何凯文英语二强化班阅读补充讲义Word文件下载.docx

1、 A） They had to work from early morning till late at night.B） They were so busy working that they only ate simple meals.C） Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.D） Their life was much more comfortable than that of today.2.What does Professor Carole Counihan say about pre-indus

2、trial European families eating meals together?A）It was helpful to maintain a nations tradition.B）It brought family members closer to each other.C）It was characteristic of the agrarian culture.D） It enabled families to save a lot of money.3.What does “cultural metabolism” （Line 1, Para. 3） refer to?A

3、） Evolutionary adaptation.B） Changes in lifestyle.C） Social progress.D） Pace of life.4.What does the author think of the food people eat today?A） Its quality is usually guaranteed.B） It is varied, abundant and nutritious.C） It is more costly than what our ancestors ate.D） Its production depends too

4、much on technology.5.What does the author say about Italians of the old days?A） They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.B） They ate a big dinner late in the evening.C） They ate three meals regularly every day.D） They were expert at cooking meals.Text 2Come onEverybodys doing it. That whispered messag

5、e, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no gooddrinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the soci

6、al cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program

7、called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-hea

8、lth campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. “Dare to be different, please dont smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagersteenagers, who desire nothing more

9、than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not e

10、nough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here is that it doesnt work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the loveLife program produ

11、ces lasting changes is limited and mixed.Theres no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habitsas well as negative onesspread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pre

12、ssure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. Its like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with

13、 better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And thats the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.6. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as .A a supplement to the social cu

14、reB a stimulus to group dynamicsCan obstacle to social progressDa cause of undesirable behaviors7.Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should .Arecruit professional advertisersBlearn from advertisers experienceCstay away from commercial advertisersDrecognize the limitations of advertisements

15、8.In the authors view, Rosenbergs book fails to .Aadequately probe social and biological factorsBeffectively evade the flaws of the social cureCillustrate the functions of state fundingDproduce a long-lasting social effect9.Paragraph 5 shows that our imitation of behaviorsAis harmful to our networks

16、 of friendsBwill mislead behavioral studiesCoccurs without our realizing itDcan produce negative health habits10.The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is . Aharmful Bdesirable Cprofound DquestionableText 3If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smil

17、e, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems

18、will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story whi

19、ch works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, th

20、e new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, thats God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor.”If you are part of the gr

21、oup, which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustnt attempt

22、to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more nat

23、ural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often its the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hea

24、rted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you dont succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about

25、and inject with humor.11. To make your humor work, you should _.A take advantage of different kinds of audienceB make fun of the disorganized peopleC address different problems to different peopleD show sympathy for your listeners12. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are _.A impolite to new arrivalsB very conscious of their godlike roleC entitled to some privilegesD very busy even during lunch hours13. It can be inferred from the text that public services _.A have benefited many peopleB are the focus of public attentionC are an i