何凯文英语二强化班阅读补充讲义Word文件下载.docx

何凯文英语二强化班阅读补充讲义Word文件下载.docx

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A）Theyhadtoworkfromearlymorningtilllateatnight.

B）Theyweresobusyworkingthattheyonlyatesimplemeals.

C）Theirdailyroutinefollowedtherhythmofthenaturalcycle.

D）Theirlifewasmuchmorecomfortablethanthatoftoday.

2.WhatdoesProfessorCaroleCounihansayaboutpre-industrialEuropeanfamilieseatingmealstogether?

A）Itwashelpfultomaintainanation’stradition.

B）Itbroughtfamilymembersclosertoeachother.

C）Itwascharacteristicoftheagrarianculture.

D）Itenabledfamiliestosavealotofmoney.

3.Whatdoes“culturalmetabolism”（Line1,Para.3）referto?

A）Evolutionaryadaptation.

B）Changesinlifestyle.

C）Socialprogress.

D）Paceoflife.

4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefoodpeopleeattoday?

A）Itsqualityisusuallyguaranteed.

B）Itisvaried,abundantandnutritious.

C）Itismorecostlythanwhatourancestorsate.

D）Itsproductiondependstoomuchontechnology.

5.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutItaliansoftheolddays?

A）Theyenjoyedcookingaswellaseating.

B）Theyateabigdinnerlateintheevening.

C）Theyatethreemealsregularlyeveryday.

D）Theywereexpertatcookingmeals.

Text2

Comeon—Everybody’sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood—drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheworld.

Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexamplesofthesocialcureinaction:

InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasloveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.

Theideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:

theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.“Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!

”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers—teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.

Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheloveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.

There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits—aswellasnegativeones—spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:

weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.

Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:

intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.

6.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesas.

[A]asupplementtothesocialcure

[B]astimulustogroupdynamics

[C]anobstacletosocialprogress

[D]acauseofundesirablebehaviors

7.Rosenbergholdsthatpublic-healthadvocatesshould.

[A]recruitprofessionaladvertisers

[B]learnfromadvertisers’experience

[C]stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers

[D]recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements

8.Intheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfailsto.

[A]adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactors

[B]effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure

[C]illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding

[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffect

9.Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofbehaviors

[A]isharmfultoournetworksoffriends

[B]willmisleadbehavioralstudies

[C]occurswithoutourrealizingit

[D]canproducenegativehealthhabits

10.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis.

[A]harmful

[B]desirable

[C]profound

[D]questionable

Text3

Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;

alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?

”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”

Ifyouarepartofthegroup,whichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.

Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.

11.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould________.

[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience

[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople

[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople

[D]showsympathyforyourlisteners

12.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare________.

[A]impolitetonewarrivals

[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole

[C]entitledtosomeprivileges

[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours

13.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices________.

[A]havebenefitedmanypeople

[B]arethefocusofpublicattention

[C]areani