离合器外文翻译Word格式.docx

离合器外文翻译Word格式.docx

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---toprovideasmoothtake-upofthedrive

（2）Gearbox---toincreasethetorqueappliedtothedrivingroadwheels

---toenabletheenginetooperatewithinagivenrangeofspeedirrespectiveofthevehiclespeed

---togivereversemotionofthevehicle

---toprovideaneutralpositionsothattheenginecanrunwithoutmovingthevehicle

（3）Finaldrive---toturnthedrivethrough90°

---toreducethespeedofthedrivebyasetamounttomatchtheenginetothevehicle

（4）Differential---toallowtheinnerdrivingroadwheeltorotateslowerthantheouterwheelwhenthevehicleiscornering,whilstitensuresthatadriveisappliedequallytobothwheels.

BClutchandClutchService

Inordertotransmitthepoweroftheenginetotheroadwheelsofacar,africtionclutchandachange-speedgearboxarenormallyemployed.Theformerisnecessaryinordertoenablethedrivetobetakenupgraduallyandsmoothly,whilethelatterprovidesdifferentratiosofspeedreductionfromtheenginetothewheels,tosuittheparticularconditionsofrunning,

Aclutchperformstwotasks:

（1）itdisengagestheenginefromthegearboxtoallowforgearchanging.

（2）itisameansforgraduallyengagingtheenginetothedrivingwheels,whenavehicleistobemovedfromresttheclutchmustengageastationarygearboxshaftwiththeengine;

thismustberotatingatahighspeedtoprovidesufficientpowerorelsetheloadwillbetoogreatandtheenginewillstart（cometotest）.

CClutchAction

Tostarttheengine,thedrivermustdepresstheclutchpedal.Thisdisengagesthegearboxfromtheengine.Tomovethecar,thedrivermustreengagethegearboxtotheengine.However,theengagementofthepartsmustbegradual.Anengineatidledevelopslittlepower.Ifthetwopartswereconnectedtooquickly,theenginewouldstall.Theloadmustbeappliedgraduallytooperatethecarsmoothly.

Adriverdepressestheclutchpedaltoshiftthegearsinsidethegearbox.Afterthedriverreleasestheclutchpedal,theclutchmustactassolidcouplingdevice.Itmusttransmitallenginepowertothegearbox,withoutslipping.

Theclutchmechanismincludethreebasicparts:

drivingmember,drivenmember,operatingmembers.

●Thedrivingmember

Thedrivingmemberconsistsoftwoparts:

theflywheelandthepressureplate.Theflywheelisbolteddirectlytotheenginecrankshaftandrotateswhenthecrankshaftturns.Thepressureplateisboltedtotheflywheel.Theresultisthatbothflywheelandpressureplaterotatetogether.

●Thedrivenmember

Thedrivenmember,orclutchdisc,islocatedbetweentheflywheelandpressureplate.Thedischasasplinedhubthatlockstothesplinedinputshaftonthegearbox.Anyrotationoftheclutchdiscturnstheinputshaft.Likewise,anymotionoftheinputshaftmovestheclutchdisc.Thesplinesallowtheclutchdisctomoveforwardandbackwardontheshaftasitengagesanddisengages.

Theinnerpartoftheclutchdisc,calledthehubflange,hasanumberofsmallcoilsprings.Thesespringsarecalledtorsionalsprings.Theyletthemiddlepartoftheclutchdiscturnslightlyonthehub.Thus,thespringsabsorbthetorsionalvibrationsofthecrankshaft.Whenthespringshavecompressedcompletely,theclutchmovesbackuntilthespringsrelax.Inotherwords,theclutchabsorbstheseenginevibrations,preventingthevibrationsfromgoingthroughthedrivetrain.

●OperatingMembers

Thesearethepartsthatreleasepressurefromtheclutchdisc.Theoperatingmembersconsistoftheclutchpedal,clutchreturnspring,clutchlinkage,clutchfork,andthrowoutbearing.Theclutchlinkageincludestheclutchpedalandamechanicalorhydraulicsystemtomovetheotheroperatingmembers.

Whentheclutchpedalisdepressed,theclutchlinkageoperatestheclutchfork.Theclutchfork,orreleasefork,movesthethrowoutbearingagainstthepressureplatereleaselevers.Theseleversthencompressspringsthatnormallyholdtheclutchdisctightlyagainsttheflywheel.

Atthispoint,thetorqueoftheenginecannotturnthegearboxinputshaft.Thegearsinthegearboxmaybeshiftedorthevehiclecanbebroughttoafullstop.

Whentheclutchpedalisreleased,thepressureplateforcestheclutchdiscagainsttheflywheel.Theclutchreturnspringhelpsraisethepedal.

DClutchService

Themajorpartsoftheclutchassemblyneednomaintenanceorlubricationduringnormalservice.However,alllinkagepartsneedlubricationatpointsofcontact.Thelinkageitselfmustbeadjustedtopreventwearoftheclutchdisc.

●Free-playAdjustment

Youcanmakeonlyoneadjustmentontheclutchlinkage—thefree-playadjustment.Freeplayistheallowablespacebetweenthethrowoutbearingandthepressureplatereleaselevers.Thisspaceisimportantbecauseitpreventspressureontheleversthatcouldkeeptheclutchfromengagingfully.Inotherwords,thethrowoutbearingmustbeslightlyawayfromthepressureplateleverssothatthebearingappliesnopressureonthelevers.Ontheotherhand,theremustnotbetoomuchfreeplaybetweenthebearingandthelevers.Withtoomuchclearance,theclutchcannotfullydisengagedwhenthedriverpresstheclutchpedaltothefloor.Inmostcases,youmeasurethefreeplayattheclutchpedal,ratherthanatthebellhousing.

Thefreeplayallowssomemotionatthebeginningoftheclutchpedaltravel,beforethepedalmeetsresistance.Sincethedistancevarieswiththetypeofpressureplate,checktheservicemanual.Usually,freeplayshouldbeabout20to25mm.

Freeplaycanbeadjustedatsomepointwheretheclutchlinkageconsistsofthreadedrodswithlocknuts.Therodclosesttotheclutchforkisthemostcommonadjustmentpoint.Beginbylocatingtherodandlocknutbeneaththevehicle.Thendeterminewhichwaytoturntheadjustmentnutstogetthecorrectfreeplayatthepedal.Youcangetaroughestimateoffreeplaybymovingtheclutchforktoseeifitstillhassomemovement.Thebestwaytomaketheadjustmentistoloosenthelocknutandmovetheadjustmentnutafewturns.Thencheckthefreeplayatthepedal.Continuemakingadjustmentsuntilyouhavethecorrectfreeplay.Whenthefree-playadjustmentmeetsthemanufacturer’sspecification,tightenthelocknut.

Checkthefree-playadjustmenteverysixmonthsandmakeanyadjustment.Clutchesneedadjustmentthatoften,sincefreeplaydecreasesslightlyastheclutchdiscwears.However,theneedforfrequentadjustmentsmeansaproblemintheclutchmechanismitself.

Theremustbefreeplaybetweenthethrowoutbearingandpressureplatereleaselevers.Problemscanresultfrom“ridingtheclutch”.Adriverwhorestsonefootontheclutchpedalcausesthethrowoutbearingtorubagainsttheclutchreleaselevers.Asaresult,thethrowoutbearingbecomeswornquickly.Also,theclutchdiscmaywearoutduetoslippagebecausethepartsarenotfullyengaged.

●ClutchFaults

Thefollowingarethemainfaults:

Slip—failureofthesurfacetogripresultinginthedrivenplaterevolvingslowerthantheengineflywheel:

Clutchgetshotandemitsanodor.

Spinordrag—failureoftheplatestoseparateresultinginnoisefromthegearboxwhenselectingagear:

mostnoticeablewhenthevehicleisstationary.

Judder—avibrationwhichoccurswhentheclutchisbeingengaged,i.e.whenthevehicleisstationary.

Fierceness—suddendepartureofthevehicleeventhoughthepedalisbeingreleasedgradually.

ETheClutches（supplementarycontract）

Aclutchisafrictiondeviceusedtoconnectanddisconnectadrivingforcefromadrivenmember.Inautomotiveapplications,itisusedinconjunctionwithanengineflywheeltoprovidesmoothengagementanddisengagementoftheengineandmanualtransmission.

Sinceaninternalcombustionenginedevelopslittlepowerortorqueatlowrpm,itmustgainspeedbeforeitwillmovethevehicle.However,ifarapidlyrotatingengineissuddenlyconnectedtothedrivelineofastationaryvehicle,aviolentshockwillresult.

Sogradualapplicationofload,alongwithsomeslowingofenginespeed,isneededtoprovidereasonableandcomfortablestarts.Invehiclesequippedwithamanualtransmission,thisisaccomplishedbymeansofamechanicalclutch.

Theclutchutilizesfrictionforitsoperation.Themainpartsoftheclutchareapressureplate,andadrivendisk.Thepressureplateiscoupledwiththeflywheel,whilethedrivendiskisfittedtothediskbythespringssothatthetorqueistransmittedowingtofrictionforcesfromtheenginetotheinputshaftofthetransmission.Smoothengagementisensuredbyslippingofthediskbeforeafullpressureisapplied.

Theautomobilesareequippedwithadryspring-loadedclutch.Theclutchistermed“dry”becausethesurfacesofthepressureplateanddrivendisksaredryincontrasttooil-bathclutchesinwhichtheplateanddisksoperateinabathofoil.Itiscalled“springloaded”becausethepressureplateandthedrivendiskarealwayspressedtoeachotherbyspringsandarereleasedonlyforatimetoshiftgearsortobraketheautomobile.

Inadditiontotheplateanddisk,theclutchincludesacover,releaselevers,areleaseyoke,pressurespringsandacontrollinkage.Theclutchcoverisasteelstampingboltedtotheflywheel.Thereleaseleversaresecuredinsidethecoveronthesupportingbolts.Theouterendsofthereleaseleversarearticulatedtothepressureplate.Suchaconstructionallowsthepressureplate