语言学导论术语汉译Word文件下载.docx
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affix(词缀)140
AffixAttachment(词缀附接)273,319
affricates(塞擦音)29
AfricanAmericanVernacularEnglish(AAVE)(非裔美国人英语方言土语)
agreementin(AAVE的一致关系)233,237
doublenegationin(AAVE的双重否定)297
emptyTin(AAVE中的空语类T)271–2
inversionin(AAVE中的倒装)311–13
possessivesin(AAVE中的所有格或属格)237
ageandvariationinlanguageuse(年龄与语言运用中的变异)235–6
age-gradedsociolinguisticvariables(与年龄段相关的社会语言学变量)16
Agent(施事)305,333,334–5
agglutinatinglanguages(黏着语)156–7
agrammatism(语法缺失)(seealsoBroca’saphasia(布洛卡失语症))214–17,377–82,385,408
comprehensionerrorsin(语法缺失中的理解错误)215,216–17,378–80
productionerrorsin(语法缺失中的发音错误)215–16,378
agreement(一致关系)135,137,144–5,233,248
inAAVE(AAVE中的一致关系)233,237
incomplementclauses(补语小句中的一致关系)251
inEastAnglianEnglish(东央格鲁英语中的一致关系)233
inEME(EME中的一致关系)320
operationsinsyntax(句法中一致关系演算或操作)264–5,267–8,306,345,407
inSLI(SLI中的一致关系)219,385
insouthwesternEnglish(东南部英语中的一致关系)233
allomorphs(语素变体)152
allomorphy(语素音位变化)151–2
lexicallyconditioned(词汇制约的语素音位变化)152
phonologicallyconditioned(音系制约的语素音位变化)152,220
plural(复数的语素音位变化)188–9
thirdpersonsingularpresent(第三人称单数现在时的语素音位变化)220
allophones(音位变体)77
allophonicvariation(音位的变化)77
allophony(音位变化)77
alternationinphonology(音系(学)中的交替)26,83–5,90,152
alveolars(齿龈音)30,109
alveopalatals(齿龈硬腭音)(seepalato-alveolars)
ambiguity(歧义)(seealsostructuralambiguity(结构歧义))5,232
ameliorationinsemanticchange(语义变化中的改进现象)231
AmericanEnglish(美国英语)55,63,71,227
A-movement(论元移位)306
AncientEgyptian(古埃及人)119
Antecedent(先行语)277
localforreflexives(约束反身代词的局部先行语)277–8
anteriorasphonologicalfeature(作为音系特征的前部性)86,413
anticipationsinspeecherrors(言语错失中的先兆)115,117
antonyms(反义词)176,208,209
antonymy(反义关系,反义现象)176,177–8
aphasia(失语症)11–13,213–19
selectiveimpairmentin(失语症中的缺陷或障碍选择性)213
apophony(元音交替,元音弱化)(seeablaut)
apparent-timemethod(视时方法后手段)16,66
approximantasphonologicalfeature(无擦通音作为音系特征)412
approximants(无擦通音)33
inchildphonology(儿童音系中的无擦通音)100–4
Arabic(阿拉伯语)81,224
arbitrarinessofthelinguisticsign(语言符号的任意性)205
argumentmovement(论元移位)(seeA-movement)
arguments(论元)130,247
Armenianalphabet(亚美尼亚字母或文字)119
Articles(冠词)(seealsodeterminers(限定语))130,133
Ash,S.(人名,阿施)237
aspect(体)252
perfect(完成(体))252,261
progressive(进行(体))252
aspiratedasphonologicalfeature(送气作为音系特征)87,413
aspiration(送气音)35,75–7,87–90,90–1
assimilation(同化现象)(seealsoharmony(和谐发音))5
inFarsi(Farsi中的同化现象)49
partial(部分同化)100
targetof(同化对象)100
total(整体同化)100
triggerfor(同化的触发者)100
audiencedesign((面向受众的设计))53–4,409
Austin,J.L.(人名,奥斯汀)394
AustralianEnglish(澳大利亚英语)62,64,
71,227
auxiliarycopyinginchildren(儿童语言中的助动词拷贝)295
auxiliaryinversion(助动词倒装)294–6
auxiliaryverbs(助动词)133
difficultieswithinSLI(特定语言障碍中助动词使用上的困难)219,385
dummy(假性助动词)319
errorsinSLI(SLI中助动词的错失)385
asfiniteT(助动词作为定式的T)259,261
andgapping(助动词和空位)272
perfect(完成体)136
progressive(进行体)136
babbling(婴儿发出的咿哑声)96
backasphonologicalfeature(后部(音)作为音系特征)413
backtrackinginparsing(切分中的回溯法)373
backvowels(后元音)36,109–10
Bailey(贝利),B.313
Bantu(班图语)156
barenominals(光杆名词性成分)284–5
inChildEnglish(儿童英语中的光杆名词型成分)358–9
baseformofverbs(动词的基础形式/基式)147
basiclevelofcategorisation((范畴化的基本层级)194–6,226,232
inWernicke’saphasia(维尼克失语症中范畴化的基本层级)217–18
basilect(下层方言)235
behaviourism(行为主义)115
Belfast(贝尔法斯特)51
BelfastEnglish(贝尔法斯特英语)300
Bell(贝尔),A.53
Bengali(孟加拉人(的),孟加拉语(的))71–2,87
Berko(拨库),J.189
Bidialectalism(双方言现象)409
Bilabials(双唇音)30
Bilingualism(双语现象)409
Binarity(二分性)
ofparametricvalues(参数值的二分性)314,317,320,321,325,349,351
ofphonologicalfeatures(音系特征的二分性)85
blends(融合)207–8,209
inparagrammatism(语法倒错性言语障碍中融合现象)382
Bloom(布龙姆),L.355
bodyoftongue(舌面)(seedorsum)
borrowing(借用)224–5
boundmorphemes(粘着语素)140
inaphasia(失语症者话语中的)216
inSLI(特定语言损伤中的)219–21
boundvariableinterpretationofpronouns(约束代词阐释的变量)342–4
boundword(粘着词)150
Bradford(布莱德福德)47–8
Braine,M.(人名)351
Bresnan,J.(人名)246
BritishEnglish(英国英语seealsoContemporaryStandardEnglish)62,69–70,71,227–8,230
broadtranscription(宽式标音)76
Broca,P.(人名)12
Broca’saphasia(布洛卡失语症seealsoagrammatism)214–17,377–82
Broca’sarea(布洛卡区)12
Brown,R.(人名)189
Bucholtz,M.(人名)51
Bulgarian(保加利亚语)85
calque(仿造,语义转借)225
Cambodian(柬埔寨语)38
CanadianEnglish(加拿大英语)227–8
Cantonese(广东话,粤语)79,81
Cardiff(加迪夫,地名)53
CaribbeanEnglish(加勒比式英语)66
case(格seealsogenitivecase(属格),nominativecase(主格),objectivecase(宾格))248
assignmentof(格指派)264,265–6,267–8,345,356–8,360–1
errorsinagrammatism(语法缺失中的格错误)216
errorsinSLI(特定语言损伤中的格错误)385
(拉丁语中的格)inLatin158
markinginChildEnglish(儿童英语中的格标记)355–8
structural(结构格)356
inTurkish(土耳其语中格)158
categoricalperception(范畴感知)113
causativeverb(致使动词)274–5
Celticlanguages(凯饵特语族语言)164
centralvowels(央元音)36
centre-embedding(中心内嵌现象)370,373–4
cerebralcortex(大脑皮层)11
cerebralhemispheres(大脑半球)11,214
chainshift(链移)66–7
Chambers,J.(人名)227
childgrammar(儿童语法)349–61
childphonology(儿童音系)96–106
Cherokee(切罗基语)119
Chicago(芝加哥)66
Chinese(汉语)43,119,156,224
Chomsky,N.(人名,乔姆斯基)1,2,7,11,213,245–6,314,325,377,407
Chukchee(楚克其人[语])160–1
circumfix(框架式词缀seeconfix)
citationform(引用形式,基础形式,原形)134
clauses(小句)247
bareinfinitive(光杆不定试小句)275–6
complement(小句补语)250–2,275,276
asCPs(充任CPs的小句)279,280,282,283,293,304,349,356,361
declarative(陈述小句)279,280
finiteinGermanSLI(德语SLI小句中的限定性)385
finiteverbin(小句中的限定动词)251,265–6
forceof(小句的语力)279
functionof(小句的功能)253
inGerman(德语中的小句)321–4
infinitive(不定式小句)275,276–8
interrogative(疑问小句)279
main(主要小句,主句)250,280–1
non-finiteverbin(小句中的非定式动词)251,281–2
v.phrases(小句和短语)261–2
relative(关系小句)253,367
insentenceperception(句子感知过程中的小句)367,368
tensed(v.untensed)(时态小句和非时态小句)251
asTPs(小句作为TPs)273,274,275–6,278
clickstudies(点击调查)367–8
cliticisation(附着化)274–6
andcopies(附着化和拷贝)296,298–9
clitics(附着成分)150–1
inSpanish(西班牙语中的附着成分)151
cluster(seeconsonantcluster)音丛(参见辅音丛)
codasofsyllables(音节的节尾(音))79–82
inchildlanguage(儿童语言中的节尾音)104–5
cognitiveeffectsofutterances(话语的认知效应)399
cognitivesynonymy(认知同义关系或现象)174–5
cognitivesystem(认知系统)
languageas(语言作为认知系统)1–14,409
coherenceindiscourse(语篇中的连贯)397
co-hyponyms(共存性下义词/下位词)172,209
inWernicke’saphasia(维尼克失语症中的共存性下义词)218
co-indexing(同指标/同标引)341
Comanche(科曼奇族/语)225
co-meronyms(共存性局部关系词)174,208
comment(v.topic)(话题和评述/述题)249,281
CommunicativePrincipleofRelevance(交际的关联原则)399–400
communitiesofpractice(实践社群)52
commutationtest(接换测试)390
competence(v.performance)((语言能力)和语言行为/运用)2–3,9,264,339,367,
370,375,388,408,409
complement(补语)130,247–9,262
covert(隐性补语)278
interrogativeexpressionsas(疑问表达式充任补语)297
complementaries(互补性反义词)176
complementarity(互补性/关系)176,177–8
complementarydistribution(互补分布)76
complementclause(补语小句)250–2
inGerman(德语中的补语小句)322
complementclausequestion(疑问型补语小句)299–300
complementclauseyes-noquestion(是非型疑问补语小句)303
complementiser(标句词)135
declarative(陈述句的标句词)279
empty(空标句词)278–83,284,299
interrogative(疑问型标句词)279
complexsentence(复合句)250–3
compounds(复合词)148–50,379,408
inlanguageacquisition(语言习得中的复合词)191–2
structuralambiguityin(复合词中的结构歧义)149
synthetic(合成性复合词)162
comprehensionoflanguage(seesentence
comprehension,speechperception)(语言理解(参见句子理解、言语感知))
concatenativemorphology(并置形态学)163
concept(v.lexicalentry)(概念(和词条))205–6,209,225,233
confix(框架词缀/环缀)162
conjugation(接合)159
consonants(辅音)28–35
categoricalperceptionof(辅音的类别感知)113
syllabic(成音节性辅音)41
three-termdescriptionof(辅音的三个方面的描写)34,61
inwritingsystems(书写系统中的辅音)119
consonantchange(辅音变化)61–4
consonantcluster(辅音丛)41
deletionin(辅音丛中的删除现象)54–6
simplificationinchildlanguage(儿童语言中的辅音丛简化现象)98
consonantharmony(辅音和谐/辅音的协同发音)99
consonantinsertion(辅音插入)64
consonantloss(辅音丢失)63
consonantmutation(辅音变换)164–5
consonantalasphonologicalfeature(作为音系特征的辅音性)412
constituencytests(成分性测试)263–4
constituents(结构成分)249,263–4
covert(seeemptyconstituents)(隐性成分(参见空成分))
insentencecomprehension(句子了解中的隐性成分)366
constraints(限制(条件))
inphonology(音系中的限制条件)90–1
insyntax(句法中的限制条件)263,312–13,318
ContemporaryStandardEnglish(CSE)(当代标准英语)311
questionsin(CSE中的疑问句)311,313,316
strongCin(CSE中的强C)314
weakTin(CSE中的弱T)317,319
contentwords(内容词、实词)132
inaphasias(失语症中的内容词或实词)214–15
continuousperceptionofvowels(元音的连续性感知)110–11
contourtone(轮廓调或曲折型声调)43
contrastivesounds(对立音)77
control(控制)276
clause(控制小句)277,282–3
verbs(控制动词)277
conversation(会话)245,388
logicof(会话的逻辑)395–7
ConversationalAnalysis(CA)(会话分析)246,401–2
conversationalimplicature(会话涵义)3