英美文学选读之浪漫主义时期文档格式.docx

英美文学选读之浪漫主义时期文档格式.docx

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科勒律治；

乔治。

戈登。

拜伦；

珀。

比。

雪莱；

约翰。

济兹；

简。

奥斯汀

（二）考核要求

　　1）识记：

a.浪漫主义时期的界定

　　b.历史文化背景

　　2）领会：

a.浪漫主义思潮的意义与影响。

　　b.浪漫主义文学创作的基本主张及对后世文学的影响。

、

　　3）应用：

a.名词解释：

浪漫主义

　　b.浪漫主义时期文学特点的分析

　　2.该时期的重要作家

　　1）识记：

浪漫主义时期的重要作家，代表作品及其主要内容。

重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物塑造，语言风格，社会意义等。

a.浪漫派诗歌（所选作品）的主题，意象分析

　　b.小说《傲慢与偏见》的主题和主要人物的性格分析。

　　一、概述

　　1.一般识记

　　EnglishRomanticism

　　EnglishRomanticism,asahistoricalphaseofliterature,isgenerallysaidtohavebeganin1798withthepublicationofWordsworth&

Coleridge'

'

sLyricalBallads&

tohaveendedin1832withSirWalterScott'

sdeath&

thepassageofthefirstReformBillintheParliament.

　　2.识记Historical&

Culturalbackground

　　Duringthisperiod,Englandhadexperiencedprofoundeconomic&

socialchange.ThebiggestsocialchangeinEnglishhistorywasthetransferoflargemassesofthepopulationfromthecountrysidetothetowns.AsaresultoftheEnclosures&

theagriculturalmechanization,thepeasantsweredrivenoftheirland；

someemigratedtothecolonies；

somesanktotheleveloffarmlaborers&

manyothersdriftedtotheindustrialtownswheretherewasagrowingdemandforlabor.Butthenewindustrialtownswerenobetterthanjungles,wherethelawwas"

thesurvivalofthefittest."

Thecrueleconomicexploitationcausedlarge-scaleworkers'

disturbancesinEngland.来源:

考试大-自考

　3.领会

（1）InfluencesoftheRomanticMovement

　　Romanticismconstitutesachangeofdirectionfromattentiontotheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit.Inessenceitdesignatesaliterary&

philosophicaltheorywhichtendstoseetheindividualastheverycenterofalllife&

allexperience.Italsoplacestheindividualatthecenterofart,makingliteraturemostvaluableasanexpressionofthisorheruniquefeelings&

particularattitudes&

valuingitsaccuracyinportrayingtheindividual'

sexperiences.

（2）TheRomanticviewsaboutliterature

　　a.TheRomanticperiodisanageofpoetry.Blake,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,Shelley&

KeatsarethemajorRomanticpoets.Theystartedarebellionagainsttheneoclassicalliterature,whichwaslaterregardedasthepoeticrevolution.

　　b.TheRomanticperiodisalsoagreatageofprose.ThetwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten&

WalterScott.

　　c.Besidespoetry&

prose,therearequiteanumberofwriterswhohavefriedtheirhandatpoeticdramasinthisperiod.

　　4.应用

（1）LiteraryTerms

　　a.TheRomanticMovement

　　Itexpressedamoreorlessnegativeattitudetowardstheexistingsocial&

politicalconditionsthatcamewithindustrialization&

thegrowingimportanceofthebourgeoisie.TheRomanticsfeltthattheexistingsocietydeniedpeopletheiressentialhumanneeds,sotheydemonstratedastrongreactionagainstthedominantmodesofthinkingofthe18th-centurywriters&

philosophers.Wheretheirpredecessorssawmanasasocialanimal,theRomanticssawhimessentiallyasanindividualinthesolitarystate&

emphasizedthespecialqualitiesofeachindividual'

smind.Romanticismactuallyconstitutesachangeofdirectionfromattentiontotheouter.

　　b.TheGothicnovel

　　Itisatypeofromanticfictionthatpredominatedinthelate18thcentury&

wasonephaseoftheRomanticmovement,itsprincipalelementsareviolence,horror&

thesupernatural,whichstronglyappealtothereader'

semotion.Withitsdescriptionsofthedark,irrationalsideofhumannature,theGothicformhasexertedagreatinfluenceoverthewriteroftheRomanticperiod.WorkslikeTheMysteriesofUdolpho（1794）byAnnRadcliffe&

Frankenstein（1818）byMaryShelleyaretypicalGothicromance.

（2）CharacteristicsofRomanticliteratureinEnglishhistory.

　　TheRomanticperiodisanageofpoetryBlake,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,Shelley&

KeatsarethemajorRomanticpoets.Theystartedarebellionagainsttheneoclassicalliterature,whichwaslaterregardedasthepoeticrevolution.Wordsworth&

Coleridgewerethemajorrepresentativesofthismovement.Theyexplorednewtheories&

innovatednewtechniquesinpoetrywriting.Theysawpoetryasahealingenergy：

theybelievedthatpoetrycouldpurifybothindividualsouls&

thesociety.TheRomanticsnotonlyextolthefacultyofimagination,butalsostresstheconceptofspontaneity&

inspiration,regardingthemassomethingcrucialfortruepoetry.Thenaturalworldcomestotheforefrontofthepoeticimagination.Natureisnotonlythemajorsourceofpoeticimagery,butalsoprovidesthedominantsubjectmatter.Wordsworthistheclosesttonature.

　　Toescapefromaworldthathadbecameexcessivelyrational,aswellasexcessivelymaterialistic&

ugly,theRomanticswouldturntoothertimes&

places,wherethequalitiestheyvaluedcouldbeconvincinglydepicted.Romanticsalsotendtobenationalistic,defendingthegreatpoets&

dramatistsoftheirownnationalheritageagainsttheadvocatesofclassicalruleswhotendedtoglorifyRome&

rationalItalian&

Frenchneoclassicalartassuperiortothenativetraditions.TotheRomantics,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules.Theywouldturntothehumblepeople&

theireverydaylifeforsubjects,RomanticwritersarealwaysseekingfortheAbsolute,theIdealthroughthetranscendenceoftheactual.Theyhavealsomadeboldexperimentsinpoeticlanguage,versification&

design,&

constructedavarietyofformsonoriginalprinciplesofstructure&

style.

　二该时期的重要作家

　　I.WilliamBlake

　　1.一般识记：

Hislife

　　Englishpoet，artist，&

philosopher，borninLondonEngland，Nov28，1757，anddiedinLondon，Aug12，1827.BlakemadedistinguishedcontributionstobothLiterature&

art.HerankswithgreatpoetsintheEnglishlanguage&

maybeconsideredtheearliestofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoets.Hispoemsrangefromlyricsofchildlikesimplicitytomysticalorpropheticworksofgreatcomplexity.Asanartistheisbestknownforhisengravings，whichareamongthemasterpiecesofgraphicart.

　　2.识记Hispolitical，religious&

literaryviews

　　Blakenevertriedtofitintotheworld；

hewasarebelinnocently&

completelyallhislife.Hewaspoliticallyofthepermanentleft&

mixedagooddealwiththeradicalslikeThomasPaine&

WilliamGodwin.LikeShelley，Blakestronglycriticizedthecapitalists'

cruelexploitation，sayingthatthe"

darksatanicmillsleftmenunemployed，killedchildren&

forcedprostitution."

Meanwhilehecherishedgreatexpectations&

enthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution，&

regardeditasanecessarystageleadingtothemillenniumpredictedbythebiblicalprophets.LiterarilyBlakewasthefirstimportantRomanticpoet，showingcontemptfortheruleofreason，opposingtheclassicaltraditionofthe18thcentury&

treasuringtheindividual'

simagination.

　　3.领会Hispoems

（1）Earlyworks

　　TheSongsofInnocence（1809）isalovelyvolumeofpoems，presentingahappy&

innocentworld，thoughnotwithoutitsevils&

sufferings.Forinstance，"

HolyThursday"

withitsvisionofcharitychildrenlit"

witharadiancealltheirown"

remindsusterriblyofaworldofloss&

institutionalcruelty.Thewretchedchilddescribedin"

TheChimneySweeper，"

orphaned，exploited，yettouchedbyvisionaryrapture，evokesunbearablepoignancywhenhefinallyputshistrustintheorderoftheuniverseasheknowsit.HisSongsofExperience（1794）paintsadifferentworld，aworldofmisery，poverty，disease，war&

repressionwithamelancholytone.ThebenightedEnglandbecomestheworldofthedarkwood&

oftheweepingprophet.Theorphansof"

arenow"

fedwithcold&

usurioushand."

Thelittlechimneysweepersings"

notesofwoe"

whilehisparentsgotochurch&

praise"

God&

hisPriest&

King"

——theveryinstrumentsoftheirrepression.In"

London"

，thecityisnolongeraparadise，butbecomestheseatofpoverty&

despair，ofmanalienatedfromhistrueself.Blake'

sMarriageofHeaven&

Hell（1790）markshisentryintomaturity.ThepoemwascomposedduringtheclimaxoftheFrenchRevolution&

itplaysthedoublerolebothasasatire&

arevolutionaryprophecy.Inthispoem，Blakeexplorestherelationshipofthecontraries.Attraction&

repulsion，reason&

energy，love&

hate，arenecessarytohumanexistence.Lifeisacontinualconflictofgive&

take，apairingofopposites，ofgood&

evil，ofinnocence&

experience，ofbody&

soul."

Withoutcontraries，"

Blakestates，"

thereisnoprogression."

The"

marriage，"

toBlake，meansthereconciliationofthecontraries，notthesubordinationoftheonetotheother.

（2）Laterworks

　　Inhislaterperiod，Blakewrotequiteafewpropheticbooks，whichrevealhimastheprophetofuniversalpolitical&

spiritualfreedomandshowthepoethimselfasthespokesmanofrevolt.Themajoronesare：

TheBookofUrizen（1794），TheBookofLos（1795）。

TheFourZoas（1796-1807）&

Milton（1804-1920）。

　　4.领会CharacteristicsofBlake'

spoems

　　Blakewholivedintheblazeofrevelation，feltboundtodeclarethat"

IknowthatThisworldisaworldofIMAGINATION&

Vision，"

&

that"

TheNatureofmyworkisvisionaryorimaginative."

　　Fromchildhood，Blakehadastronglyvisualmind；

whateverheimagined，healsosaw.Asanimaginativepoet，hepresentshisviewinvisualimagesinsteadofabstractterms.

　　Blakewriteshispoemsinplain&

directlanguage.Hispoemsoftencar