高二英语暑期系统复习7Cloning附解析.docx

高二英语暑期系统复习7Cloning附解析.docx

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高二英语暑期系统复习7Cloning附解析

2019年高二英语暑期系统复习7：

Cloning（附解析）

各个击破

一、单词拼写

1.I（禁止）youtotellanyone.

2.He（欠）£50tohisfather.

3.Hewill（退役）fromthearmynext

year.

4.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepoem___________（大声地）.

5.Iamsurethenewtrafficregulationwillmeetwithastrong____________（反对）fromthepublic.

6.Dr.Johnson_____________（承担）thetaskofwritingacomprehensiveEnglishdictionarylastyear.

7.Inthisschool,ifyouwanttogooutduringschoolhours,youwillneedto________（获得）permissionfromtheheadmaster.

8.Uptonow,scientistshavemadeamajor_____________（突破）inthetreatmentofthedisease.

9.Thescientistshavemadeabreakthroughintheresearchto_____________（抵抗）thedeadlydisease.

10.It’sverydisturbingthatthereistoomuchviolenceinthecommon___________（媒体）.

二、完成句子

1._________________________（所有的努力都白费了）,hewasverydesperate,fallingill.（vain）

2.Shetheresponsibilitythesechanges.（承担...责任）

3.

children（toplay）computergames.（禁止小孩子不玩电脑游戏很难）

4.WethisdiscoveryNewton.（归功于）

5.ItalkedtoSusanaboutit,andshe’sall.（赞同走）

6.You’vedonesomuchworkthatyou.（一定能考及格）

7.Theshiptomakealongvoyage.（此船的现状不适宜远航）

8.ThenewspresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.（他当选美国总统的消息是真的）

三、单项选择

1.Wewillnotsuchattacks,norwillweletthemdestroyourfreedomtolivepeacefullyandsafelyinthegreatestcityintheworld.

A.condemnB.tolerateC.shrinkD.undertake

2.Thefoodwasgoodandwelovedtheatmosphereandthepeople._________itwasagoodevening.

A.AsaresultB.Inconsequence

C.InreturnD.Altogether

3.Attheconference,PresidentObamawantscongressional（国会的）_______ofusingforceagainstIslamic.HealsowantsCongresstoagreeonlimitsontheuseofgroundtroops.

A.agreementB.protectionC.approvalD.objection

4.IcalledtheairlinetomyflightreservationaweekbeforeIleftforCanada.

A.participateB.admitC.appointD.obtain

5.I’mafraidIcan’tcometothestationto____________,solet’ssaygoodbyenow.

A.seeyouoffB.giveyouaway

C.pickyouupD.payyouoff

6.Whatparentssayanddoathomewillhaveagreatimpact__________theirchildren.

A.ofB.onC.inD.to

7.Whenaskedabouthisfutureplans,thepresidentexpressedthedesiretostepaside______theyoungermen.

A.infavourofB.intermsof

C.inneedofD.inpraiseof

8.______moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.

A.LearnB.Learned

C.TolearnD.Tobelearning

9.Maryislookingforanewapartmentforrentandshewantstofind　　　withagarage.

A.itB.thatC.oneD.theone

10.Cloninghumanembryosisnotlegalinmanycountries,______somescientistsarealreadypushingaheadwithresearchinordertoproduceaclonedhumanbaby.

A.asB.ifC.unlessD.while

精益求精

四、阅读理解

【2019届湖北省黄冈市高三9月质量检测】Lessthan5percentofelephantsdiefromcancer,andresearchersmayhavefinallyfiguredoutwhy.

AccordingtoastudyfromTheUniversityofChicago,elephantsproduce“zombiegenes”（僵尸基因）thatcanhelpprotecttheanimalfromcancer.

Here’showitworks:

Humansandotheranimalscarryonecopyofa“mastertumorsuppressor”Gene（主肿瘤抑制基因）.Elephantshave20copies.Scientistsfoundthatgenecancausea“zombiegene”tocomebacktolifewithanewpurpose:

killingcellsindamagedDNA.

Thisisbeneficial,becauseitactsinresponsetogeneticmistakes,errorsmadewhentheDNAisbeingrepaired,saidVincentLynch,anassistantprofessorofhumangeneticsattheUniversityofChicagoandthestudy’sleadauthor,inastatement.“Gettingridofthatcellcanpreventasubsequentcancer.”

Scientistssaythegenealsohelpselephantsenjoylonglives.Theylikelyemergedroughly25to30millionyearsago,whensmall-sizedancestorsofmodernelephantsgrewbigger,Lynchsaid.

ResearcherswanttoconductmorestudiestofindoutexactlyhowthegenesinelephantskilloffcellsindamagedDNA.Thatcouldhelphumans:

studyinghowanimals’bodiesfightoffcancercouldleadtostrategiestotreatpeople.Anestimated17%ofpeopleworldwidedieofcancer,accordingtothestudypublishedinthejournalCellReports.

“Ifwecanunderstandhowthesegenomicchanges（基因组变化）arecontributingtocancerresistance,thenwe’llbeabletostartthinkingabouthowwetranslatethesetoourpatients.”JoshuaSchiffman,professorofpediatricsatUniversityofUtahandaninvestigatoratHuntsmanCancerInstitute,saidinaninterviewwithCNN.

1.Whydoelephantshavealowerriskofdyingfromcancerthanhumans?

A.Theyhaveless“zombiegenes”.

B.Theyeatlessmeatandmoregrass.

C.TheyarehugeenoughtokillcellsindamagedDNA.

D.Theyhavemorecopiesofa“mastertumorsuppressor”gene.

2.The“mastertumorsuppressor”genebringsthefollowingbenefitsexceptthat.

A.itcanprolongelephants’livesB.itcanbetransplantedintohumans

C.itcankillcellsindamagedDNAD.itcanbring“zombiegenes”backtolife

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“these”inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.genomicchangesB.cancerresistance

C.animalsbodiesD.cellsindamagedDNA

4.Whatisstilla“puzzle”forresearchers?

A.Howmanypeopledieofcancer.

B.Whatkindofgenecankillthecancer.

C.Whyweadoptthestrategiestotreatpeople.

D.HowthegenesdefeatthecellsindamagedDNA.

五、七选五

FourRulesforSuccessfulPlantCloning

【2019届高三第三次全国大联考】Plantgrowershavetwochoiceswhenitcomestostartingnewplants:

growingfromseed,orplantcloning.Andplantclonesofferadvantagesthatgrowingplantsfromseedcan’toffer.1.,andaslongasyoudothecloningyourself,youknowwhothemotherplantisandhowyourcloneswillgrow,yield,andgetyouhigh.Butit’sanartandsciencetoplantcloning.

Takeyourplantcuttingsfromahealthymotherplant.Plantcloninggivesyougeneticcopiesofyourmotherplant.2.,yourclonesgetthebeststartpossibly.Avoidusingmotherplantsthataresick,orthatareplaguedwithpests.

3..Mostplantclonesprefertemperaturesslightlyhigherthanyouridealgrowroomtemperature,andtheydon’tlikeadayandnightcyclewithatemperaturedropatnight.That’swhymostgrowersroottheircuttingsunderlightingthatstayson24hoursaday.Thelightingitselfcreatestemperaturestabilization.Temperaturesbetween74-77degreesFahrenheit（华氏度）aretherangeyouwant.

Cloneslikehighhumidity（湿度）.Yourcuttingsneedahumidenvironmentinthe75-95%humidityrangeuntilthey’vecreatedrootsandareabletointakewaterthroughthem.That’swhymanyplantclonersusehumiditycovers.4.,they’lldie.

Usesterile（无菌的）equipmentandmaterials.Youalreadyfiguredoutthatyourscissors,knife,orothertoolsforcuttingcloneshastobeclean.Butyoualsowanttomakesureyoutrays,cloningcovers,androotzonemediaarecleanandsteriletoo.Don’treusecloningcubesorcloningpowdersandgels（凝胶）.5..

Whenyoufollowtheseplantcloningtips,yourclonesuccessrateshouldbenearly100%.

A.Startfresheverytime

B.UsekindLEDlighting

C.Giveyourplantclonesconsistentclimate

D.Growingfromclonesyou’resuretohaveallfemales

E.Ifyou’retaking20clonesandseeingonly10ofthemsurvive

F.Untilyourcloneshavefunctioningroots,ifthey’reindryair

G.Ifyourmotherplantsarestrong,healthy,andhavepotentgenetics

六、短文改错

【2019届湖北省荆门市高三元月调研考试】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删改或修改。

增加：

在缺词处加一个漏字符号（˄），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：

把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：

在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

AChinesescientist,Mr.HeJiankuiclaimedthathehassuccessfullycreatedtheworld’sfirstgenetically-editedbabies.Inainterview,Mr.Hesaidhehadeditedthegeneticsubstance,orDNA,

oftwingirls

bornafewweeksearly.ThoughMr.He’sclaimwasimmediatelycondemnedbysomescientistsasunsafeand

unethical,buthedefendedhiswork.Hesaidthegeneediting,thatwastohelpprotectthebabiesfromtheirfutureinfectionofHIV,thevirusresponsiblewithAIDS,wasperfectlysafe.Manyscientistsworkingingeneticssayhebelieveanyexperimentsperformingthiswayaredangerous.

IntheUnitedStatesandothercountry,thiskindofgeneeditingisstrictlybanned.Whatscientistsareworriedaboutthatsuchchangestoaperson’sDNAmayharmhis/herothergenesandleadtodeadlydiseases.

各个击破

一、单词拼写

1.forbid2.owes3.retire4.aloud5.objection

6.undertook7.obtain8.breakthrough9.Resist10.media

二、完成句子

1.（With）alltheeffortsinvain

2.undertook;for

3.Itishardtoforbid

4.owe;to

5.infavorofgoing

6.areboundtopasstheexam

7.isnotinacondition/isinnocondition

8.thathehasbeenelected

三、单项选择

1-5BDCDA6-10BACCD

精益求精

四、阅读理解

【答案】1-4DBAD

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

科学家从研究大象患癌几率小的原因，发现大象体内含比人类较多的mastertumorsuppressor基因，这种基因可以杀死受损DNA中的细胞，使大象患癌风险降低。

1.推理判断题。

根据第二段“elephantsproduce‘zombiegenes’（僵尸基因）thatcanhelpprotecttheanimalfromcancer.”和第三段“Humansandotheranimalscarryonecopyofa‘mastertumorsuppressor’Gene.Elephantshave20copies.Scientistsfoundthatgenecancausea‘zombiegene’tocomebacktolifewithanewpurpose:

killingcellsindamagedDNA.”可知大象体内含有的mastertumorsuppressor基因比人类多，而这种基因可以杀死受损DNA中的细胞，使大象患癌风险降低。

故选D。

2.细节理解题。

根据第三段“thatgenecancausea‘zombiegene’tocomebacktolifewithanewpurpose:

killingcellsindamagedDNA.”和第五段“Scientistssaythegenealsohelpselephantsenjoylonglives.”可知mastertumorsuppressor基因的作用，只有B项不是。

故选B。

3.猜测词义题。

句意：

如果我们能了解这些基因组变化是怎样帮助抵抗癌症的，我们就可以考虑如何将这些基因组变化用于我们的病人。

划线的“these”指的是“genomicchanges”，故选A。

4.推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段“Researcherswanttoconductmorestudiestofindoutexactlyhowthegenes