英语句子成分与结构.docx
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英语句子成分与结构
英语句子成分及简单句型结构
一、介绍与其重要性
学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。
英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律,掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配,就能写出完整、正确的句子。
句子是写作的基本单位,只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。
英语的句子成分有八种。
定义:
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分:
主语和谓语
次要成分:
表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
二、英语句子成分分析解读
找出句中主语
Thesunrisesintheeast.
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.
Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.
Seeingisbelieving.
Toseeistobelieve.
Helikesdancing.
Whatheneedsisabook.
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.
㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:
由动词或动词词组组成
Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?
Helookedaftertwoorphans.
复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;
HecanspeakEnglishwell.
Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,分成不及物动词与和及物动词。
及物动词(vt.):
及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),并且可直接跟宾语。
如:
HereachedParis.
不及物动词(vi.):
不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。
若要跟宾语,必须先在其后加上某个介词。
如:
Look!
Sheissinging.
Lookatmecarefully!
类似的还有:
agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed...
易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词:
误:
dealaproblem正:
dealwithaproblem处理问题
误:
dependsb.正:
dependonsb.依靠(依赖)某人
误:
insistdoingsth.正:
insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事
误:
knockthedoor正:
knockon[at]thedoor敲门
误:
operatesb.正:
operateonsb.为某人做手术
误:
participatesth.正:
participateinsth.参加某事
误:
refersth.正:
refertosth.查阅(参考)某物
误:
relysb./sth.正:
relyonsb./sth.依靠(依赖)
误:
replyaletter正:
replytoaletter回信
(四)表语
(八)同位语
summary
Exercises:
分析句子成分
1.Timefliesfast.
2.Therewillbeagoodmealforusatouraunt’s.
3.Theriverosetenfeetinthenight.
4.Iheardhimshout.
5.Heboughtsomesweetsforhisson.
6.Iprefermycoffeehot.
7.Don’tworryaboutme;justtakecareofyourself.
8.Youcanrelyonhimtodoanythingthatisnecessary.
9.Alotofnoiseisgoingonoutside.
10.Thelittlegirlcandressherselfnow.
11.Itwasapitythatyoudidn’twatchthatwonderfulmatch.
12.Ifeltmyheartbeatrapidly.
13.Doyouwanttocometotheparty?
14.Weshoulddosomethingtohelpthestudentsindifficulties.
15.Howlonghaveyouworkedinthehospital?
三、英语简单句的构成
⏹基本句型:
主语+系动词+表语(主系表)
⏹主语+不及物动词+(其他成分)
⏹主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)
⏹主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
⏹主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补
课堂练习:
分析下列句子的句型结构
1.Youareastudent.
2.Hefelthappytoday.
3.Whatyousaidmademehappy.
4.CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?
5.Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.
6.Helikespopmusic.
7.Istayedawakeuntil11:
30oneeveninginordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonforoncebymyself.
8.Annenamedherdiarykittybecauseshethoughtitwasherbestfriend.
课后练习
一、选择题。
1.Shetriedhard,butshestillcouldn'tmakeus________ourmind.
A.tochangeB.changedC.changeD.changing
2.Whentheoldladyisaloneinthehouse,herdogmakesherfeel______andrelaxed.
A.healthyB.lonelyC.safeD.angry
3.AsEdisongrew______,heneverlosthisinterestinscience.
A.theelderB.elderC.theolderD.older
4.It’snotpolitetostandbyandlookedattheoldman_____.
A.ismadefunofB.beingmadefunof
C.ismadefunD.beingmadefun
5.Theoldmovieremindedthem_____thewonderfultimetheyhadspenttogether.
A.toB.forC.inD.of
6.I'dliketo________youressaywithyouwhenyouhavetime.
A.gooverB.gobyC.goforD.goafter
7.Thereportshowedusveryclearlyhowtheplanegot_______andcrashedintheend.
A.intocontrolB.withincontrol
C.outofcontrol D.undercontrol
8.Mostofthemachinesintheworkshop__________nextmonth.
A.arerepairedB.havebeenrepaired
C.wererepairedD.willberepaired
9.Whenapplyingforajob,youhaveto________aresume.
A.getoffB.handin
C.putoutD.takeaway
10.Thewine________alittlebitterthistime.
A.tastesB.soundsC.looksD.feels
11.Thebosstoldhissecretaryto________thedocumentsforlateruse.
A.putawayB.turnonC.makeupD.breakout
12.Weshould_____thisinmind:
Don’tjudgeapersonbyhisappearance.
A.bearB.putC.placeD.print
13.IfIworkinasmallfactory;itisnot_________formetogainmuchexperience.
A.weeklyB.friendlyC.likelyD.lively
14.Thevillagershaveofferedmuchhelptousandwethinkweshoulddosomethingforthem_____.
A.inreturnB.inplaceC.infashionD.indanger
15.Accordingtothetimetable,thetrainforBeijing______at9:
10p.m.fromMondaytoFriday.
A.wasleavingB.isleavingC.leavesD.hasleft
16.__________isquitedifficultforMarytopasstheinterview.
A.WhatB.ThisC.ThatD.It
17.Mr.Blackislookingforwardto_________hisChinesepartnersoon.
A.seeingB.seeC.beseeingD.haveseen
18.Itriedhard,butIcouldn'tfindthe________totheproblem.
A.solutionB.helpC.replyD.demand
19.English,theyhavetostu