中山陵导游词Word格式.docx
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woodcutterinzhoushan"
ashisaliaswhenhetookpartintherevolutionaryactivities,hewasrespectfullyandwidelycalledmr.sunzhongshaninchina.onoctober12,1866,mr.sunwasborninafarmer'
sfamilyincaihengvillageofxiangshancounty(thepresent-dayzhongshangcity),guangdongprovince.whenhewasstillyoung,hehadgreatexpectations.hestudiedmedicineinhonolulu,hongkongandsomeotherplacesandaftergraduationheworkedasapractitioneringangzhou,macaoandotherplaceslaterhegaveupmedicineashisprofessiontotakepartinpoliticalactivities.in1905,hesetupchinaallianceorganizationinjapanandhewaselectedpresident.heputforwardthefamousguidingprinciple-"
drivingtheinvadersout,restoringthesovereigntyofchina,establishingarepublicandequalizingthelandownership"
andthethreepeople'
sprinciples-"
nationalism,democracyandthepeople'
slivelihood."
onoctober10,1911,thewuchanguprisingbrokeoutanddr.sunaselectedinrterimpresidentoftherepublicofchinabyrepresentativesfromseventeenprovinces.onthefollowingnewyear'
sday(january1,1912)mr.suntooktheoathofofficeinnanjing.fromthenon,mr.sunexperiencedyuanshikai'
susurpation,thesecondrevolution,"
campaignprotectingtheinterimconstitution."
in1921,mr.suntookthepositionofpresidentinunusualtimesinguangzhou.atthefirstnationalcongressofkuomintangheldinquangzhouin1924,heperfectedtheoriginalthreepeople'
sprinciplesandputforwardthreepeople'
snewprinciples.healsoproposedthepoliciesof"
makinganalliancewithrussiaandthecommunistpartyofchinaandhelpingthefarmersandworkers."
innovember1924,inspiteofhisillness,mr.sunwentuptobeijingtodiscussstateaffairswithgeneralfengyuxiang.
Unfortunately,hebrokedownfromconstantoverworkandpassedawayonmarch12,1925.
Thelocationofthemausoleumwaschosenbymr.sunhimself.hereisexactlyagoodplacetobuildamausoleum.youmaywonder:
mr.sunwasborninguangdongbutdiedinbeijing.forhiswholelifehetraveledthroughoutchinafortherevolution.whydidhechoosenanjingasthevenueofhistomb?
Itissaidthatfarbeforemr.suntookofficein1912,theabbotoflingumonasteryhadrecommendedhimthathisplaceisgoodforfengshui,becauseitfacestheplainandisbackedupbygreenmountainsasitsprotectivescreen.onmarch31,1912mr.unresignedasapoliticalcompromiseforthesakeoftheunionofthenorthchinaandthesouthchina.onedayoftheearlyapril,hewenthuntingwithhuhanminaroundthepietytombofmingdynasty.theytookarestintheplacewehrethemausoleumislocatednow.mr.sunlookedaroundandsaid"
ifpossibleiwouldlikemycountrymentoallowmetohavethisplacetoburymycoffin."
surely,thefengshuiofthezijingmountainisnotthebasicreasonforthelocationofmr.sun'
smausoleum.thebasicreasonisthat,hesaidondying"
aftermydeath,youcanburymeatthefootofthezijinmountaininnanjinginmemoryoftherevolutionof1911,becausenanjingiswherethetemporarygovernmentwasfounded."
soalthoughmr.sunstayedinnanjingnotalongtime,ithadaspecialmeaningtohim.fundamentallyspeaking,thereasonhechosezijingmountainashispermanentresting-placeistocommemoratetherevolutionof1911andtoencouragetherevolutionaries.
Inordertorespectmr.sun'
swish,thepreparatorycommitteeofsunyat-sen'
sfuneral,includinghiswifesongqinglingandhissonsunke,examinedtheareaandchosethesiteforthemausoleum.theydelimited2000muandofferedarewardinnewspaperforthebestdesignofthemausoleum.amongallthecontribution,youngarchitect
luyanzhi`sdesign,adesignintheshapeofabell,washighlypraisedandgainedthefirstprizeandhehimselfwasinvitedtosupervisethewholeprojectaswell.
Onmarch12,1926,thefirstanniversaryofmr.sun'
sdeath,theprojectgotstartedand3yearslater,itwascompletedinspringof1929.itcost1.5millionsilvercollarstotally.
unfortunately,luyanzhi,theyoungarchitectwithgreatgift,sufferedwhensupervisingtheproject,anddiedat35,justbeforethecompletionofthemausoleum.thecompletionceremonywasheldonjune1,1929andmr.sun'
sremainswastransportedfrombeijingtonangjing.fromthenon,mr.sunhassleptherefornearly70years.
Theconstructionofdr.sunyat-sen'
smausoleumwasanimportanteventinthehistoryofnanjing.inordertomeetmr.sun'
scoffin,thefirstasphaltroadwasbuiltfromzhongshanportinthewesttozhongshangateintheeast;
itis12kilometresinlengthandalsocalledzhongshanroad.uptotoday,zhangshanroadisstilloneofthemostimportantmainroads.atthesametime,thecitygatechaoyanggatewhichwasbuiltinmingdynastywasrenovatedandchangeditsnametozhongshangate.betweenzhongshanggateanddr.sunyat-sen'
smausoleum,aroadcalledthemausoleumroadwasbuilt.justasthepeopleofparistakeprideoftheirleschamps-elyseesandthepeopleofnewyork,thefifthavenue,thenanjingpeopleareprondoftheirboulevards.andthe3kilometerslongmausoleumroadisundoubtedlythebestrepresentativeoftheseboulevards.alongbothsidesofthe"
greencorridor"
growsthemainkindoftreeinnanjingasparasolsusuallychinesepeoplecallthemfrenchplanetrees,infacttheyarechineselocalproducts.justbecausefrenchmentookthemfromyunnanprovincetofranceandlatertheytransplantedthemintheirleasedterritoryinshanghai,thatiswhytheygotsuchaname.
Now,wearegoingoutofthezhongshangateanddrivingalongthemausoleumroad.thedestinationaheadisasquareinshapeofcrescent,accordingtoluyanzhi'
sdesign,theplaceofthemausoleumislikea"
duo"
abigwoodenbell,whichwasusedtoannounceapolicy,decreeorawarinancienttime.duo'
ssoundisloudandclear,implyingtomakethewholeworldpeacefulandhappy.thedesignremindsthepeopleofdr.sunyat-sen'
swell-knownsaying"
therevolutionisfarfromsuccessandweshouldcontinueworkinghard."
thissayingalsoservessanalerttothelatergeneration.thecrescent-shapedsquareisthebottomofthe"
belloffreedom"
.
Now,pleaselooktothesouth.thereisaoctagonplatformstructuredwithreinforcedconcretebutcoveredwithjinshanstoneofsuzhou.theplatformisdividedintothreelayersandeachlayerisenclosedbystonerails.thecopper"
ding"
(anancientcookingvessel)withtwoloopedhandlesandtwolegsweighs5000kg.itis4.25metershighanditsdiameteris1.23meters.itisoneoftheconstructionformemoryofthemausoleum.the"
ding"
wasbuiltinautumn,1933withdonationofstudentsandteachingstaffofthezhongshanuniversityandmr.daijitao.onesideofthe"
isengravedwiththreecharacters"
intelligence,humanityandbrevity"
.thesethreewordsaretheschoolinstructionofzhongshanuniversity.insideofthe"
standsahexagoncoppertabletonwhichdaijitao'
smother'
shandwritingofthe"
filialpiety"
isengraved.tothebell-shapedmausoleumthe"
isjustlikethependulum.itseemstoservetoalarmthewholenationbystrikingthebell.
Steppingonthesteps,wewillseeasoaringmemorialarchwaywithfourcolumns.thearchwaywasbuiltbetween1931and1933,12metershightand17.3metersinwidth.itismadeofhugegranitefromfujianprovince,butitsstructureisinchinesetraditionalwoodstructurestyle.now,lookupattheshiningwordsinscribedonthehorizontalboard.thewordinenglishmeanfraternity.theywerewrittenbydr.sunyat-sen.thewordaretakenfromatangdynastypoethanyu'
s"
fraternityishumanity"
.itissaidthatmr.sunverymuchlikedtowritethesetwowordstoothers.dr.sundevotedhiswholelifetobourgeoisdemocraticrevolutionwithgreatfraternityandstruggledforthenationalindependenceandfreedomfroscoresofyears.sowecansaythat"
fraternity"
isthebestgeneralizationofhislife.
Furtherfromthefraternityarchway,thereisaroadleadingtothemausoleum.theroadis480meterslonganddozensofmeterswide.thewholedesignofthemausoleumgivesprominencetochinesetraditionalstyle,grand,solemnandspecific.inordertoembodythegreatnessofmr.sun,themausoleumfollowedtheexampleofancientmausoleumsandwasbuiltagainstmountainsandthecoffinchamberwasplacedatthetopofthemountainthatis160metershigh.inaddition,theplantsofthemausoleumaresymmetric,whichmakeitfeelmoresolemn.now,pleaselookforwardtothenorth,alongthehillside,situatethemausoleumgate,thestelepavilion,thememorialhallandthecoffinchamberrightbehind.thepines,cypresses,ginkgoesandmaplesonthebothsidesoftheroadrepresentmr.sun'
srevolutionaryspiritandloftyquality.theytaketheplaceofstatuesandstonebeastswhichusuallyflankedthesacredroadinancienttimes.amongthetrees,cedarisoneofthe"
fourkindsoftreeforappreciation"
andhasbeenhonoredasthetreeofnanjingcity.thegrandarchwayattheendofthemausoleumroadistheformalbeginningofthemausoleumarea.itis16metershigh,2