宾语从句讲义文档格式.docx
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由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what引导的宾语从句
由连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句
1.由that引导的宾语从句
that本身无意义，只起连接作用，在口语或者非正式文体中常省略，引导的是陈述句。
如：
e.g.
Ihear（that）he'
llbebackinamonth.
HesaidthatKatewasgoodatswimming.
Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.
2.whether/if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。
常用在ask,wonder,can（could）youtellme等后。
一般可以互换。
tknowwhether/ifhewouldcome.
Heaskedmewhether/ifIlikedwatchingTV.
Iwanttoknowif（whether）hewillgototheparkwithus.
Iwonderwhetheritisgoingtorainornot.
Couldyoutellmewhether（if）MrLiliveshere?
注意：
if和whether引导宾语从句时一般可以互换，但是在下列情况下只能用whether不能用if:
（1）引导表语从句或者同位语从句
Thequestioniswhetherthebookisworthreading.
要区分if意为“如果”,"
是否"
的情况
（2）在句首引导主语从句
whetheryougoornotmattersalot.
（3）whether后可紧接不定式todo或ornot，if则不能。
Ijustwonderwhetheritisgoodforusornot.
Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.
Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.
MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.
Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.
（4）在介词之后只能用whether不能用if。
Itdependsonwhethershehasenoughmoney.
I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.
Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.
3、wh-及how系列引导宾语从句
即连接代词what,who,which,whom,whose
和连接副词when,where,why,how
以及
howmany,howmuch,howold,howfar,howlong,howoften,howsoon等。
连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时，要在句子中充当成分，具有一定的意义，不能省略。
tknowwhoheis.
tknowwhysomanypeoplearecrowdingroundhim.
Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.
Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor?
Heaskedwhosebikewasthebestintheclass.
Doyouknowwhenwe'
llhaveameeting?
练习
1.---Couldyoutellme________theschoolis?
---Walkalongthisstreet,andthenturnleftatthefirstcrossing.Itisjustoppositethepostoffice.
A.howbig B.what C.where D.how
2.Thisdependson_________theweatherisfine.
A.whichB.whetherC.ifD.That
3.Couldyoutellme
youwerelateforthemeetingthismorning?
A.where
B.why
C.when
4.Canyoutellme
____
youwereborn,Betty?
A.who
B.what
C.whenD.that
5.Hesaid_________therewasgoingtobeameetingthatevening.
A.whatB.ifC.thatD.how
6.Idon'
tknow________theyhavepassedtheexam.
A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where
7.Ihardlyunderstand._________hehastoldme.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.Who
8.Idon’tknow_________ornot?
A.WhetherheisathomeB.Ifheisathome
C.ThatheisathomeD.Whetherisathome
9.Idon’tknow_________hewillcometomorrow.________hecomes,I’lltellyou.
A.if;
WhetherB.whether;
WhetherC.if;
That
D.if;
If
3、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的基本结构为：
连接词+陈述语序，即：
连接词+主+谓
凡是助动词，情态动词，be动词在从句主语前面都要调到主语后面，若是助动词dodoesdid，要把它们去掉。
（1）陈述句变为that引导的宾语从句
“Youareagoodstudent,Tom”,hesays.
HesaysTomisagoodstudent.
Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.
（2）一般疑问句变为由if/weather引导的宾语从句
Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?
”
Sheaskedif（whether）Ioftencameheretoreadnewspaper.
HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.
（3）特殊疑问句变为who,what,when等引导的宾语从句
Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?
”
HeaskedwhereIlived.
Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.
“Howcanwegettothepostoffice?
”heasked.
Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepostoffice.
CanyoutellmehowIcangetgothestation?
Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?
练习题
1.SheaskedmeifIknew__________.
A.whosepenisit
B.whosepenitwas
C.whosepenitis
D.whosepenwasit
2.MissLiwantstoknow_________
nextweek.
A.whenmyuncleleaves
B.whenwillmyuncleleave
C.wheremyunclewillstay
D.wheredoesmyunclestay
3.Couldyoutellme________withthemoney?
A.howtodo
B.whatshouldIdo
C.howIshoulddo
D.whatIshoulddo
4.Couldyoutellme________theradiowithouthelp?
A.howdidhemend
B.whatdidhemend
C.howhemended
D.whathemended
5.Youmustremember________.
A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersay
C.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid
6.Couldyoutellme________?
A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor
C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein
7.Whocantellme______?
A.whatisTom'
sfatherB.wheredoesTomlive
C.howoldTomisD.whenwillTomcome
8.---Canyoumakesure_______thebooks?
---Sorry,Idon'
tknow.
A.howhadJackputawayB.whereJackhasputaway
C.whendidJackputawayD.whywouldJackputaway
9.---Whatareyoutalkingabout?
---Wearediscussing_________.
A.whenwillwegoB.wherewillwego
C.whowillgowithusD.howwillwego
宾语从句特殊情况：
what,which,who做主语时，语序：
连接词（主）+谓语
1.---Whatareyoutalkingabout?
---Wearediscussing____.
A.whenwillwegoB.wherewillwego
C.whowillgowithusD.howwillwego
2.---Tellme______.
---Well,it'
slike....
A.whatiswrongwithitB.whatisit
C.whatthematteriswithitD.whatisitlike
3.Thesmallchildrendon’tknow______.
A.whatistheirstockingsin
B.whatisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockingsin
D.whatintheirstockings
4、宾语从句的时态
1.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。
tknowwhetherthewatchwasmadeinshanghai.
HehastoldmethathewillleaveforNewYorktomorrow.
2.如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，那么宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态。
但是当宾语从句阐述的内容为客观真理或科学事实时，从句的谓语动词仍然要用一般现在时。
Heaskedtheboysiftheywantedthefriedchicken.
（宾语从句动作和主句动作紧接发生，从句用一般过去时）
Unclesaidthathewaswritinganewnovel.
（宾语从句动作和主句动作同时发生，从句用过去进行时）
Theteacheraskedthelittleboyifhehadfinishedhishomework.
（宾语从句动作发生在主句动作之前，从句用过去完成时）
Jackdidn'
tknowtherewouldbeameetingtwodayslater.
（宾语从句动作发生在主句动作之后，从句用过去将来时）
Theteachersaidthemoonmovesaroundthesun.
Ourteachertoldusthattheearthisround.
（宾语从句的内容为科学事实，从句要用一般现在时）
练一练
1.Heaskedhisfather________.
A.whereithappens
B.wheredidithappen
C.howithappened
D.howdidithappen
2.Iwanttoknowhowlong.
A.hashebeenbackB．hashecomeback
C.hehasbeenbackD．hehascomeback
3.Doyouknow?
A．whatthenewsareB．whatisthenews
C．whatthenewsisD．whatarethenews
4.Idon'
tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.
A.whydidhegetB.whyhegets
C.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot
5.Couldyoutellme___?
语序和时态
A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing
C.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing
6.Shedidn'
tknow___backsoon.
A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebe
C.hewillbeD.ifhewillcome
7.Pleasetellme______lastyear.
A.wheredoesyoursisterworkB.wheredidyoursisterwork
CwhereyoursisterworksD.whereyoursisterworked
8.SheaskedmeifIknew________.
A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwas
C.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit
综合练习
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．DoesMr．BrownenjoylivinginChina？
Couldyoutellus？
2．“Doesthegirlneedanyhelp？
”heaskedme．
3．Whendoesthetrainleave？
Iwanttoknow．
4．DidPetercomehereyesterday？
LiLeiwantstoknow．
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