撰写学术论文的要件及注意事项Word下载.docx
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在国际会议上发表的论文，作者的单位应该注明国籍和邮政编码。
3.论文摘要和关键词
关键词写在摘要的下面，一般在4-6个词之间，最少2个，最多不能超过10个。
多用名词形式而不使用动词。
keyword:
observation,incubation,examination-orientededucation.
4．引言（Introduction）
引言一般应该包括：
介绍主题内容，即：
论文作了何种研究，主题是什么。
限定研讨范围，指出论文主题的界限，参数范围，研究工作侧重点等。
点明论文的宗旨及研究成果，以及开展该项研究的意义和必要性。
列出论文的主要框架，概述个部分的主要内容。
5．正文（Body）
正文一般分为：
开头部分（介绍论文的宗旨以及所要探讨的核心问题）；
叙述部分（通过观察、实验或调查、比较、分析、综合、推论、论证和科学的假设等方法，对所研究的问题进行层次清晰、准确鲜明的叙述）；
结论和讨论部分（浓缩观察的事实，归纳实验或调研的发现，分析研究的结果，指出尚有争议的问题，阐明自己的观点，得出最后的结论）。
写正文时常用的一些句型：
阐明论文目的（宗旨）时常用的句型：
1．本文的主要目的是……
1）Thepurposeofthispaperis…
2）Theprimarygoalofthisresearchis…
3）Theintentionofthispaperistosurvey…
4）Theoverallobjectiveofthisstudyis…
5）Inthispaper,…wasprovided（given,illustrated）…
6）Ourgoalhasbeentoprovide…
7）Inthispaper,weaimat…
8）Theemphasisofthisstudyliesin…
2．该项工作是关于……
1）Thepresentworkisconcernedwiththeprocessesunderlying…
2）Theaboveworkdealswiththemechanisminvolvedin…
3）Ourworkatpresentisdevotedtothechangesoccurringin…
4）theworkwehavedonebearsontheeffectsproducedby…
5）Theworkwearedongiscloselyrelatedtothedeliberationsdescribedin…
6）Comparedwiththecurrentresearch,thepreviousworkwasinconnectionwiththeinvestigationmadeby…
7）Theworkpresentedinthispaperfocusesonseveralaspectsofthefollowing…
8）Theauthorsarenowinitiatingsomeexperimentalinvestigationtoestablish…
9）Ourstudieswereperformedtodeterminetheamountof…
10）Theproblemwehaveoutlineddealslargelywiththestudyof…
3．该项工作的主要目的是……
1）Thechiefaimofthepresentworkistoinvestigatethefeaturesof…
2）Themainpurposeofourrecentworkwastoexaminethepropertiesof…
3）Themajorobjectoftheirfurtherworkwillberesearchintothenatureof…
4）Ourworkinthisdirectionhasbeenintendedtoprovidesomeinformationabout…
5）Theworkwhichisbeingdonenowisdesignedtofindsomesolutiontotheproblemof…
6）Workofthiskindhasbeenstartedinordertoassesstheroleof…
7）Previousworkinthisareawasinitiatedinthehopeofobtainingdatain…
8）Wedidthisworkhopingtoestablish…
9）Theauthorsundertooktheworkwithaviewtoshow…
10）Bydoingthisworkweexpect（ed）todemonstrate…
）Doingthisjointwork,weintend（ed）toshow…
12）Theprimaryobjectiveofourworkwastodefinethereasonsforredundantprotectionsystemsandgiveexamplesofsystemsusedin…
13）Withresearchofmanyyears,theauthor’sendeavouristoexplainwhyin…
14）Theabove-mentionedworkhasbeenperformedwithaviewof…
4．该项研究的主要目的是……
1）Thechiefaimofthepresentstudyistofindout…
2）Theprimaryobjectofthisfundamentalresearchwillbetorevealthecauseof…
3）Themainobjectiveofourinvestigationhasbeentoobtainsomeknowledgeof…
4）Thestudyof…wasmadeinordertoclarify…
5）Theabovestudyhasbeencarriedouttodetermine…
6）Their（pioneer）studieswereintendedtoelucidate…
7）Thoseearlierinvestigationsareinhopesofprovidingevidencefor…
8）Weperformedthispresentstudyinthehopethatwemightbringtolightsomefactsabout…
9）Theauthorsattemptedtheirstudiesinorderthattheymight…
10）Weundertooktheabovestudytotheendthatwemight…
11）Theyinitiatedthepresentstudysothattheymight…
12）Carryingoutthisstudywehopetofindout…
13）Performingthesestudiestheauthorintendedtoreveal…
14）Withrecentresearch,theauthorintendstooutlinetheframeworkof…
5．该项实验主要是为了……
1）Wemadetheseexperimentsinordertoshowacorrelation…
2）Theauthorattemptedthesetexperimentwithaviewtodemonstratecertainphenomena…
3）Experimentson…weremadeinordertomeasuretheamountof…
4）Experimentsinvolving…havebeencarriedouttodetermine…
5）Experimentsusingthistechniqueare（not）underwaytotest（check）…
6）Experimentson…aremadetoanswerthequestionwhether…
7）Theexperimentbeingmadebyourresearchgroupisaimedatobtainingtheresultof…
8）Wehavedesignedsuchanexperimentforthepurpose…
指明研究范围时常用的句型
1．该问题是关于……的研究
1）Thisproblemisconcerned（chiefly）withthestudyof…
2）Theproblemof…deals（largely）withthedeterminationof…
3）Theproblemtheyhaveadvancedbearsontheelucidationof…
4）Theproblemtobediscussedinthispaperisrelatedcloselywith…
5）Theproblemdescribedpreviouslywasdirectedtotheexampleof…,whichdiffersfrom…
6）Theproblemunderinvestigationinvolvessomesignificantagreementsanddisagreementsin…
2．这是研究……的问题
1）Thisisaproblemconcernedwiththenatureof…
2）Thisisaproblemrelatingtotheinfluenceof…
3）Thisisaproblemwhichdealswiththeroleof…
4）Thisisaproblemwhichbearsontheeffectof…
5）Thisisaprobleminconnectionwith…
6）Thisisaproblemasmentionedpreviouslyin…
3．该问题在……范围之内（外）
1）Theproblemiswithinthescopeof…
2）Ourproblemliesbeyondtherangeof…
3）Theproblemyouhavejustoutlinedseemstobeoutsideoftheprovinceof…
4）Theproblemtheauthorshaveraisedgoesoffthelimitsof…
5）TheproblemIhavereferredtofallswithinthefieldof…
6）Theproblemunderdiscussionisnotwithinthescopeof…
4．该项研究涉及到……的范围
1）Studiesoftheseeffectscover（ed）variousaspectsof…
2）Investigationson…involve（d）alsospecificsituations.
3）Ourstudieswiththistechniqueareconfinedtooneparticularaspect.
4）Morerecentstudiesbythisworkerwerechieflyconcernedwiththeinfluenceof…
5）Theresearchontheconventionaltechniquesexplainswellthephenomenonof…
6）Thenewfindingsfromtheexperimentagreetotheresultobtainedin…
5．该研究进一步推广到……的范围
1）Theauthorshaveextendedtheirstudiestosomeotherrelatedspecies.
2）Wehopetoexpandourinvestigationstoincludeothermaterial.
3）Theresearchwehavedonedeservesfurtherstudies.
4）Theinvestigationcarriedoutbytheexpertssuggestsanincreaseoftheapplicationin…
5）Theapproachunderstudypredicatesawiderrangeofapplication.
阐述理论时常用的句型
1．该理论是……提出来的
1）Thetheoryof…wascreated50yearsago.
2）Thealternativetheorywasconstructedin80’s.
3）Thetheoryof…wasdevelopedinthe1999’s.
4）Thetheoryof…waselaboratedintheearly70’s.
5）Thetheoryof…wasformulatedasearlyas1999.
6）Thetheoryof…wasadvancedaslongagoasthe1993’s.
7）Thetheoryof…wasputforwardasfarbackas1995.
8）Thetheoryof…wasproposedlastyear.
9）Thetheoryof…wassuggestedtheyearbeforelastyear
2．该理论的内容（特点）是……
1）Underlyingthistheoryistheideathat…
2）Theunderlyingconceptofthistheoryis…
3）Theunderlyingprincipleofthetheoryisasfollows…
4）Thisisanalternativetheorythat…
5）Thisisasimilartheorytotheeffectthat…
6）Thisisaworkingtheorywhichisbasedontheideathat…
7）Abasicfeatureofthistheoryis…
8）Thefundamentalfeatureofthistheoryisasfollows…
9）Thetheoryischaracterizedby…
10）…provetobetheoutstandingfeaturesofthetheory.
3．根据该理论，可得出……
1）AccordingtoB’stheorybothprocessesoccursimultaneously.
2）AsfollowsfromthetheorybyN,suchsituationsleadto…
3）Ascanbeseenfromthetheoryadvancedby…suchinteractionsarethebasisof…
4）Inthelightofthetheory,wehavedevelopedavariationmethodtohandlesuchproblems.
5）Basedonthetheory,theauthorhasobtainedsufficientinformationfromrecentexperimentswith…
4．该理论认为……
1）Thekinetictheoryholdsthat…
2）Thisnewly-developedtheorymaintainsthat…
3）Thetheoryadvancedby…claimsthat…
4）Thetheoryof…predictsthat…
5）Theprincipalconceptofthetheoryliesin…
6）Theinvestigatingtheory…
5．应用该理论（不）能说明……
1）Wecaninterpretthesefindingsintermsoftheabovetheory.
2）Wecannotexplainthesephenomenausingtheabovetheory.
3）Wecanhardlyexplainthesefindingsapplyingthistheory.
4）Thesefindingscanbeinterpretedintermsoftheabovetheory.
5）Suchphenomenacannotbeexplainedonthebasisofthistheory.
6）Thetheorycan（not）applytoothercasesof…
7）Thetheorydevelopedby…isvalid（invalid）forotherspecies.
8）X'
stheoryprovedtobetrueforallstepsof…
9）Theabovetheoryhasbeenverifiedbymanyotherauthors.
10）Theverypeculiartheorycanbeappliedtoawiderrangeofexperimentsin…
描述实验时常用的句型：
1．某项实验（所用设备）包括……
1）Theexperimentconsistedofthreesteps,whicharedescribedinTable3.
2）Thetestequipmentwhichwasusedconsistedof5force-measuringtransducersand2recordinginstrumentsfurnishedby…
3）Includedintheexperimentwereahigh-pressurevesslassembly,2UA~3uraniumanalysers,andacomplete100x50x50cmsoilbin.
4）Allhigh-pressurehydrogencreep-rupturetestswerecarriedoutinspeciallydesignedhigh-pressureequipmentratedat…
5）Thewinchiscomposedofthefollowingmainparts:
aweldedframe,asafety-brakeclutch,achaindrumandawornreducinggear.
2．到……，从未有过某方面的实验
1）Anexperimentofthekindhasnotbeenmade…
2）Thekindofexperimentyouhaveinmindhasneverbeencarriedoutuntilnow.
3）Thekindofexperimentyoumentionedwouldnotbeundertakeninthenearfuture.
4）Sofarwehavenotperformedanyexperimentofthiskind.
5）Untilnowtheauthorshavenot
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