物理化学答案上册高教第五版Answer on physical chemistry of higher educationFifth EditionWord文件下载.docx
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Solution:
fromthequestiontothecondition,
(1)thetotalmassofthesystemisconstant;
(2)thepressureremainsthesameinthetwoball.
Standardstate:
Therefore,
Asfigure1.9shows,thecontainerareapartition,bothsidesareatthesamepressureofhydrogenandnitrogen,twoareregardedasideal
Gas.
Page
(1)whenthetemperatureinthecontaineriskeptconstant,theseparatorisremovedandthevolumeofthebarrieritselfisnegligible
Seekthepressureoftwogasesmixed.
(2)isthemolarvolumeofH2andN2equalbeforeandaftertheseparationoftheseparator?
(3)aftertheseparationoftheseparator,thepartialpressureofH2andN2inthemixturegasandthevolumeoftheirrespectivepartsareseveral
(1)afterisothermalmixing
Thatis,undertheaboveconditions,themixingpressureofthesystemisconsidered
.
(2)howisthemolarvolumeofacomponentinamixedgasdefined?
(3)accordingtothedefinitionofvolume
Forpartialpressure
1.11atmosphericpressureairinaautoclaveatroomtemperatureforsafetyduringtheexperimentandtheuseofpurenitrogenatthesametemperature
Thestepsareasfollows:
nitrogenissenttothekettleuntilitis4timesashighastheair,andthenthemixturegasisdischargedfromthetankuntilitisrecovered
Compoundatmosphericpressure.Repeatthreetimes.Themolefractionofoxygencontainedinthegasisobtainedwhenthefinalexhaustgasreachesthenormalatmosphericpressure.
Analysis:
everytimeafterthenitrogengas,thegasreturnedtotheatmosphericpressureP,andthemolefractionofthemixedgasremainedunchanged.
Beforethefirstchargeofnitrogen,themolefractionofoxygeninthesystemis
Afternitrogen,themolefractionofoxygeninthesystem
by
Then,
.Repeattheprocessabove,n
Aftersecondarynitrogen,themolefractionofthesystemis
therefore
1.13thereare0degreesC,40.530kPaN2gas,usingidealgasequationofstateandvan,der,Waalsequationcalculation
Itsmolarvolume.Theexperimentalvalueis
theequationofstateofidealgasisused
Usingvan,der,andWaalscalculations,look-uptablesareknownforN2gas(Appendixseven)
MatLabfzerofunctionisusedtoobtainthesolutionoftheequation
Directiterationcanalsobeused,
Takeinitialvalue
Iteratetentimes
At1.1625degreesC,saturatedacetylenegassaturatedwithwater(i.e.,thepartialpressureofthesteaminthemixtureissaturatedatthesametemperature)
Andvaporpressure)thetotalpressureis138.7kPaandiscooledto10DEGCatconstanttotalpressure,whichcondensessomeofthewatervaporintowater.Trytoseekfor
Theamountofmaterialthatcondensesinthecoolingprocessofeachmoleofdryacetylenegas.Saturatedvaporofwaterat25Cand10degreesC
Thepressuresare3.17kPaand1.23kPa,respectively.
theprocessisillustratedasfollows
Ifthesystemisanidealgasmixture,then
1.17atightlypackedrigidcontainerfilledwithairandwithasmallamountofwater.Butcontainersareingreatbalanceat300Kconditions,containers
Theinternalpressureis101.325kPa.Ifthecontainerismovedtoboilingwaterof373.15K,trytoachieveanewequilibriuminthecontainer
Somepressure.Thereisalwayswaterinthecontainer,andanyvolumechangeofwatercanbeneglected.300Kthesaturatedvaporpressureofwater
For3.567kPa.
whengasphaseisregardedasidealgas,at300K,thepartialpressureofairis
Asthevolumeisconstant(ignoringanychangeinvolumeofwater),thepartialpressureoftheairat373.15Kis
Sincethereisalwayswaterpresentinthecontainer,thesaturatedvaporpressureofwaterat373.15Kis101.325kPa
Thepartialpressureofwatervaporis101.325kPa,sothetotalpressureofthesystem
Thesecondchapteristhefirstlawofthermodynamics
2.5theinitialstateis25~C,200kPa,5molofanidealgas,bywayofa,Btwodifferentwaystothesamefinal.
Bywayofa,theadiabaticexpansionto-28.47degreesC,100kPa,thestepsofthework
Theconstantvolumeheatsuptothepressure
200kPathefinalstepofheat
.PathwayBisaconstantpressureheatingprocess.SeekingwaysofB
and
firstdeterminetheinitialandfinalsystem
ForthewayB,hisworkis
Accordingtothefirstlawofthermodynamics
2.64molofanidealgas,thetemperatureincreasedby20degreesC
Value.
accordingtothedefinitionofenthalpy
2.102molanidealgas,
Theinitialstateis100kPa,50DM
Three
Theconstantvolumeheatingincreasesthevolumeofpressure
Aslargeas150DM
Constantpressurecoolingreducedthevolumeto25DM
.Seekingthewholeprocess
Because
Yes,idealgas
It'
sjustafunctionoftemperature
Theapproachinvolvesonlyconstantvolumeandconstantpressureprocesses,soitisconvenienttocalculatethework
The2.13known20DEGCliquidethanol(C2H5OH,l)oftheexpansioncoefficient
Density
Molarheatcapacityatconstantpressure
.Seek20DEGC,liquidethanol
thesecondlawofthermodynamicscanprovethattherelationshipbetweenconstantpressuremolarheatcapacityandconstantvolumemolarheatcapacityisasfollows
2.14volumeis27m
Asmallheatingelementisarrangedintheinsulatingcontainer,andasmallholeiscommunicatedwiththeatmosphereofthe100kPa,
Tomaintainconstantairpressureinthevessel.Theheatingdeviceisusedtoheattheairintheapparatusfrom0DEGCto20DEGC
Howmuchheatisgiventotheairinthecontainer?
.Knownair
Iftheairisanidealgas,thetemperatureoftheairinthecontainerwillbeuniformduringheating.
inthisproblem,thepressureoftheairinthecontainerisconstant,butthemassofthematerialvarieswiththetemperature
Note:
cannotbeappliedintheabovequestions
Althoughthevolumeofthecontainerisconstant.Thisisbecause,from
Theairoutoftheholewilldotheworktotheenvironment.Theworkdoneisasfollows:
WhenthetemperatureisT,thesystemtemperatureisincreasedbydT,andthemassoftheairdischargedfromthecontaineris
Workdone
That'
sexactlywhatit'
sworth
Thedifferenceinheatcalculated.
2.15volumeis0.1M
Aninsulatingpartitionboardisarrangedintheconstantvolumeclosedcontainer,whereinthesidesarerespectively0DEGC,4molAr(g)and
150degreesC,2molCu(s).Thepartitionremoved,thesystemreachesheatbalance,temperatureandprocessforfinalt
Known:
molarheatcapacityatconstantpressureofAr(g)andCu(s)
Respectivelyas
Andassumethattheydonotchangewithtemperature.
Hereisthediagrambelow
Itisassumedthattheinsulationwallisinclosecontactwiththecopperblock,andthevolumeofcopperblockvarieswithtemperature
Theprocesscanbeviewedasaconstantvolumeprocess,therefore
Itisassumedthatgascanberegardedasanidealgas,
Thetemperatureofthewatergasattheoutletofthe2.16watergasproduceris1100degreesC,andthemolefractionsofCO(g)andH2(g)are0.5.
If300kgofwatergasiscooledfrom1100Cto100Cperhour,andheatedbytherecoveredheat,thewatertemperatureiscausedby
25degreesCriseto75degreesC.Seekthequalityofhotwaterproducedperhour.MolarconstantheatcapacityofCO(g)andH2(g)
Temperature
Functionrelations,book,appendix,water
Specificheatcapacityatconstantpressure
Interpretation:
themassfractionofCO(g)andH2(g)in300kgwatergasisrespectively
300kgofwatergasfrom1100degreesCto100degreesCcoolingheat
Thequalityofproducinghotwaterism
2.18monatomicidealgasAinamixtureofdiatomicidealgasB,atotalof5mol,molefraction
Initialstate
temperature
Pressure
.Themixtureisinsulatedagainstconstantexternalpressure
Expandto
Equilibriumstate.Forthefinaltemperature
Andprocess
becauseoftheadiabaticprocess,thechangeofthermodynamicenergyinprocessisequaltotheformofworkbetweenthesystemandenvironment
Theenergyexchangedbythepotential.Therefore,
Monatomicmolecule
Diatomicmolecule
Sincetheidealgases,UandH,areonlyfunctionsoftemperature,so
2.19thereisaninsulatingpartitionintheinsulatedcontainerofthepistoninthevicinity.Thesidesofthebulkheadare2moland0Crespectively
GasAand5mol,100degreesCdiatomicidealgasB,twogaspressureis100kPa.Pressuredimensionoutsidethepiston
Remainunchangedat100kPa.Thiswillberemovedfromthecontainerplate,thetwokindsofgasmixturetoreachanequilibriumstate.ThetemperatureforthefinalandT
Procedural
Itisassumedthattheinsulationpartitionplateisreplacedbyaheatconductionbaffle