The origin and evolution of earthWord下载.docx

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Thereareplentyoflivingcreaturesontheearth.Lowerplantsandhigherplants,loweranimalsandhigheranimalsliveonearthtogether.Prokaryoticlowfossilsismainlyseeninper-Paleozoicstrata.InPaleozoic,theorginismbeganexplosiveappearanceandthereweretallplantsandlargeanimalsintheMesozoic.DuringtheCenozoictherewerehigherbeings.

TherearealargenumberofcoalsinAntarctica.Coalwasformedbyplantsthroughthecoalgeology.TheenvironmentofAntarcticaisthesnowandice,itisimpossibletogrowalotofplant.

Therearemanytimesoftransgressionsandregressionsinthegeologyhistory.

Wheredidtheformationofearthcomefrom,inwhattimeandwhatposition.Whydoestheearthrotationandrevolution,andwhytheearthexistsactivitiesinitsinternal.

Howdidthelivesinearthform?

Acompletetheoryoftheoriginandevolutionofearthshallmakeareasonableexplanationforthosephenomenonandquestions.

1.Galaxy

1.1Galaxy

TheearthwiththeMilkyWay,thesolarsystem,andthemoonformedgalaxyrelations,underthecontrolofthegalacticcenterandthesun’sgravityaroundtherotation,theinfluenceofmoon’sgravity,turningaroundthecenterofmasstothemoonandearth.Byresearchinganddiscussingonoriginandevolutionoftheearth,itisnecessarytostudyandexplorethegalaxy.

1.1.1GalaxyandClassification

Intheuniverse,Galaxyformedbytwoormorethantwoplanetorbitingmovementcombination.

Therearetwoplanetsorbitingform:

oneisgalacticcentertype,thatmanytightplanetsrotatearoundthehugeheavycenterplanet.,suchasmanyplanetsandcometsorbitaroundthesun.TheotheriscalledCompaniongalaxytype,thattwoplanetsrotatearoundacommoncenterofmass.Suchastheearthandmoon,theyallrotatearoundthecenterofmassofearth-moonsystem.Mostgalaxiesbelongtotheformer.

Intheuniverse,therearemanygalaxies,theyhavedifferentsizesandmorphology,likeindependentgalaxies,agalaxiyofgalaxies,galaxiesthathavelinearmotionorcurvemovementaroundcentersome,theyounggalaxiesandtheoldone.

Inordertostudytheformationofagalaxy,weneedtoclassifygalaxiesintheuniverse.

TheHubblegalaxiesclassified:

AmericanastronomerHubbledividedgalaxiesintheuniverseintothreecategoriesaccordingtoitsshapeorstructuretypes:

（1）Ellipticalgalaxy

Ellipticalgalaxiesevolvedfromgalaxydevelopment.Fig1-1isagroupofphotosthatshowtheglobulargalaxydevelopingintotheellipticalgalaxy.

Fig1-1Photoofellipticalgalaxy

（2）Spiralgalaxy

Spiralgalaxyhasmanykindsofforminuniverse,butalsohasaprocessofevolution,whichisdevelopedfromtheirregularformtotheregularform.Fig1-2isanopenmodelofspiralgalaxiesintheUrsamajor,fig1-3isanintermediateconnectedthroughthecloudofthecompanionspiralgalaxyphoto.

Fig1-2spiralgalaxyfig1-3companiongalaxyfig1-4rodlikespiralgalaxy

（3）Irregulargalaxy

Fig1-4isaphotoofrodlikespiralgalaxy,irregulargalaxywoulddevelopintoregulargalaxy.

1.1.2Theclassificationofgalaxiesinthisissue

（1）Accordingtowhethertheyhavesubordinaterelationsbetweengalaxies

Wedividegalaxiesintotwopartintheuniverse--Independentgalaxiesandsubordinategalaxies.Somegalaxies,operatedindependentlyinspace,notrotatedaroundthecentralbody,arecalledindependentgalaxies,suchasMilkyWayGalaxy.Whereas,some,rotatedaroundthecentralbody,likesolarsystemrotatedaroundtheGalacticcenter,earth-moonsystemrotatedaroundsun,arecalledsubordinategalaxies.

（2）Accordingtowhethercentralstarrotate

Theyaredividedintonuclearrotatedgalaxiesandnuclearnonrotatedgalaxies.Intheuniverse,someindependentgalaxies’nucleararerotating,somenotrotating.Butsubordinategalaxies’nuclearareallrotating.

（3）Accordingtothepathofgalaxies

Theyaredividedintolinearmotiongalaxyandcurvedmotiongalaxy.Thoseindependentgalaxyledbycentralstarmoveinthedirectionofrayofthecentralstarformedintheuniverse.Somegalaxiesrotatedaroundcentralstarasacurvedline.

（4）Accordingtothespatialpositionofgalaxies

Theyaredividedintointernalgalaxyanduniversalgalaxy.Thosewhomoveinthegalaxyarecalledinternalgalaxy,likesolarsystem.Thosewhomoveindependentlyintheuniversespacearecalleduniversalgalaxy,likeMilkyWayGalaxy.

（5）Accordingtotheageofgalaxies

Theyaredividedintooldgalaxyandyounggalaxy.Thosewhohaveformedforalongtimearecalledoldgalaxyintheuniverse.Theyhavealmostevolvedintoregulargalaxy.Thosewhoformedjustforalittletimearecalledyounggalaxy,whosestateareirregular.

（6）Accordingtotherelationbetweenthestarsinthegalaxy

Theyaredividedintocentralgalaxyandcompaniongalaxy.Thosemuchofsmallstarsrotatearoundheavystararecalledcentralgalaxy,suchassolarsystemandMilkyWaygalaxy.Thatheavystariscentralstarormainstar.Twostarseachrotatedaroundthecenterofgalaxiescalledcompaniongalaxies,suchasearth-moonsystem.

1.2Solarsystem

Solarsystemismadeupofplanets,cometsandothercelestialbodiesorbitingaroundthecenterofthesunplanetmovementcombination.

Inthesolarsystem,ithasinternalsystem,suchasplanetsandmoonsofplanetarysystems,satelliteanditsrotationaroundthesonofsatellitessystem,andsoon.Solarsystemisthecenterofanold,rules,ellipticalgalaxies.

Somecharacteristicofsolarsystem

（1）Thepathshapeofstar

Theshapeofplanetsorbitaroundthesun:

nearlycircular,elliptic,parabolicanddoublecurvedshape.Inthesolarsystem,mercury,Venus,earth,Mars,etc.,andtheirshapetosuborbicular,orbitaroundthesunandtheperipheryoftheotherplanetsorbitiselliptical.Thesolarsystemcometsorbitforelliptic,parabolicanddoublecurvedshape,figure1-5isasolarsystemmodel,figure1-6isacometorbitaldiagram.

Fig1-5solarsystemmodel

Fig1-6cometorbitaldiagram.

（2）Planetrevolutiondirectionalcharacteristics

Thosenineplanetsorbitingthesunhadtoorbitcounterclockwise,whileothercometssuchasHalley'

scometisclockwisearoundthesun.

（3）Planetrotationdirectioncharacteristics

Venusrotationisclockwise,itsrotationanditsrevolutionareintheoppositedirection.Andothereightplanetsareforcounterclockwiserotationthesameasthoserevolutiondirection.

（4）Starsdistributioncharacteristics

Thenineplanetsofthesolarsystemrevolutionplaneisnearthebothsideofequatorplaneofsun,andtherevolutionsurfaceofacometdistributeonallthelatitudeofthesunfromthepolestotheequator.Figure1-7iscometsorbitinclinationthatthedistributionofdifferentlatitudearoundthesun.

Fig1-7distributionofcometaroundsun

（5）Planetmotioncharacteristics

Theearthistiltedrotationintheorbit,Uranusislyingdownrotationintheorbit,severalotherplanetsinorbitrotateforverticalorinclinedstate.

（6）Characteristicsofstarsinoursolarsystem

Thefivecharacteristicsofcometandplanetrotatedaroundsolarsystems,aresimilartothoseplanetarysystemformedbytheplanetsrotatedbysatellites.

1.3Simulationexperiment

Asolarsystemorigintheoryorhypothesiscanexplainnotonlythecharacteristicsofthesolarsystem,butalsothecharacteristicsofthegalaxyandothergalaxies.

Inordertostudytheoriginofthesolarsystemandexplainsthecharacteristicsofthesolarsystem,weuseamagnetandasmallmetalballtodothefollowingtest:

1.3.1TestOne

Asmallmetalballishangingmotionlessintheair.Thehangingmagnetpieceisinthesameplanewiththesmallmetalball,whichisinthewestofmetalball,movingfromnorthtosouthdirection.Seefromfig1-8.

Fig1-8Magnetpiecemovementfromthewestsideofironball

Theresultsoftestareshownasthefollow（seefig1-9）

Whenbothareataappropriatemovementdistance,ifmagnetpiecemoveslowly,themetalballwouldbeattractedwhilemagnetpieceisclosetothemetalball（fig1-9A）.Whenmagnetpiecemoveasanappropriatevelocity,themetalballwouldrotatearoundthemagnetpieceinacirclepath（fig1-9B）.Whenthemagnetpiecemovewithahighvelocityfromthesideofsmallmetalball,theballwouldmovewithaparabolaorahyperbolapath（fig1-9C）.ThemetalballalsohastherotationdirectionEinfig.

Fig1-9theresultsoftestone

1.3.2TestTwo

Besimilartothetestone,thedifferenceismakingthemagnetpiecemovefromsouthtothenorthintheeastofmetalball.Seefromfig1-10.

Fig1-10magnetpiecemoveintheeastofmetalball

Theresultsoftest:

Thedirectionofrevolutionandrotationarecompletelyinversion.

1.3.3TestThree

Besimilartothetestone,but,letthemetalballrotateindirectionF,thenmagnetpiecemov