英美文学考试教学内容.docx

英美文学考试教学内容.docx

《英美文学考试教学内容.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英美文学考试教学内容.docx（6页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英美文学考试教学内容

英美文学考试

Epic:

Alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofagreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.Manyepicsweredrawnfromanoraltraditionandweretransmittedbysongandrecitationbeforetheywerewrittendown.

Romance:

Anyimaginaryliteraturethatdescribedtheidealismworldandthatdealswithheroicandadventuresorbattlesbetweengoodcharactersandvillainsormonsters.IngeneralitwasamedievaltalewhichinvolvewithloversandadventuresofKings,Queens,Knights,andLadies,andincludingsomeunlikelyorsupernaturalismhappenings.

Verse:

Formofwriting,arrangedinlines,eachcontainingapatternofaccentedandunaccentedsyllables,allgroupsoflinesformingaunitofrhymescheme.

JohnDryden:

Englishpoetryanddramatists,alsoconsideredthefatherofEnglishliteraturecriticism,hebecamethePoetLaureatein1668.

BlackVerse:

Blankverseisaversethatiswritteninunrhymediambicpentameter,usedinShakespeare'sdramasandMilton'sParadiseLost,isoneofthemostcommonmetricalpatternsinEnglishpoetry.

Gothicnovels—Andfromthemiddleparttotheendofthecenturytherewasalsoanapparentshiftofinterestfromtheclassicliterarytraditiontooriginalityandimagination,fromsocietytoindividual,andfromthedidactictotheconfessional（忏悔的）,inspirationalandprophetic.Gothicnovels—mostlystoriesofmysteryandhorrorwhichtakeplaceinsomehauntedordilapidated（荒废的，破旧的）andMiddleAgecastles—wereturnedoutprofusely（丰富的）bybothmaleandfemalewriters;workssuchasTheCastleofOtranto（1765）byHoraceWalpole,ThemysteriesofUdolpho（1794）andTheItalian（1797）byMrs.AnnRadcliffe，TheChampionofVirtue，aGothicStory（1777）byClaraReeve,andTheMonk（1796）byM.G.Lewisbecameverypopular.Eulogizing（颂扬，称赞）orlamenting（挽歌，哀掉）lyricsbynaturepoetslikeJamesThomson,WilliamCollins,andWilliamCowper,andbysuchsentimentalists（多愁善感的人）asthe"GraveyardSchool"werewidelyread.TheromanticpoemsoftheScottishpeasantpoet,RobertBurnsandWilliamBlakealsojoinedin,pavingthewayfortheflourishofRomanticismearlythenextcentury.

Modernismroseoutofskepticism（怀疑主义）anddisillusion（使醒悟）ofcapitalism（资本主义）.Theappalling（可怕的）shockoftheFirstWorldWarseverelydestroyedpeople'sfaithintheVictorianvalues;andtheriseoftheirrational（荒谬的）philosophyandnewsciencegreatlyincited（煽动，激励）writerstomakenewexplorationsonhumannaturesandhumanrelationships.

TheFrenchsymbolism（象征主义）,appearinginthelate19thcentury,heralded（预示着，先驱）modernism.AftertheFirstWorldWar,allkindsofliteraturetrendsofmodernismappeared:

expressionism,surrealism,futurism,Dadaism（达达主义崇尚虚无的艺术派别）,imagismandstreamofconsciousness.Towardsthe1920s,thesetrendsconverged（聚合）intoamightytorrentofmodernistmovement,whichsweptacrossthewholeEuropeandAmerica.ThemajorfiguresthatwereassociatedwiththismovementwereKafka,Picasso,Pound,Webern,Eliot,JoyceandVirginiawoolf.Modernismwassomewhatcurbed（抑制）inthe1930s.ButaftertheSecondWorldWar,avarietyofmodernism,orpost-modernism,likeexistentialistliterature,theateroftheabsurd,newnovelsandblackhumor,rosewiththespuroftheexistentialistideathat"theworldwasabsurd,andthehumanlifewasanagony（苦恼）."

Modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsycho-analysisasitstheoreticalbase.Themajorthemesofthemodernistliteraturearethedistorted（扭曲的）,alienated（疏远的）andillrelationshipsbetweenmanandnature,manandsociety,manandman,andmanandhimself.Themodernistwritersconcentratemoreontheprivatethanonthepublic,moreonthesubjectivethanontheobjective.Theyaremainlyconcernedwiththeinnerbeingofanindividual.Therefore,theypaymoreattentiontothepsychic（精神的，灵魂的）timethanthechronological（按时间顺序的）one.Intheirwritings,thepast,thepresentandthefuturearemingled（混合）togetherandexistatthesametimeintheconsciousnessofanindividual.

Modernismis,inmanyaspects,areactionagainstrealism.Itrejectsrationalism,whichisthetheoreticalbaseofrealism;itexcludesfromitsmajorconcerntheexternal,objective,materialworld,whichistheonlycreativesourceofrealism;byadvocatingafreeexperimentation（实验）onnewformsandnewtechniquesinliterarycreation,itcastsawayalmostallthetraditionalelementsinliteraturesuchasstory,plot,character,chronologicalnarration,etc.,whichareessentialtorealism.Asaresult,theworkscreatedbythemodernistwritersareoftenlabeledasanti-novel,anti-poetryandanti-drama.

Page1~2

TheperiodofOldEnglishliteratureextendsfromabout450to1066,theyearoftheNormanconquestofEngland.TheGermanictribesfromtheNorthernEuropebroughtwiththemnotonlytheAnglo-Saxonlang