英语演讲技巧.docx

英语演讲技巧.docx

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英语演讲技巧

I．          PowerfulPublicSpeaking

byLorenD.Crane,Ph.D.,Ed.byZhuYaoyun@SDU

1.1Attention

Conversationallimit4min

Sustainedattentionlimit40seconds

Changeprimary

Principle1:

Aprofessionalisrelevant,original,andprovideschangetocontinuallyrecaptureattentionoftheaudience.

1.2Perception

Speakercredibility:

expertise（experienceorsourceofinformation）

trust（honesty---

                                 self-disclosureandnonverbalconsistency

asshownintheperceptionpyramid）

（Perceptionpyramid:

Words---7%//Stressinvoice--38%//   Physical---55%）

Principle2:

Aprofessionalestablishescredibilitybyexperience,sources,self-disclosureandnonverbalconsistency.

1.3Language

Themajorfeaturesofverbalspeech:

Juxtaposition:

simplestructure

oneideaisplacednexttoanotherideainthesimplestwaypossible.

Redundancy:

repetition（ofimportantideas）

Repetition（tellthemwhatyouaregoingtotellthem）

Repetition（tellthem）

Repetition（tellthemwhatyouhavetoldthem）

Informality:

personallanguage（personalpronouns）

IYOUWEUS

Delivery:

varietyin（movement,gesture,andvoice）

Principle3:

AprofessionalunderstandsspokenEnglishhassimplestructure,frequentrepetition,personallanguage,andvarietyindelivery.

1.4Memory

1.4.1Nextdaymemory  1/4

1.4.2NumberofPointsmemorya.7+2=5//9

（Aspeechisnearthelowendoftheformula.）

b.3points

1.4.3

Position 

ucanremember70%infomation heardatthebeginningofaspeech  

        （effectofprimacy）

    -------------20%inthemiddleofthespeech 

100%attheendofthespeech

（effectofrecency） 

Keypointsshouldstandoutasdifferentandalsobe repeatedintheintroductionandconclusion.

1.4.4Abstract-concrete:

               memoryisfacilitatedbyrelatinganideatoanimage.Therefore,  eachmainideainaspeechshouldbematchedtosomeimagery.

1.4.5Emotion:

emotivelanguageanddeliveryemphasis

Principle4:

Aprofessionalfacilitatesmemorybydesignofthespeech:

fewpoints,primacy,recency,difference,idea-imagery,emotivelanguage,anddeliveryemphasis.

1.5SpeechFormat

SpeakingRealitiesandSpeechFormat

AttentionPerceptionLanguageMemoryFormat

RelevantIntroduction

RepetitionPrimacyPreview

OriginalExperienceSimpleFewPointsMessage

SourcesRepetitionIdea-Imagery

Self-disclosurePersonalDifference

Emotivelang.

RepetitionRecencyReview

RelevantConclusion

ChangesNonverbalVarietyEmphasisDelivery

Principle5:

Aprofessionalunderstandswhyaspeechhasasimplestructure.

I.              Presentationtipsforpublicspeaking!

II.  Presentationlinks（seefarbelow）

Retrievedfrom

I.              Presentationtipsforpublicspeaking!

Knowtheneedsofyouraudienceandmatchyourcontentstotheirneeds.Knowyourmaterialthoroughly.Putwhatyouhavetosayinalogicalsequence.Ensureyourspeechwillbecaptivatingtoyouraudienceaswellasworththeirtimeandattention.Practiceandrehearseyourspeechathomeorwhereyoucanbeateaseandcomfortable,infrontofamirror,yourfamily,friendsorcolleagues.Useatape-recorderandlistentoyourself.Videotapeyourpresentationandanalyzeit.Knowwhatyourstrongandweakpointsare.Emphasizeyourstrongpointsduringyourpresentation.

Whenyouarepresentinginfrontofanaudience,youareperformingasanactorisonstage.Howyouarebeingperceivedisveryimportant.Dressappropriatelyfortheoccasion.Besolemnifyourtopicisserious.Presentthedesiredimagetoyouraudience.Lookpleasant,enthusiastic,confident,proud,butnotarrogant.Remaincalm.Appearrelaxed,evenifyoufeelnervous.Speakslowly,enunciateclearly,andshowappropriateemotionandfeelingrelatingtoyourtopic.Establishrapportwithyouraudience.Speaktothepersonfarthestawayfromyoutoensureyourvoiceisloudenoughtoprojecttothebackoftheroom.Varythetoneofyourvoiceanddramatizeifnecessary.Ifamicrophoneisavailable,adjustandadaptyourvoiceaccordingly.

Bodylanguageisimportant.Standing,walkingormovingaboutwithappropriatehandgestureorfacialexpressionispreferredtosittingdownorstandingstillwithheaddownandreadingfromapreparedspeech.Useaudio-visualaidsorpropsforenhancementifappropriateandnecessary.MastertheuseofpresentationsoftwaresuchasPowerPointwellbeforeyourpresentation.Donotover-dazzleyouraudiencewithexcessiveuseofanimation,soundclips,orgaudycolorswhichareinappropriateforyourtopic.Donottortureyouraudiencebyputtingalengthydocumentintinyprintonanoverheadandreadingitouttothem.

Speakwithconvictionasifyoureallybelieveinwhatyouaresaying.Persuadeyouraudienceeffectively.Thematerialyoupresentorallyshouldhavethesameingredientsasthatwhicharerequiredforawrittenresearchpaper,i.e.alogicalprogressionfromINTRODUCTION（Thesisstatement）toBODY（strongsupportingarguments,accurateandup-to-dateinformation）toCONCLUSION（re-statethesis,summary,andlogicalconclusion）.

Donotreadfromnotesforanyextendedlengthoftimealthoughitisquiteacceptabletoglanceatyournotesinfrequently.Speakloudlyandclearly.Soundconfident.Donotmumble.Ifyoumadeanerror,correctit,andcontinue.Noneedtomakeexcusesorapologizeprofusely.

Maintainsincereeyecontactwithyouraudience.Usethe3-secondmethod,e.g.lookstraightintotheeyesofapersonintheaudiencefor3secondsatatime.Havedirecteyecontactwithanumberofpeopleintheaudience,andeverynowandthenglanceatthewholeaudiencewhilespeaking.Useyoureyecontacttomakeeveryoneinyouraudiencefeelinvolved.

Speaktoyouraudience,listentotheirquestions,respondtotheirreactions,adjustandadapt.Ifwhatyouhavepreparedisobviouslynotgettingacrosstoyouraudience,changeyourstrategymid-streamifyouarewellpreparedtodoso.Rememberthatcommunicationisthekeytoasuccessfulpresentation.Ifyouareshortoftime,knowwhatcanbesafelyleftout.Ifyouhaveextratime,knowwhatcouldbeeffectivelyadded.Alwaysbepreparedfortheunexpected.

Pause.Allowyourselfandyouraudiencealittletimetoreflectandthink.Don'tracethroughyourpresentationandleaveyouraudience,aswellasyourself,feelingoutofbreath.

Addhumorwheneverappropriateandpossible.Keepaudienceinterestedthroughoutyourentirepresentation.Rememberthataninterestingspeechmakestimefly,butaboringspeechisalwaystoolongtoendureevenifthepresentationtimeisthesame.

Whenusingaudio-visualaidstoenhanceyourpresentation,besureallnecessaryequipmentissetupandingoodworkingorderpriortothepresentation.Ifpossible,haveanemergencybackupsystemreadilyavailable. Checkoutthelocationaheadoftimetoensureseatingarrangementsforaudience,whiteboard,blackboard,lighting,locationofprojectionscreen,soundsystem,etc.aresuitableforyourpresentation.

Havehandoutsreadyandgivethemoutattheappropriatetime.Tellaudienceaheadoftimethatyouwillbegivingoutanoutlineofyourpresentationsothattheywillnotwastetimetakingunnecessarynotesduringyourpresentation.

KnowwhentoSTOPtalking.Useatimerorthemicrowaveovenclocktotimeyourpresentationwhenpreparingitathome.Justasyoudon'tuseunnecessarywordsinyourwrittenpaper,youdon'tboreyouraudiencewithrepetitiousorunnecessarywordsinyouroralpresentation.Toendyourpresentation,summarizeyourmainpointsinthesamewayasyounormallydointheCONCLUSIONofawrittenpaper.Remember,however,thatthereisadifferencebetweenspokenwordsappropriatefortheearandformallywrittenwordsintendedforreading.Terminateyourpresentationwithaninterestingremarkoranappropriatepunchline.Leaveyourlistenerswithapositiveimpressionandasenseofcompletion.Donotbelaboryourclosingremarks.Thankyouraudienceandsitdown.

Havethewrittenportionofyourassignmentorreportreadyforyourinstructorifrequired.

Presentationlinks:

AllynandBacon'sPublicSpeakingWebsitecontainsfivemodulesthathelpyouprepareyourspeeches.

TheArtofCommunicatingEffectively.Tipsforasuccessfulpresentation.

ArticlesandPublicationswithpresentationtipsandsuggestionsfromProfessionalBusinessCommunications.

ArtofPublicSpeaking.Hintsandtipsonpublicspeaking,publicspeakingnervesandanxiety.

ArtofSpeakinginPublicbyMahavirMohnot,India.Contents:

SpeakinginPublicConfidently,ChecklistforaGoodSpeaker,TipstoPrepareYourSpeech,HowtoDeliveraSpeech,MoreTipsforEffectiveSpeaking,FormalSpeeches,MotivationalSpeech,Rhyme&ChimeofPublicSpeaking,LinkstoFamousSpeeches:

JohnF.Kennedy,AbrahamLincoln,MotherTeresa,MartinLutherKing,Jr.,MarkAnthony,andNehru.（Pop-upads）.

BrianCarter'sPublicSpeakingTips.Publicspeakingresourcewitharticles,tips,sampletopics,andspeechexamples.

EffectivePresentations.UCLASponsoredResearch.Includespracticaltipsoneffectiveslidepresentationsuchas:

Sevenwordsaline,sevenlinesaslide.

PresentationHelper.Helpandadviceforyourpresentations.

PresentationPoints.ModifiedfromNeuro-LinquisticProgrammingPractitionersCourse.

PresentationSkillsforEmergentManagers.Presentationsviewedasoneofthefirstmanagerialskillsneededbyanemergentmanager.Fndoutwhatapresentationcandoforyou.（Pop-upads）.

PresentersUniversity.ArticlesonDeliverySkills.Learnhowtobeanimpactfulpowerprese