英美文学选读之浪漫主义时期文档格式.docx
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科勒律治;
乔治。
戈登。
拜伦;
珀。
比。
雪莱;
约翰。
济兹;
简。
奥斯汀
(二)考核要求
1)识记:
a.浪漫主义时期的界定
b.历史文化背景
2)领会:
a.浪漫主义思潮的意义与影响。
b.浪漫主义文学创作的基本主张及对后世文学的影响。
、
3)应用:
a.名词解释:
浪漫主义
b.浪漫主义时期文学特点的分析
2.该时期的重要作家
1)识记:
浪漫主义时期的重要作家,代表作品及其主要内容。
重要作家的创作思想,艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构,人物塑造,语言风格,社会意义等。
a.浪漫派诗歌(所选作品)的主题,意象分析
b.小说《傲慢与偏见》的主题和主要人物的性格分析。
一、概述
1.一般识记
EnglishRomanticism
EnglishRomanticism,asahistoricalphaseofliterature,isgenerallysaidtohavebeganin1798withthepublicationofWordsworth&
Coleridge'
'
sLyricalBallads&
tohaveendedin1832withSirWalterScott'
sdeath&
thepassageofthefirstReformBillintheParliament.
2.识记Historical&
Culturalbackground
Duringthisperiod,Englandhadexperiencedprofoundeconomic&
socialchange.ThebiggestsocialchangeinEnglishhistorywasthetransferoflargemassesofthepopulationfromthecountrysidetothetowns.AsaresultoftheEnclosures&
theagriculturalmechanization,thepeasantsweredrivenoftheirland;
someemigratedtothecolonies;
somesanktotheleveloffarmlaborers&
manyothersdriftedtotheindustrialtownswheretherewasagrowingdemandforlabor.Butthenewindustrialtownswerenobetterthanjungles,wherethelawwas"
thesurvivalofthefittest."
Thecrueleconomicexploitationcausedlarge-scaleworkers'
disturbancesinEngland.来源:
考试大-自考
3.领会
(1)InfluencesoftheRomanticMovement
Romanticismconstitutesachangeofdirectionfromattentiontotheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit.Inessenceitdesignatesaliterary&
philosophicaltheorywhichtendstoseetheindividualastheverycenterofalllife&
allexperience.Italsoplacestheindividualatthecenterofart,makingliteraturemostvaluableasanexpressionofthisorheruniquefeelings&
particularattitudes&
valuingitsaccuracyinportrayingtheindividual'
sexperiences.
(2)TheRomanticviewsaboutliterature
a.TheRomanticperiodisanageofpoetry.Blake,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,Shelley&
KeatsarethemajorRomanticpoets.Theystartedarebellionagainsttheneoclassicalliterature,whichwaslaterregardedasthepoeticrevolution.
b.TheRomanticperiodisalsoagreatageofprose.ThetwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten&
WalterScott.
c.Besidespoetry&
prose,therearequiteanumberofwriterswhohavefriedtheirhandatpoeticdramasinthisperiod.
4.应用
(1)LiteraryTerms
a.TheRomanticMovement
Itexpressedamoreorlessnegativeattitudetowardstheexistingsocial&
politicalconditionsthatcamewithindustrialization&
thegrowingimportanceofthebourgeoisie.TheRomanticsfeltthattheexistingsocietydeniedpeopletheiressentialhumanneeds,sotheydemonstratedastrongreactionagainstthedominantmodesofthinkingofthe18th-centurywriters&
philosophers.Wheretheirpredecessorssawmanasasocialanimal,theRomanticssawhimessentiallyasanindividualinthesolitarystate&
emphasizedthespecialqualitiesofeachindividual'
smind.Romanticismactuallyconstitutesachangeofdirectionfromattentiontotheouter.
b.TheGothicnovel
Itisatypeofromanticfictionthatpredominatedinthelate18thcentury&
wasonephaseoftheRomanticmovement,itsprincipalelementsareviolence,horror&
thesupernatural,whichstronglyappealtothereader'
semotion.Withitsdescriptionsofthedark,irrationalsideofhumannature,theGothicformhasexertedagreatinfluenceoverthewriteroftheRomanticperiod.WorkslikeTheMysteriesofUdolpho(1794)byAnnRadcliffe&
Frankenstein(1818)byMaryShelleyaretypicalGothicromance.
(2)CharacteristicsofRomanticliteratureinEnglishhistory.
TheRomanticperiodisanageofpoetryBlake,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,Shelley&
KeatsarethemajorRomanticpoets.Theystartedarebellionagainsttheneoclassicalliterature,whichwaslaterregardedasthepoeticrevolution.Wordsworth&
Coleridgewerethemajorrepresentativesofthismovement.Theyexplorednewtheories&
innovatednewtechniquesinpoetrywriting.Theysawpoetryasahealingenergy:
theybelievedthatpoetrycouldpurifybothindividualsouls&
thesociety.TheRomanticsnotonlyextolthefacultyofimagination,butalsostresstheconceptofspontaneity&
inspiration,regardingthemassomethingcrucialfortruepoetry.Thenaturalworldcomestotheforefrontofthepoeticimagination.Natureisnotonlythemajorsourceofpoeticimagery,butalsoprovidesthedominantsubjectmatter.Wordsworthistheclosesttonature.
Toescapefromaworldthathadbecameexcessivelyrational,aswellasexcessivelymaterialistic&
ugly,theRomanticswouldturntoothertimes&
places,wherethequalitiestheyvaluedcouldbeconvincinglydepicted.Romanticsalsotendtobenationalistic,defendingthegreatpoets&
dramatistsoftheirownnationalheritageagainsttheadvocatesofclassicalruleswhotendedtoglorifyRome&
rationalItalian&
Frenchneoclassicalartassuperiortothenativetraditions.TotheRomantics,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules.Theywouldturntothehumblepeople&
theireverydaylifeforsubjects,RomanticwritersarealwaysseekingfortheAbsolute,theIdealthroughthetranscendenceoftheactual.Theyhavealsomadeboldexperimentsinpoeticlanguage,versification&
design,&
constructedavarietyofformsonoriginalprinciplesofstructure&
style.
二该时期的重要作家
I.WilliamBlake
1.一般识记:
Hislife
Englishpoet,artist,&
philosopher,borninLondonEngland,Nov28,1757,anddiedinLondon,Aug12,1827.BlakemadedistinguishedcontributionstobothLiterature&
art.HerankswithgreatpoetsintheEnglishlanguage&
maybeconsideredtheearliestofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoets.Hispoemsrangefromlyricsofchildlikesimplicitytomysticalorpropheticworksofgreatcomplexity.Asanartistheisbestknownforhisengravings,whichareamongthemasterpiecesofgraphicart.
2.识记Hispolitical,religious&
literaryviews
Blakenevertriedtofitintotheworld;
hewasarebelinnocently&
completelyallhislife.Hewaspoliticallyofthepermanentleft&
mixedagooddealwiththeradicalslikeThomasPaine&
WilliamGodwin.LikeShelley,Blakestronglycriticizedthecapitalists'
cruelexploitation,sayingthatthe"
darksatanicmillsleftmenunemployed,killedchildren&
forcedprostitution."
Meanwhilehecherishedgreatexpectations&
enthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution,&
regardeditasanecessarystageleadingtothemillenniumpredictedbythebiblicalprophets.LiterarilyBlakewasthefirstimportantRomanticpoet,showingcontemptfortheruleofreason,opposingtheclassicaltraditionofthe18thcentury&
treasuringtheindividual'
simagination.
3.领会Hispoems
(1)Earlyworks
TheSongsofInnocence(1809)isalovelyvolumeofpoems,presentingahappy&
innocentworld,thoughnotwithoutitsevils&
sufferings.Forinstance,"
HolyThursday"
withitsvisionofcharitychildrenlit"
witharadiancealltheirown"
remindsusterriblyofaworldofloss&
institutionalcruelty.Thewretchedchilddescribedin"
TheChimneySweeper,"
orphaned,exploited,yettouchedbyvisionaryrapture,evokesunbearablepoignancywhenhefinallyputshistrustintheorderoftheuniverseasheknowsit.HisSongsofExperience(1794)paintsadifferentworld,aworldofmisery,poverty,disease,war&
repressionwithamelancholytone.ThebenightedEnglandbecomestheworldofthedarkwood&
oftheweepingprophet.Theorphansof"
arenow"
fedwithcold&
usurioushand."
Thelittlechimneysweepersings"
notesofwoe"
whilehisparentsgotochurch&
praise"
God&
hisPriest&
King"
——theveryinstrumentsoftheirrepression.In"
London"
,thecityisnolongeraparadise,butbecomestheseatofpoverty&
despair,ofmanalienatedfromhistrueself.Blake'
sMarriageofHeaven&
Hell(1790)markshisentryintomaturity.ThepoemwascomposedduringtheclimaxoftheFrenchRevolution&
itplaysthedoublerolebothasasatire&
arevolutionaryprophecy.Inthispoem,Blakeexplorestherelationshipofthecontraries.Attraction&
repulsion,reason&
energy,love&
hate,arenecessarytohumanexistence.Lifeisacontinualconflictofgive&
take,apairingofopposites,ofgood&
evil,ofinnocence&
experience,ofbody&
soul."
Withoutcontraries,"
Blakestates,"
thereisnoprogression."
The"
marriage,"
toBlake,meansthereconciliationofthecontraries,notthesubordinationoftheonetotheother.
(2)Laterworks
Inhislaterperiod,Blakewrotequiteafewpropheticbooks,whichrevealhimastheprophetofuniversalpolitical&
spiritualfreedomandshowthepoethimselfasthespokesmanofrevolt.Themajoronesare:
TheBookofUrizen(1794),TheBookofLos(1795)。
TheFourZoas(1796-1807)&
Milton(1804-1920)。
4.领会CharacteristicsofBlake'
spoems
Blakewholivedintheblazeofrevelation,feltboundtodeclarethat"
IknowthatThisworldisaworldofIMAGINATION&
Vision,"
&
that"
TheNatureofmyworkisvisionaryorimaginative."
Fromchildhood,Blakehadastronglyvisualmind;
whateverheimagined,healsosaw.Asanimaginativepoet,hepresentshisviewinvisualimagesinsteadofabstractterms.
Blakewriteshispoemsinplain&
directlanguage.Hispoemsoftencar