托福SAT雅思GREGMATLSAT 通用提高阅读速度.docx

托福SAT雅思GREGMATLSAT 通用提高阅读速度.docx

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托福SAT雅思GREGMATLSAT通用提高阅读速度

托福.SAT.雅思.GRE.GMAT.LSAT通用提高阅读速度

TIPSFORINCREASINGREADINGSPEED

Asoureyesmoveacrossthepagetheymakeaseriesofjerkymovements.Whenevertheycometorestonawordthatiscalledafixation.Mostpeoplefixateonceoneachwordacrossalineofprint. Inordertomakeourspeedincreasewemusttakeinmorewordswitheachfixation,ratherthanmakeoureyesmovefaster.

1.Trytoavoidfocusingoneveryword,butratherlookatgroupsof2to3words.Forinstance,thissentencecouldbegroupedinthismanner:

forinstance/thissentence/couldbegrouped/inthismanner'

2.Workonvocabularyimprovement.Familiarizeyourselfwithnewwordssoyoudon'tgetstuckonthemwhenyoureadthemagain.

3.Readmore!

15minutesadayofreadinganaveragesizenovelequals18booksayearatanaveragereadingspeed!

4.Determineyourpurposebeforereading.Ifyouonlyneedmainideas,thenallowyourselftoskimthematerial.Don'tfeelyoumustreadveryword.

5.Spendafewminutesadayreadingatafasterthancomfortablerate（about2to3timesfasterthanyournormalspeed.Useyourhandoranindexcardtoguideyoureyesdownthepage.Thentimeyourselfreadingafewpagesatyournormalspeed.You'llfindthatoftenyournormalreadingspeedwillincreaseafteryourskimmingpractice.

6. Ifyouhavepoorconcentrationwhenreading,practicereadingforonly5-10minutesatatimeandgraduallyincreasethistime.

7.Thereareseveralbooksonincreasingreadingspeedavailableinmostbookstores.Ifyouareseriousaboutincreasingyourrateyoumaywanttoworksystematicallythroughoneofthesebooks 

SUGGESTIONSFORIMPROVINGREADINGSPEED

ImprovementofReadingRate

Itissafetosaythatalmostanyonecandoublehisspeedofreadingwhilemaintainingequalorevenhighercomprehension.Inotherwords,anyonecanimprovethespeedwithwhichhegetswhathewantsfromhisreading.

Theaveragecollegestudentreadsbetween250and350wordsperminuteonfictionandnon-technicalmaterials.A"good"readingspeedisaround500to700wordsperminute,butsomepeoplecanreadathousandwordsperminuteorevenfasteronthesematerials.Whatmakesthedifference?

Therearethreemainfactorsinvolvedinimprovingreadingspeed:

（1thedesiretoimprove,（2thewillingnesstotrynewtechniquesand（3themotivationtopractice.:

Learningtoreadrapidlyandwellpresupposesthatyouhavethenecessaryvocabularyandcomprehensionskills.Whenyouhaveadvancedonthereadingcomprehensionmaterialstoalevelatwhichyoucanunderstandcollege-levelmaterials,youwillbereadytospeedreadingpracticeinearnest.

TheRoleofSpeedintheReadingProcess

Understandingtheroleofspeedinthereadingprocessisessential.Researchhasshownacloserelationbetweenspeedandunderstanding.Forexample,incheckingprogresschartsofthousandsofindividualstakingreadingtraining,ithasbeenfoundinmostcasesthatanincreaseinratehasbeenparalleledbyanincreaseincomprehension,andthatwhereratehasgonedown,comprehensionhasalsodecreased.

Althoughthereisatpresentlittlestatisticalevidence,itseemsthatploddingword-by-wordanalysis（orwordreadinginhibitsunderstanding.Thereissomereasontobelievethatthefactorsproducingslowreadingarealsoinvolvedinloweredcomprehension.Mostadultsareabletoincreasetheirrateofreadingconsiderablyandratherquicklywithoutloweringcomprehension.Thesesameindividualsseldomshowanincreaseincomprehensionwhentheyreducetheirrate.Inothercases,comprehensionisactuallybetterathigherratesofspeed.Suchresults,ofcourse,areheavilydependentuponthemethodusedtogaintheincreasedrate.Simplyreadingmorerapidlywithoutactualimprovementinbasicreadinghabitsusuallyresultsinloweredcomprehension.

FactorsthatReduceReadingRate

Someofthefactswhichreducereadingrate:

（alimitedperceptualspani.e.,word-by-wordreading;（bslowperceptualreactiontime,i.e.,slownessofrecognitionandresponsetothematerial;（cvocalization,includingtheneedtovocalizeinordertoachievecomprehension;（dfaultyeyemovements,includinginaccuracyinplacementofthepage,inreturnsweep,inrhythmandregularityofmovement,etc.;（eregression,bothhabitualandasassociatedwithhabitsofconcentration;（ffaultyhabitsofattentionandconcentration,beginningwithsimpleinattentionduringthereadingactandfaultyprocessesofretention;（glackofpracticeinreading,duesimplytothefactthatthepersonhasreadverylittleandhaslimitedreadinginterestssothatverylittlereadingispracticedinthedailyorweeklyschedule;（hfearoflosingcomprehension,causingthepersontosuppresshisratedeliberatelyinthefirmbeliefthatcomprehensionisimprovedifhespendsmoretimeontheindividualwords;（ihabitualslowreading,inwhichthepersoncannotreadfasterbecausehehasalwaysreadslowly,（jpoorevaluationofwhichaspectsareimportantandwhichareunimportant;and（ktheefforttoremembereverythingratherthantorememberselectively.

Sincetheseconditionsactalsotoreducecomprehensionincreasingthereadingratethrougheliminatingthemislikelytoresultinincreasedcomprehensionaswell.Thisisanentirelydifferentmatterfromsimplyspeedinguptherateofreadingwithoutreferencetotheconditionsresponsiblefortheslowrate.Infact,simplyspeedingtherateespeciallythroughforcedacceleration,mayactuallyresult,andoftendoes,inmakingtherealreadingproblemmoresevere.Inaddition,forcedaccelerationmayevendestroyconfidenceinabilitytoread.Theobvioussolutionthenistoincreaserateasapartofatotalimprovementofthewholereadingprocess.Thisisafunctionofspecialtrainingprogramsinreading.

BasicConditionsforIncreasedReadingRate

Awellplannedprogrampreparesformaximumincreaseinratebyestablishingthenecessaryconditions.Fourbasicconditionsinclude:

1.Haveyoureyeschecked.Beforeembarkingonaspeedreadingprogram,makesurethatanycorrectableeyedefectsyoumayhavearetakencareofbycheckingwithyoureyedoctor.Often,veryslowreadingisrelatedtouncorrectedeyedefects.

2.Eliminatethehabitofpronouncingwordsasyouread.Ifyousoundoutwordsinyourthroatorwhisperthem,youcanreadslightlyonlyasfastasyoucanreadaloud.Youshouldbeabletoreadmostmaterialsatleasttwoorthreetimesfastersilentlythanorally.Ifyouareawareofsoundingor"hearing"wordsasyouread,trytoconcentrateonkeywordsandmeaningfulideasasyouforceyourselftoreadfaster.

3.Avoidregressing（rereading.Theaveragestudentreadingat250wordsperminuteregressesorrereadsabout20timesperpage.Rereadingwordsandphrasesisahabitwhichwillslowyourreadingspeeddowntoasnail'space.Usually,itisunnecessarytorereadwords,fortheideasyouwantareexplainedandelaboratedmorefullyinlatercontexts.Furthermore,theslowestreaderusuallyregressesmostfrequently.Becausehereadsslowly,hismindhastimetowanderandhisrereadingreflectsbothhisinabilitytoconcentrateandhislackofconfidenceinhiscomprehensionskills.

4.Developawidereye-span.Thiswillhelpyoureadmorethanonewordataglance.Sincewrittenmaterialislessmeaningfulifreadwordbyword,thiswillhelpyoulearntoreadbyphrasesorthoughtunits.

RateAdjustment

Poorresultsareinevitableifthereaderattemptstousethesamerateindiscriminatelyfora-1typesofmaterialandforallreadingpurposes.Hemustlearntoadjusthisratetohispurposeinreadingandtothedifficultyofthematerialheisreading.Thisrangesfromamaximumrateoneasy,familiar,interestingmaterialorinreadingtogatherinformationonaparticularpoint,tominimalrateonmaterialwhichisunfamiliarincontentandlanguagestructureorwhichmustbethoroughlydigested.Theeffectivereaderadjustshisrate;theineffectivereaderusesthesamerateforalltypesofmaterial.

Rateadjustmentmaybeoveralladjustmenttothearticleasawhole,orinternaladjustmentwithinthearticle.Overalladjustmentestablishesthebasicrateatwhichthetotalarticleisread;internaladjustmentinvolvesthenecessaryvariationsinrateforeachvariedpartofthematerial.Asananalogy,youplantotakea100-milemountaintrip.Sincethiswillbearelativelyharddrivewithhills,curves,andamountainpass,youdecidetotakethreehoursforthetotaltrip,averagingabout35milesanhour.Thisisyouroverallrateadjustment.However,inactualdrivingyoumayslowdowntonomorethan15milesperhouronsomecurvesandhills,whilespeedingupto50milesperhourormoreonrelativelystraightandlevelsections.Thisisyourinternalrateadjustment.Thereisnosetrate,therefore,whichthegoodreaderfollowsinflexiblyinreadingaparticularselection,eventhoughhehassethimselfanoverallrateforthetotaljob.

Overallrateadjustmentshouldbebasedonyourreadingplan,yourreadingpurpose,andthenatureanddifficultyofthematerial.Thereadingplanitselfshouldspecifythegeneralratetobeused.Thisisbasedonthetotal"sizeup".Itmaybehelpfultoconsiderexamplesofhowpurposecanacttohelpdeterminetheratetobeused.Tounderstandinformation,skimorscanatarapidrate.Todeterminevalueofmaterialortoreadforenjoyment,readrapidlyorslowlyaccordingtoyoufeeling.Toreadanalytically,readatamoderatepacetopermitinterrelatingideas.Thenatureanddifficultyofthematerialrequiresanadjustment