第二届卓越杯英语大赛初赛试题new文档格式.docx

第二届卓越杯英语大赛初赛试题new文档格式.docx

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6__________

books7__________

Totalestimatedvalue:

8_________

Questions9-10

ChoosethecorrectletterfromA-C.

9WhatisScottnotworriedabout?

Anotclearingcustoms

Bhavinghisbicyclesstolen

Ctheamountofclothing

10Whowillpickuptheshipment?

Aashippingcompany

BScott

Cacompanyemployee

SECTION2Questions11-20

Questions11-20

Answerthequestionsbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.

HowdomoststudentsfeelaboutbeingatAshesiUniversity?

11_________________________

12_________________________

Whatbenefitsdostudentsenjoy?

FinancialAid

13job_________________________

14accessto_________________________

NameTWOcharacteristicsthatAshesiequipseachstudentwith.

15_________________________

16_________________________

Inwhattypeofeventdoprofessionalsinteractwithstudents?

17_________________________

WhatmightsomepeopleintheaudiencethinkaboutthetuitionatAshesi?

18_________________________

WhatTWOqualitiesdistinguishtheattitudesofthefacultyatAshesi?

19_________________________

20_________________________

PARTTWOREADING（40%）

READINGPASSAGE1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-11,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.

ScientistsPostulateMultipleUniverses

Newtheorieshaveuniversessproutingfrom

oneanotherinendlessprogression

AAstronomershavegazedoutattheuniverseforcenturies,askingwhyitis

thewayitis.Butlatelyagrowingnumberofthemaredreamingofuniverses

thatneverwereandaskingwhynot.Why,theyask,doweliveinthree

dimensionsofspaceandnottwo,10or25?

Whyisalightraysofastanda

whispersoslow?

Whyareatomssotinyandstarssobig?

Whyisthe

universesooldandsovast?

BOnceuponatime（onlyacenturyago）,afewbillionstarsandgasclouds

smearedalongtheMilkyWaywerethoughttoencompassallofexistence,

andthenotionofunderstandingitwasdauntingenough.Nowastronomers

knowgalaxiesarescatteredlikedustacrossthecosmos.And

understandingthemmightrequirerecoursetoanevenbroadercanvas,

whattheysometimescalla"

multiverse."

CForsomecosmologists,thatmeansuniversessproutingformoneanotherin

anendlessgeometricprogression,likemushroomsuponmushroomsupon

mushrooms,orbabyuniverseshatchedinsideblackholes.Othersimagine

islanduniversesfloatingandevencollidinginafifthdimension.Max

Tegmark,forexample,aUniversityofPennsylvaniacosmologist,has

positedatleastfourdifferentlevelsofuniverses,rangingfromthe

familiar（impossiblydistantzonesofourownuniverse）tothe

strange（space-timesinwhichthefundamentallawsofphysicsaredifferent

fromourown）.

DMartinRees,aUniversityofCambridgecosmologistandtheastronomer

royal,saidcontemplatingthesealternativeuniversescouldhelpscientists

distinguishwhichfeaturesofourownuniversearefundamentaland

necessaryandwhichareaccidentsofcosmichistory."

It'

sallscience,but

scienceforthe21stcentury,toseektheanswerstothesequestions,"

Rees

said,addingheisoftenaccusedofbelievinginotheruniverses."

Idon'

t

believeinit,"

hesaid,"

butIthinkit'

spartofsciencetofindout."

ESomecosmologistsnowsaytherealmwecalltheobservable

universe--roughly14billionlight-yearsdeepofgalaxiesandstars--couldbe

onlyasmallparchofavastbubble--or"

pocket"

--inamuchvasterensemble

bredendlesslyinachainofbigbangs.Theidea,theysay,isanatural

extensionofthetheoryofinflation,introducedbyAlanGuth,nowatthe

MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,in1980.

FThetheoryofinflationassertsthatwhentheuniversewaslessthana

trillionthofatrillionthofasecondold,itunderwentabriefhyperexplosive

growthspurtfueledbyananti-gravitationalforceembeddedinspaceitself,a

possiblysuggestedbytheoriesofmodernparticlephysics.

GBecauseinflationcangrowawholeuniversefromaboutanounceof

primordialstuff,Guthlikestorefertotheuniverseas"

theultimatefree

lunch."

ButGuthandvariousothertheories--includingAndreiLindeof

Stanford,AlexanderVilenkinofTuftsandPaulSteinhardtofPrinceton--have

suggestedthatitmightbeanendlessoneaswell.Onceinflationstarts

anywhere,itwillkeephappeningoverandoveragain,theysay,spawninga

chainofuniverses,bubbleswithinbubbles,inaschemethatLindecalled

"

eternalinflation."

H"

Onceyou'

vediscoveredit'

seasytomakeauniverseoutofanounceof

vacuum,whynotmakeabunchofthem?

"

askedCraigHogan,a

cosmologistattheUniversityofWashington.

Questions1-5

ThepassagehaseightparagraphsA-H.Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?

WritethecorrectletterA-Hinboxes1-5onyouranswersheet.

1adescriptionofotheruniverselevels

2acomparisonofhowtheuniversewasviewedintheolddaystonow

3thetimeframefortheprocessofinflation

4theideathatnaturallyflowsfrominflationtheory

5aseriesofquestionsaskedinmoderntimes

Questions6-11

Completetheflowchartbelow:

ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.

Writeyouanswersinboxes6-11onyouranswersheet.

Oneideabasedonthetheoryof6__________

aboutour7__________

isthatitcouldbeasmall8__________or9__________

bredfromaseriesof10__________

usinganounceof11__________

READINGPASSAGE2

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions12-20,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2below.

HowtoBea...FilmResearcher?

Ifyoulikeexploringnewterritory,researchmaybejustthejobforyou.Agoodresearcherisanintegralpartofanyproductionteam.Yet,whenwasthelasttimeyouwatchedanoutstandingfilmandsaidtoyourselfafterwards,"

Thatwasanincrediblepieceofwork--Iwonderwhoresearchedit"

?

Iwouldventuretoguessthatformostpeoplethisisnotthefirstquestionthatcomestomindafteryouwatchafilm.Itisobviousthataproducer,director,andeditorplaysignificantrolesinshapingafilm,whichiswhytheytendtoreceivethemostprolificaccolades.Ontheotherhand,agoodresearchermayjustbetheunsungheroofawell-craftedandthought-provokingnon-fictionfilm.

Tofindoutmoreaboutaresearcher'

sroleintheproductionprocess,NewEnglandFspokewithsomeonewhoknowsquiteabitaboutqualityprogramming--NOVA'

sSeniorScienceEditor,EvanHadingham.Unlikemanypeopleinthisbusinesswhohavealwayswantedtomakefilms,Evenstartedoutwritingbooksonarcheologyandpre-history.In1986,heappliedtoafellowshipprogramthatsoughttotakeprintsciencewritersandgivethem11monthsoftraininginfilmandtelevision.Apparently,theprogramstruckachordwithEvanbecause15yearslaterheisusinghistalentsononeofthemostrespectedscienceprogramsontelevision.Researchingisoneoftheforemostaspectsofhisjob,andhereareafewinsidertipsheoffersonhowtobearesearcher.

ATip#1:

Havewideinterests.

Becurious.Subjectmattercanvarywidelywhenyouworkasa

researcher.Quitesimple,thebroaderyourinterestsarethemoreskills

youwillbebringingtoyourworkandthemorelikelyyouwillenjoyyour

research.InEvan'

scase,histrainingasawriterendowedhimwith

journalisticskillsthatareessentialtohisjobascontenteditor.Justas

research,story-telling,andcriticalthinkingwereessentialasawriter,

theyarealsoessentialforafilmresearcher.

BTip#2:

Becritical.

Oftenaresearcherisgiventhetaskoffindingouteverythingthereisto

Knowaboutacertainsubject.Agoodresearchermustbeabletosort

throughinformationanddeterminewhichdetailsarerelevantandwhich

arenot.Thisisaloftytask.Beingcriticalalsorequiresanabilitytowade

throughvaryinginterpretationsofmaterialinsearchofthoseresources

thataretheleastbiased.Theresearcherthenmustparlaythis

informationtotherestoftheproductionteam,insomewaysdetermining

whattheproducer,writer,anddirectorknowaboutasubject.Processing

somuchinformationandpresentingitunerringlyrequiresexcellent

criticalthinkingskills.

CTip#3:

Beself-critical.

AsEvanputit,partofbeingcriticalisbeingself-critical.Recognizing

biasesinotherpeople'

swritingsandopinionsisimportant,but

recognizingone'

sownbiasesisjustasimportant.Agoodresearcher

needstoreflectuponhis/herownbiases,andtobeopen-mindedenough

tochangehis/herpointofviewiftheevidencewarrantsit.

DTip#4:

Striveforcompletejournalisticaccuracyandbalance.

WhileNOVAbelievesinputtingsignificantemphasisontheeditorialend

ofproduction,noteveryproductioncompanydevotesenoughtimeto

theresearchphaseofaproject.Unfortunately,thisoftenresultsin

factualinaccuracies.Topreventinaccuraciesandmaintainthehighest

standardofjournalisticintegrity,itisimperativethatfactsarechecked

andre-checked.Evanreferstothisaspectofhispositionas"

goodcop,

badcoponcontent."

Acapableresearcher/contenteditoraskstough

questionsabouthowandwherefactswereo