国际贸易实务英文名词解释英to英文档格式.docx
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FAS
Freealongsideshipmeansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsareplacedalongsidethevesselatnamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallcostsandrisksofthegoodsfromthatmoment.
FOB
FreeonBoardmeansthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallthecostsandrisksfromthatpoint.TheFOBtermsrequirethesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.
CFR
Costandfreightmeansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspassship’srailatthenamedportofshipment
CIF
CIFmeansthatthesellerbearsthesameobligationsasunderCFR.Inadditionalthathehastoprocuremarineinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskoflossordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.Thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaytheinsurancepremium.
FCA,Freecarrier(…Namedplace)
Itmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenhehashandedoverthegoods,clearedforexport,intothecustodyofthecarriernamedbythebuyeratthenamedplaceorpoint.Ifnoprecisepointisindicatedbythebuyer,thesellermaychoosewithintheplaceorrangestipulatedwherethecarriershalltakechargeofthegoods.When,accordingtocommercialpractices,theseller’sassistanceisrequiredinmakingthecontractwiththecarrier,thesellermayactatthebuyer’sriskandexpenses.
CPT,Carriagepaidto(…namedplaceofdestination)运费付至(…指定目的地)
Itmeansthatthesellerpaysthefreightforthecarriageofthegoodstothenameddestination,theriskof,lossof,ordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimethegoodshavebeendeliveredtothecarrier,istransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodshavebeendeliveredintothecustodyofthecarrier.
CIP,Carriageandinsurancepaidto(…namedplaceofdestination)运费保险费付至(…指定目的地)
ItmeansthatthesellerhasthesameobligationsasunderCPTbutwiththeadditionthatthesellerhastoprocurecargoinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskof,lossof,ordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.Thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaystheinsurancepremium.
DES,DeliveredExShip(…namedportofdestination)船上交货(…指定目的港)
Itmeansthatthesellershallmakethegoodsavailabletothebuyeronboardtheshipatthedestinationnamedinthesalescontract.Thesellerhastobearthefullcostandrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodsthere.
DEQ,DeliveredexQuay(…namesportofdestination)码头交货(…指定目的港)
Itmeansthatthesellermakesthegoodsavailabletothebuyeronthequayatthedestinationnamedinthesalescontract.Thesellerhastobearthefullcostandrisksinvolvedonbringingthegoodsthere.
DDU,DeliveredDutyUnpaid(…namedplaceofdestination)未完税交货(…指定目的地)
Itmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenthegoodshavebeenmadeavailableatthenamedplaceinthecountryofimportation.Thesellerhastobearallthecostsandrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodsthere,aswellasthecostandriskofcarryingoutcustomsformalitiesforexport.Thebuyerhastopayanyadditionalcostsandbearanyriskscausedbyhisfailuretoclearthegoodsforimportintime.
DDP,DeliveredDutyPaid(…namedplaceofdestination)完税后交货(…指定目的地)
Itmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenthegoodshavebeenmadeavailableatthenamedplaceinthecountryofimportation.Thesellerhastobearalltherisksandcostsincludingduties,taxesandotherchargesfordeliveringthegoods,clearingforimportation.Itrepresentsthemaximumobligationbornebytheseller.
DAF,DeliveredAtFrontier(…namedplace)边境交货(…指定地点)
Itmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenthegoodshavebeenmadeavailable,clearedforexport,atthenamedpointofplaceatthefrontier,butbeforethecustomsborderofthecountrynamedinthesalescontract.
Qualityofgoods
Thequalityofgoodsreferstotheoutwardappearanceandtheessentialqualityofthegoods,suchasshape,structure,color,flavorswellaschemicalcomposition,physicalandmechanicalproperty,biologicalfeature,etc.Ininternationaltrade,qualityofthegoodsnotonlyconcernsthevalueinuseandthepriceofthegoods,butalsoconcernsthesalesofthegoodsandcreditstandingofthemanufacturer.
Salebysamples.
Thesamplereferstothearticlewhichcanbeusedtorepresentthequalityofthewholelot.Salebysampleincludestreecases,i.e.,salebytheseller’ssampleandsale,salebythebuyer’ssampleandsalebycountersample
Salebyactualquality:
(以实际品质交货)
Inthiscase,thebuyerorhisagentexaminesthegoodsatseller’splaceatfirst.Aftertheyconcludeadeal,thesellershalldeliverthegoodsaccordingtothegoodsexamined.
Salebydescription:
(以说明表示)
Ininternationalbusiness,mostcommoditiesaresuitabletosalebydescriptionwhichcanbesubdividedinto7kinds
Salebyspecification:
(凭规格买卖)
Thespecificationofthegoodsreferstocertainmainindicatorswhichindicatethequalityofthegoods,suchascomposition,content,purity,size,length,etc.
Salebygrade:
(凭等级买卖)
Thegradeofthegoodsreferstotheclassificationsofthecommodityofthegoodswhichisindicatedbywords,numbersorsymbols.Theclassificationsareusuallydecidedbydifferentqualities,weights,compositions,appearances,properties,etc.
Salebystandard:
(凭标准买卖)
Thestandardreferstothespecificationsorgradeswhicharestipulatedandannouncedbythegovernmentorthechambersofcommerce,etc.
F.A.Q.:
(良好平均品质)
Intheinternationalagriculturalandby-productmarket,thereisacommonlyadoptedstandard,i.e.,fairaveragequality.F.A.Q.referstotheaverageleveloftheexportcommoditywithinacertainperiodoftime.
Salebybrandnameortrademark:
凭商标品牌买卖
Astothegoodswhosequalityisstable,reputationissoundandwithwhichthecustomersarequitefamiliar,wemaysellitbybrandnameortrademark.(奔驰汽车)
Salebynameoforigin:
凭产地名称买卖
Therearesomeagriculturalproductsandby-productswhoseoriginsarewell-knownallovertheworld.
凭说明书和图样买卖
Thequalityofsomecommodities,suchastechnologicalinstruments,electricmachines,etc.cannotbesimplyindicatedbyqualityindexes,insteaditisquitenecessarytoexplainindetailthestructure,material,performanceaswellasmethodofoperation.Ifnecessary,pictures,photos,etc.mustalsobeprovided.
QualityTolerance品质公差
Thequalitytoleranceisusedinthetradeofindustrialproducts,whichmeansthatthequalityofthegoodsdeliveredbythesellerisallowedtohavecertaindifferenceswithinacertainrangesincesuchdifferencesareusuallyunavoidableandcommonlyacceptedastheusageofthesamespecialtrade.Qualitytoleranceismainlyusedforindustrialproducts
Qualitylatitude品质机动幅度
Thequalitylatitudemeansthatthequalityindexesofthegoodsdeliveredbythesellermaybecontrolledflexiblywithinacertainlatitude.
Thepackingofgoods
Ininternationaltradepackingisoneoftheessentialcomponentpartsofcommodityproduction.Generallyspeaking,onlypackedcommoditiescanenterintothecirculationfield,andattainthecommercialvalueandusevalueofthegoods.Packingcanprotectcommodityandkeepitgoodinqualityandintactinquantityinthecirculationprocess.
Neutralpackingandbranddesignatedbythebuyer
中性包装和定牌
Itmeansthatthereisneitheranameoftheorigin,noranameofthefactory,noratrade
mark,abrand,orevenanywordsonthepackingofthecommodityandthecommodityitself.Itincludestwokinds:
packingwithtrademarkdesignatedbythebuyerbutwithoutthemarkofthemanufacturersandoriginspackingandwithouttrademarkandoriginsaswellasthemarkofthemanufacturers
Branddesignatedbythebuyer:
Itmeansthattheselleraddressesthetrademarkorbrandonthepackageofthecommodityorthecommodityitselfasbuyer’srequest.
定牌是指卖方按买方要求在其出售的商品或包装上标明买方指定的商标或品牌,这种做法叫定牌生产。
Shippingmark:
运输标志
这种标志又称唛头,通常是由一个简单的几何图形和一些字母、数字及简单的丈字组成。
Itisusuallymadeupofgeometricaldiagrams,letters,figuresandsimplewords.Thecontentsofshippingmarkareasfollows:
1.Consignee’scodeorConsignor’scode
2.ReferenceNumber
3.Destination
4.Packagenumber
Theshippingmarkalsoincludethecontractnumber,grossandnetweight,origin,etc..
Indicativemark:
(指示性标志)
Thiskindofmarkisusedtoremindertherelativeworkersoftheitemsforattentionwhentheyload,unload,carryandstorethegoods,suchas‘handlewithcare’,‘keepdry’etc.
Warningmark:
(警告性标志)
Itisalsocalleddangerouscargomark,whichisbrushedclearlyanddefinitelyontheshippingpackingoftheinflammable,explosive,poisonous,corrosivegoods,soastogivewarningstotheworkers.
CommodityInspection
Theinspectionofcommoditiesreferstothatinspectioninstitutionsshouldexaminethequality,quantity,packing,etc.ofcommoditiesdeliveredbythesellerinordertomakesurethatthegoodsareexactlyinco