 谓语句中就一个其余动词非谓语, 常见形式有三种ving ved 和to do, 主宾通常ving现在分词表主动, 过去分词表被动目的要用不定式, 改错要

25、想拿高分语法口诀要记牢（三） 规则是说谎 lie lied lied不规则是躺 lie lay lain躺过就下蛋 lay laid laid下蛋不规则01In Feb. 2nd 1979, Chinas Vice-premier 76 Deng Xiaoping was at a visit to the U.S. 77 He was in the space flight center near to Houston 78 Texas. Sat in the pilots seat of a model of 79 a space shuttle（航天飞机）,he wasasked to

26、touch a button 80 to make it landing on the earth from 81 a height of 95,000 feet, that he did. From 82 windows of the craft, he could see the earth 83 coming up to meet him as a returned space pilot 84 would see it. Millions of people in both China andthe US watch this on TV with delight. 85 02Some

27、 Americans judge success on the length 76 of his vacations . The man who gets a months 77 vacation each year consider himself more successful 78 than the man gets two weeks . Many people want 79 to be teachers because it is teachers who can 80 get three-month vacation every year . Some college 81 te

28、achers who teach the three classes consider 82 themselves less successful than that who teach 83 only one or two , or none in all . In short , the less 84 work Americans do , the less successful they 85 consider themselves .03A man with two bad burned ears went to see 76 his doctor. “What has happen

29、ed on you?” asked the 77 doctor. “Well, my wife is ironing while 78 I was watching a ball game on TV. She put on the 79 hot iron near the telephone then my phone 80 rang. I answered the iron instead of the phone.” 81 The doctor nodded. “But what had 82 happened to other ear?” The man said, “Hardly h

30、ad 83 I hanged up, when the same person called up 84 again.” The doctor cant help laughing when he heard this. 85 04Dear classmates,Now Id like to tell you why I learn English. I often 56._read English aloud and try learn something important by 57. _hearts, which helps me remember it easily and form 58. _the good habit of thinking in English. I listen to a lot and 59. _talk with others in English. In this way, I was improved 60. _my spoken English. I keep a diary in English every day but