现在完成时Word文档格式.docx
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Hehasalreadygotherhelp. 他已得到她的帮助。
Hehasjustseenthefilm. 他刚刚看过这场电影。
Hehasn'
tcomebackyet. 他还没有回来。
*以ever和never为标志
ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.
这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
HehasneverbeentoBeijing. 他从没有到过北京。
*以动作发生的次数为标志
HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.
他说他已经去过美国三次了。
*以sofar(到目前为止)和before为标志
HehasgottoBeijingsofar. 到目前为止他已到了北京。
Shehaspassedtheexamsofar. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
*upto[until]now(到现在为止)为标志
Uptonow,theworkhasbeeneasy.
*in[for,during]thepast[last]…years(在过去…年中):
InthepasttwoyearsI’veseenhimlittle.过去两年我很少见到他。
Ihavebeenhere(for)thelast[past]month.最近一个月里我都在这儿。
*It’sthefirst(second,third...)timethat+现在完成时
It’sthefristtimeIhavecomehere.
四.用法
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果;
Ihavespentallofmymoney(含义是:
现在我没有钱花了.)
GuoZijunhascome.(含义是:
郭子君现在在这儿)
Myfatherhasgonetowork.(含义是:
我爸爸现在不在这儿)
(2)表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在;
been
结构:
have/has+for/since+时间段
延续性动词
①for+时段
Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.
②since+过去一个时间点,自从……以来
Ihavelivedheresince1998.
③since+时段+ago
Hehasbeenheresincethreeyearsago.
④since+从句(过去时)
Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehejoinedthearmy.
注意:
✧Itis+时段+since+从句(过去时)表示时间长度通常用一般现在时代替将来时;
It’sfiveyearssincehelefthere.
✧瞬间动词(buy,die,join,come,go,leave,join……)不能直接与forsince连用,要改变动词。
buy----haveborrow-----keep
come/arrive/reach/getto-----beindie----bedead
goout----beoutleave----beaway
begin-----beonfinish----beover
open----beopenclose-----beclosed
五.hasgone(to),hasbeen(to),hasbeen(in)的区别
✧Have/Hasgone(to):
去了(现在不在说话现场)
Whereisyourfather?
HehasgonetoShanghai.
✧Have/Hasbeen(to):
去过(已不在去过的地方)
MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai.
✧Have/hasbeenin:
呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)
MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths.
6.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
✧现在完成时侧重于过去的动作对现在的影响;
而一般过去时只表示过去的动作,与现在无关。
Ihavealreadycleanedtheclassroom.
Icleanedtheclassroomyesterday.
✧现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago,justnow,in1999等;
Myfatherwasbornin1969.
✧不能与when连用;
Iwasreadingthenewspaperwhenhecamein.
一、单项选择。
1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'
shappenedtohim.(呼和浩特)
A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow
2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?
A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still
3、HaveyoumetMrLi______?
A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago
4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.
A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten
5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.
—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.
A.haschanged;
wellB.changed;
good
C.haschanged;
betterD.changed;
better
6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.
A.was;
studyingB.will;
study
C.has;
studiedD.are;
studying
7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.
A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew
8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.
A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see
9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.
—Really?
When_____there?
A.willtheygoB.didtheygo
C.dotheygoD.havetheygone
10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?
—Yes.I_____itamomentago.
A.Did;
do;
finishedB.Have;
done;
finished
C.Have;
havefinishedD.will;
finish
11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.
A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin
12、—Doyouknowhimwell?
—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.
A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade
13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?
—Abouttwomonths.
A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived
14、Hurryup!
Theplay__________fortenminutes.
A.hasbegunB.hadbegun
C.hasbeenonD.began
15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.
A.isB.hasC.willD.was
16、MissGreenisn'
tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.
A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen
17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.
A.havebeeninB.havebeento
C.havegonetoD.havebeen
18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,______?
A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey
19______hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?
A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,got
C.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived
20、Hisuncle____formorethan9years.
A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtowork
C.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity
二、句型转换。
1、Hehasneversurfed,____________?
(改成反意疑问句)
2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)
___________ theybeenhere?
3、Theoldman_________lastyear.
He____forayear.(die)(动词填空)
4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)
Thisfactory________fortwentyyears.
5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)
MissGao_______________________________anhourago.
6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.(同义句)
Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.
7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同义句转换)
_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.
8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)
___________________________________________
三、汉译英。
1、吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了。
2、他昨天收到一封信。
3、我父亲以前到过长城。
4、她还没有看过那部新电影。
5、她去过上海。
6、他这些天上哪儿去了?
附表1:
非延续性动词在完成时态中的变化
★1、have代替buy
Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.
★2、用keep或have代替borrow
Ihavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.
★3、用be替代become
Howlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?
★4、用haveacold代替catchacold
Tomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.
★5、用wear代替puton
★6、用“be+形容词”代终止性动词
1、be+married代marry
2、be+ill代fall(get)ill
3、be+dead代die
4、be+asleep代fall(get)asleep
5、be+awake代wake/wakeup
6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be+open代open
8、beclosed代close/shut
9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose
★7、用“be+副词”代终止性动词
1“be+on”代start,begin
2“be+up”代getup
3“be+back(to)”代returnto,comebackto,gobackto
4“behere(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go(arrive,reach,get)there等等
★8、用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“bein/at+地点”代替goto/cometo
2.用beinthearmy代替jointhearmy
3.“bein/at+地点”代替moveto
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:
1.havearrivedat/in....gotto/reached...come/gone/movedto...
→havebeenin.../at…相应的介词
2.havecome/goneback/returned→havebeenback
3.havecome/goneout→havebeenout
4.havebecome→havebeen
5.haveclosed/opened→havebeenclose/open
6.havegotup→havebeenup;
7.havedied→havebeendead;
8.haveleft....→havebeenawayfrom....
9.havefallenasleep/gottosleep→havebeenasleep;
10.havefinished/ended/completed→havebeenover;
11.havemarried→havebeenmarried;
12.havestarted/beguntodosth.→havedonesth.;
13.havebegun→havebeenon
14.haveborrowed/bought→havekept/had
15.havelost→haven’thad
16.haveputon→haveworn
17.havecaught/getacold→havehadacold;
18.havegottoknow→haveknown
19.have/hasgoneto→havebeenin
20.havejoined/havetakenpartintheleague/theParty/thearmy
→havebeenamemberof/havebeenin/havebeentheParty’smember/theleaguemember/thesoldier…
附表二:
动词过去分词不规则变化
AAA型
原型过去式过去分词
burstburstburst
hurthurthurt
letletlet
castcastcast
costcostcost
cutcutcut
hithithit
putputput
setsetset
shutshutshut
spreadspreadspread
readreadread
AAB型
beatbeatbeaten
ABA型
becomebecamebecome
runranrun
comecamecome
ABB型
bringbroughtbrought
buyboughtbought
buildbuiltbuilt
burnburntburnt
catchcaughtcaught
digdugdug
feelfeltfelt
fightfoughtfought
findfoundfound
hearheardheard
holdheldheld
keepkeptkept
laylaidlaid
leadledled
loselostlost
makemademade
meetmetmet
sellsoldsold
shootshotshot
sitsatsat
standstoodstood
sweepsweptswept
teachtaughttaught
telltoldtold
thinkthoughtthought
winwonwon
ABC型
beginbeganbegun
blowblewblown
breakbrokebroken
choosechosechosen
drawdrewdrawn
drivedrovedriven
drinkdrankdrunk
flyflewflown
forgiveforgaveforgiven
forgetforgotforgotten
freezefrozefrozen
givegavegiven
growgrewgrown
knowknewknown
rideroderidden
riseroserisen
ringrangrung
shakeshookshaken
singsangsung
sinksanksunk
swimswamswum
throwthrewthrown
writewrotewritten