国际贸易实务双语教程课后题答案.docx

国际贸易实务双语教程课后题答案.docx

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国际贸易实务双语教程课后题答案

Key

Chapter1

I.Answermyquestions

1.Internationaltradeisbusinesswhoseactivitiesinvolvethecrossingofnationalborders.Itincludesnotonlyinternationaltradeandforeignmanufacturingbutalsoencompassesthegrowingservicesindustryinareassuchastransportation,tourism,banking,advertising,construction,retailing,wholesaling,andmasscommunications.Itincludesallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormorecountries.Suchbusinessrelationshipmaybeprivateorgovernmental.

2.Salesexpansion,resourceacquisitionanddiversificationofsalesandsupplies.

3.Togainprofit.

4.Toseejoutforeignmarketsandprocurement.

5.Therearefourmajorformswhicharethefollowing:

MerchandiseexportsandImports,ServiceExportsandImports,InvestmentandMultinationalEnterprise.

6.Itistheaccountwhichisasummarystatementoftheflowofallinternationaleconomicandfinancialtransactionsbetweenonenation（eg.theUnitedStates）andtherestoftheworldoversomeperiodoftime,usuallyoneyear.

7.MerchandiseExportingandImporting.

8.Yes.Therearegreatdifferencesbetweenthem.

1）directinvestmenttakesplacewhencontrolfollowstheinvestment.Itusuallymeanshighcommitmentofcapital,personnel,andtechnologyabroad.Itaimsatgainingofforeignresourcesandforeignmarkets.Directinvestmentmayoftengethigherforeignsalesthanexporting.Andsometimesitinvolvestwoormoreparties.

2）Whileportfolioinvestmentsarenotundercontrol.Andtheyareusedprimarily

forfinancialpurposes.Treasuresofcompanies,forexample,routinelymorefundsfromonecountrytoanothertogetahigheryieldonshortterminvestments.

9.MNEistheabbreviationofthemultinationalenterprise.ItssynonymsareNNC（themultinationalcorporation）andTNC（transnationalcorporation）.

10.Examplesaretravel,transport,fee,royalties,dividendsandinterest.

11.Thechoiceofformsisinfluencedbytheobjectivebeingpursuedandtheenvironmentsinwhichthecompanymustoperate.

12.Itislimitedbythenumberofpeopleinterestedinafirm‟sproductsandservicesandbycustomers‟capacitytomakepurchase.

13.Thisisbecauseatanearlystageofinternationalinvolvementtheseoperationsusuallytaketheleastcommitmentandleastriskofafirm‟sresources.

14.Royaltiesmeansthepaymentforuseofassetsfromabroad,suchasfortrademarkspatens,copyrights,orotherexpertiseundercontractknownaslicencingagreements.Royaltiesarealsopaidfranchising.

15.Itisawayofdoingbusinessinwhichoneparty（thefranchiser）theuseofatrademarkthatisanessentialassetforthefranchisers‟business.

IIMatcheachoneontheleftwithitscorrectmeaningontheright

1.J

2.A

3.E

4.B

5.C

6.D

7.I

8.G

9.F10.H

IIITranslatethefollowingtermsandphrasesintoChinese

1购买力11经济复苏;恢复

2潜在销售量12经济衰退

3加价,涨价13间接投资

4国内市场14有形货物

5制成品15有形进出口

6边际利润16收入及支出;岁入及岁出

7市场占有率17超额能力

8贸易歧视18贸易中间人（商）;经纪人

9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式

10经销周期20许可证协定

IVTranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

1.Tradeisoftenthe…engine‟ofgrowth.Howeveroversimplifiedthismetaphor

maybe,itdoesservetounderlinetheimportanceofforeigntradeintheprocessofgrowth.Ahealthyexpansionofexportsmaynotalwaysbesufficientconditionforrapidandsustainedgrowth,butastrongpositiveassociationbetweenthetwoisclearlyundeniable.Tradeexpansioncontributestoeconomicgrowthinmanyways.Amongthemarethebenefitsofspecialization;thefavorableeffectsofinternationalcompetitionondomesticeconomicefficiency;theincreasedcapacitytopayfortheimportsrequiredindevelopmentandmoregenerallythestimulustoinvestment.

2.Internationaltradeistheexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountryforgoodsandservicesproducedinanothercountry.Inadditiontovisibletrade,whichinvolvestheimportandexportofgoodsandmerchandise,thereisalsoinvisibletrade,whichinvolvestheexchangeofservicesbetweennations.NationssuchasGreeceandNorwayhavelargemaritimefleetsandprovidetransportationservice.Thisisakindofinvisibletrade.Invisibletradecanbeasimportanttosomenationsastheexportofrawmaterialsorcommoditiesistoothers.Inbothcases,thenationsearnthemoneytobuynecessities.

3.Thereexistdifferentwaysofconductinginternationalbusiness.Exclusivesalemeansthesellergivestheoverseasclienttheexclusiverightofsellingaparticularproductinadesignatedareawithinaspecifiedperiodoftime.Inthiskindofbusinesstransaction,theproductisboughtbytheexclusivesellerandthereforeheshouldselltheproductbyhimself,assumingsoleresponsibilitiesforhisprofitandloss.Exclusivesaleisdifferentfromagencywhereonlycommissionisinvolved.Anddifferenceexistsbetweengeneralcontractandexclusivesalesbecausetheexclusivesellerenjoysexclusiverightinaparticulararea.

4.Thereisnocountryintheworldthatcanproducealltheproductsitneeds.

Thuscountriesjoinininternationaldivisionoflaborforeffectiveproductionandreproduction.Sometimesacountrycanbuygoodsandservicesfromabroadonabarterbasis.Bartermeansdoingbusinessbyexchanginggoodsofonesortforgoodsofanothersortwithoutusingmoney.Bartertradeitselfisnotenoughtomeatacountry‟simportneeds.Butasaformofinternationaltrade,itisstillattractiveindevelopingcountrieswhereforeignexchangeisinshortsupplyandinflowofforeignfundsisfarfromsufficienttomeettheirobligationsinexternaltrade.

I.Answerthefollowingquestions

（Omited）

II.Fillingtheblankswiththesuitablewordsinthetext:

1.meeting/satisfying;

2.agent,foreign/overseas;

mission;

4.own;

5.setting;

6.patent;

7.profits;

8.outlets;

9.joint,venture;10.subsidiary

III.TranslatethefollowingsintoEnglish

1）.Economicactivitybeganwiththecavemen,whowaseconomically

self-sufficient.Hedidhisownhunting,foundhisownshelter,andprovidedforhisownneeds.Asprimitivepopulationsgrewanddeveloped,theprincipleofdivisionoflaborevolved.Onepersonwasmoreabletoperformsomeactivitythananother,andthereforeeachpersonconcentratedonwhathedidbest.Whileonehunted,anotherfished.Thehunterthentradedhissurplustothefisherman,andeachbenefitedfromthevarietyofdiet.

Intoday‟scomplexeconomicworld,neitherindividualsnornationsare

self-sufficientnationsareself-sufficient.Nationshaveutilizeddifferenteconomicresources;peoplehavedevelopeddifferentskills.Thisisthefoundationofinternationaltradeandeconomicactivities.

Foreigntrade,theexchangeofgoodsbetweennations,takesplaceformanyreasons.Thefirst,asmentionedabove,isthatnonationhasallofthecommoditiesthanitneeds.Rawmaterialsarescatteredaroundtheworld.LargedepositsofcopperareminedinPeruandZaire,diamondsareminedinSouthAfrica,andpetroleumisrecoveredinMiddleEast.Countriesthatdonothavetheseresourceswithintheirownboundariesmustbuyfromcountriesthatexportthem.

Foreigntradealsooccursbecauseacountryoftendoesnothaveenoughofaparticularitemtomeetitsneeds.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesisamajorproducerofsugar,itconsumesmorethanitcanproduceinternallyandthusmustimportsugar.Third,onenationcansellsomeitemsatalowercostthanothercountries.Japan

hasbeenabletoexportlargequantitiesofradiosandtelevisionsetsbecauseitcanproducethemmoreefficientlythanothercountries.ItischeaperfortheUnitedStatestobuythesefromJapanthantoproducethemdomestically.

Finally,foreigntradetakesplacebecauseofinnovationorstyle.EventhoughtheUnitedStatesproducesmoreautomobilesthananyothercountry,itstillimportslargequantitiesofautosfromGermany,JapanandSweden,primarilybecausethereisamarketforthemintheUnitedStates.

2）.Thedifferentkindsoftradenationsengagedinarevariedandcomplex,amixtureofvisibleandinvisibletrade.Mostnationsaremoredependentonexportsthanonanyotheractivity.Theearningsfromexportspayfortheimportsthattheyneedandwant.Anation‟sbalanceofpaymentisarecordofthesecomplextransactions.Byreflectingallofthesetransactionsinmonetaryterms,anationisabletocombinetheincomeitreceives,forexample,fromexports,touristsexpenditures,andimmigrantremittances.Thiscombinedincomesisthenspentonsuchitemsasmanufacturedgoodsfromothercountries,travelforitscitizenstoothercountries,andthehiringofconstructionengineers.

I.TranslatethefollowingsfromChineseintoEnglish:

1termsofpayment

2writtenformofcontract

3executionofthecontract

4salescontract

5purchaseconfirmation

6termsoftransaction

7tradingpartners8thesettingupofacontract

9tradeagreement10consignmentcontract

11thecontractproper12extensionofthecontract

13thecontractingparties14specialclause

15generaltermsandconditions

II.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:

1Acontractisanagreementwhichsetsforthbindobligationsoftherelevantparties.Andanypartthatfailstofulfillhiscontractualobligationsmaybesuedandforcedtomakecompensation.

2Therearetwopartiesofbusinesscontractnegotiations:

oralandwritten.Theformerreferstodirectdiscussionsabroad;writtennegotiationsoftenbeginwithenquiriesmadebythebuyers.

3Awrittencontractisgenerallypreparedandsignedastheproofoftheagreementandasthebasisforitsexecution.Asalesorpurchaseconfirmationislessdetailedthanacontract,coveringonlytheessentialtermsofthetransaction.Itisusuallyusedforsmallerdealsorbetweenfa