届高考英语精选备考题库系列含详解阅读理解2.docx
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届高考英语精选备考题库系列含详解阅读理解2
2018届高考英语二轮复习精选备考题库系列(含详解):
阅读理解
(二)
备战2018高考,精选阅读200篇,适合高三上学期使用,希望对大家有帮助。
(2011年8月)
Haveyouevernoticedthecolourofthewaterinariverorstreamafteraheavyrainfall?
Whatdoyouthinkcausedthischangeincolour?
Itissoilthathasbeenwashedintotheriverfromtheriverbankorfromthenearbyfields*
ComponentsofSoil
Soilismadeupofanumberoflayers(层),eachhavingitsowndistinctivecolourandtexture*Theupperlayerisknownasthelitter*Itactslikeablanket,limitingtemperaturechangesandreducingwaterloss*Thetopsoillayerismadeupofsmallparticlesofrockmixedwithrottenplantandanimalmattercalledhumus(腐殖质),whichisblackandgivesthetopsoilitsdarkcolour*Thislayerisusuallyrichinnutrients,oxygen,andwater*Belowthetopsoilisthesubsoil,alayerthatcontainsmorestonesmixedwithonlysmallamountsoforganicmatter*Thislayerislighterincolourbecauseofthelackofhumus*Beneaththesoilliesalayerofbedrock*
Soilformsfromthebottomup*Overtimebedrockisattackedbyrain,wind,frost,andsnow*Itisgraduallybrokendownintosmallerparticlesinaprocesscalledweathering*Plantsbegintogrow,androttenmaterialsenrichthetopsoil*MostofthesoilinEasternCanada,forexample,wasformedfromweatheredrockthatwasexposedwhentheicedisappeared12,000yearsago*
WaterBeneaththeSoil
Surfacewatercollectsandflowsabovethegroundinlakes,ponds,andrivers*Onceinthesoilorrock,itiscalledgroundwater*Gravitypullsgroundwaterthroughthesoilinaprocesscalledpercolation(渗透)*Eventuallythewaterreachesalayercalledthewatertable*Underthisisbedrockthroughwhichwatercannotpercolate*
Aswaterpercolatesdownward,itdissolvesorganicmatterandmineralsfromthesoilandcarriesthemtodeeperlayers*Thiscausesaseriousproblembecauseplantsrequirethesenutrientsforgrowth*
SoilpH
Soilcanbeacidic,neutral,orbasic*ThepHofthesoilisdeterminedbythenatureoftherockfromwhichitwasformed,andbythenatureoftheplantsthatgrowandrotinit*
TheacidityofrainandsnowcanlowerthepHofthegroundwaterthatentersthesoil*Byburningfossilfuelssuchascoal,oilandgasoline,humanshavebeencontributingtohigherlevelsofacidityinmanysoils*Whenfossilfuelsareburned,gasesarereleasedintotheairandthenfallbacktoearthasacidrain*Acidsoilincreasestheproblemofcarryingnutrientstolowersoillevels*Asnutrientsareremoved,soilislessfertile*Plantsgrowmoreslowlyinacidicsoil,andalsobecomeeasilyattackedbydiseases*
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇科普文,介绍了土壤的构成与土壤的pH对于植物生长的影响。
1*Thelayerofsoilthatprovidesnecessarynutrientsforplantgrowthiscalled________*
A*litter B*topsoil
C*humusD*subsoil
[解析] 考查细节理解。
根据文章第二段中的“Thetopsoillayerismadeupofsmallparticlesofrockmixedwithrottenplant***whichisblackandgivesthetopsoilitsdarkcolour*Thislayerisusuallyrichinnutrients”可知给植物提供必要营养的土层是topsoillayer。
[答案] B
2*Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A*Soilformsfromweatheredrockontheearthsurface*
B*Thedeeperlayerofsoilisdarkerincolourthanthesurfacesoil*
C*Airpollutionispartiallyresponsibleforacidsoil*
D*Groundwatertendstocarryawaynutrientsforplantgrowth*
[解析] 考查细节判断。
根据文章第二段中的“Belowthetopsoilisthesubsoil,alayerthatcontainsmorestonesmixedwithonlysmallamountsoforganicmatter*Thislayerislighterincolourbecauseofthelackofhumus”可知,并不是土层深,它的颜色就深。
[答案] B
3*Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthewatertablelies________*
A*betweenthetopsoillayerandthesubsoillayer
B*inthesubsoillayerabovebedrock
C*betweenthesubsoillayerandbedrock
D*inthebedrocklayerbeneaththesubsoil
[解析] 考查细节理解。
根据文章第四段中的“Eventuallythewaterreachesalayercalledthewatertable*Underthisisbedrockthroughwhichwatercannotpercolate”可知watertable是位于bedrock之上的一个土层,它是独立存在的不属于其他层,因此选项C正确。
[答案] C
4*Theunderlinedword“dissolve”isusedtoexpresstheideathatorganicmatterandmineralsfromsoilare________*
A*rushedawayintotheriver
B*cleanedandpurifiedbywater
C*destroyedandcarriedawaybywater
D*mixedwithwaterandbecomepartofit
[解析] 考查词义猜测。
根据本句中的“***andcarriesthemtodeeperlayers”可知营养物质是在被水溶解之后才被带到更深的土层中去的。
[答案] D
ThelatestresearchsuggeststhatthekeyfactorseparatinggeniusesfromthemerelyaccomplishedisnotIQ,agenerallybadpredictorofsuccess*Instead,it’spurposefulpractice*Topperformersspendmorehourspractisingtheircraft*Ifyouwantedtopicturehowatypicalgeniusmightdevelop,you’dtakeagirlwhopossessedaslightlyaboveaveragelanguageability*Itwouldn’thavetobeabigtalent,justenoughsothatshemightgainsomesenseofdistinction*Thenyouwouldwanthertomeet,say,anovelist,whocoincidentallysharedsomesimilarqualities*Maybethewriterwasfromthesametown,hadthesamefamilybackground,or,sharedthesamebirthday*
Thiscontactwouldgivethegirlavisionofherfutureself*Itwouldgivehersomeideaofafascinatingcircleshemightsomedayjoin*Itwouldalsohelpifoneofherparentsdiedwhenshewas12,givingherastrongsenseofinsecurityandfuellingadesperateneedforsuccess*Armedwiththisambition,shewouldreadnovelsandlifestoriesofwriterswithoutend*Thiswouldgiveheraprimaryknowledgeofherfield*She’dbeabletoseenewwritingindeeperwaysandquicklyunderstanditsinnerworkings*
Thenshewouldpractisewriting*Herpracticewouldbeslow,painstakinganderrorfocused*Bypractisinginthisway,shedelaystheautomatizingprocess*Hermindwantstoturnconscious,newlylearnedskillsintounconscious,automaticallyperformedskills*Bypractisingslowly,bybreakingskillsdownintotinypartsandrepeating,sheforcesthebraintointernalizeabetterpatternofperformance*Thenshewouldfindanadviserwhowouldprovideaconstantstreamoffeedback,viewingherperformancefromtheoutside,correctingthesmallesterrors,pushinghertotakeontougherchallenges*Bynowsheisredoingproblems—howdoIgetcharactersintoaroom—dozensanddozensoftimes*Sheisestablishinghabitsofthoughtshecancalluponinordertounderstandorsolvefutureproblems*
Theprimaryqualityouryoungwriterpossessesisnotsomemysteriousgenius*It’stheabilitytodevelopapurposeful,laboriousandboringpracticeroutine*Thelatestresearchtakessomeofthemagicoutofgreatachievement*Butitunderlinesafactthatisoftenneglected*Publicdiscussionisaffectedbygeneticsandwhatwe’re“hardwired”todo*Andit’struethatgenesplayaroleinourcapabilities*Butthebrainisalsoveryplastic*Weconstructourselvesthroughbehavior*
[语篇解读] 你依然认为天才由基因决定,认为自己不可能成为天才吗?
一项新的研究表明:
成功并不取决于人的IQ,而是通过后天有目的的训练得来的。
1*Thepassagemainlydealswith________*
A*thefunctionofIQincultivatingawriter
B*therelationshipbetweengeniusandsuccess
C*thedecisivefactorinmakingagenius
D*thewayofgainingsomesenseofdistinction
[解析] 主旨大意题。
这篇文章主要讲了决定成功的主要因素并不是IQ,而是些后天的、有目的的训练和努力。
所以C项正确。
A、B两项不符合文章意思;D项不具体。
[答案] C
2*Byreadingnovelsandwriters’stories,thegirlcould________*
A*cometounderstandtheinnerstructureofwriting
B*joinafascinatingcircleofwriterssomeday
C*sharewithanovelistherlikesanddislikes
D*learnfromthelivingexamplestoestablishasenseofsecurity
[解析] 细节判断题。
依据文章第二段的“Thiswouldgiveheraprimaryknowledgeofherfield*She’dbeabletoseenewwritingindeeperwaysandquicklyunderstanditsinnerworkings*”可知A项正确。
[答案] A
3*Inthegirl’slongpainstakingtrainingprocess,________*
A*heradviserformsaprimarychallengingforcetohersuccess
B*herwritingturnsintoanautomaticpatternofperformance
C*sheacquiresthemagicofsomegreatachievements
D*shecomestorealizesheis“hardwired”towrite
[解析] 细节理解题。
根据文章第三段的“Bypractisinginthisway,shedelaystheautomatizingprocess*Hermindwantstoturnconscious,newlylearnedskillsintounconscious,automaticallyperfomedskills*”可知B项正确。
[答案] B
4*Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?
A*Afuellingambitionplaysaleadingroleinone’ssuccess*
B*Aresponsibleadviserismoreimportantthantheknowledgeofwriting*
C*Astothegrowthofagenius,IQdoesn’tmatter,butjusthis/herefforts*
D*Whatreallymattersiswhatyoudoratherthanwhoyouare*
[解析] 推理判断题。
文章主要讲述:
一个人的成功并不是由IQ决定的而是通过后天的努力训练得来的。
D项“重要的不是你是谁而是你做了什么”符合文章主旨大意。
[答案] D
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