译林版必修一Unit 3Section Ⅲ Grammar由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句.docx
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译林版必修一Unit3SectionⅢGrammar由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
SectionⅢ Grammar——由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
①Arealfriendissomeonewhowalksinwhentherestoftheworldwalksout.
②Socialmedialikeblogshascomebetweenusandthefriendswhomwelove.
③Arealfriendissomeonewhoseesourtrueself,notjustthefacethatweshowtotheworld.
④Yetthesedays,themoderntoolsthatkeepusconnectedareeatingawayatthemeaningoffriendship.
⑤Arealfriendissomeonewhosesupportwecancounton.
⑥TheclubwhosemembersaremusicfansmeetintheschoolgardeneverySaturday.
⑦“Sharing”ourexperiencesonsocialmediaisnotenoughtoexpressthevalueswhichmattermosttous.
⑧“Liking”ourfriend’sphotosonlinedoesnotdeveloptheconnectionwhichweshare.
【自主发现】
1.句①、③中的定语从句中使用了关系代词who,在定语从句中作主语。
2.句②中的定语从句使用了关系代词whom,在定语从句中作宾语。
此时,可用who替换。
3.句③、④中的定语从句使用了关系代词that,在定语从句中作主语(句④)和宾语(句③)。
4.句⑤、⑥中的定语从句使用了关系代词whose,在定语从句中作定语;关系代词whose既可以指人也可以指物。
5.句⑦、⑧中的定语从句使用了关系代词which,在定语从句中作主语(句⑦)和宾语(句⑧)。
6.从上面八个句子可以看出,关系代词who常用来指代人;关系代词which常用来指代事物;关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物;关系代词whom只能用来表示人的宾格;关系代词whose用来表示人或物的所有格。
一、定语从句的定义
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、关系代词的基本用法
1.that的用法
that既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时常可省略。
Thechildrenthatareinjuredinthecaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.
在车祸中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。
Thereisafilm(that)I’dliketosee.
有一部我想去看的电影。
2.which的用法
which指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时常可省略。
Guilinisacitywhichhasahistoryof2,000years.
桂林是座有2000年历史的城市。
Thisisthehotel(which)IstayedatwhenIwastravellinghere.
这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。
3.who的用法
who指人,在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。
Themanwhoistalkingwithmyfatherisapoliceman.
正在与我父亲谈话的那个人是警察。
Theprofessor(who)youwishtoseehasgoneabroad.
你希望见的那位教授出国了。
4.whom的用法
whom指人,在从句中作宾语,有时也可用who代替。
Thewomanwhom/whoyousawjustnowisourEnglishteacher.
你刚才看见的那位女士是我们的英语老师。
5.whose的用法
(1)whose既可指人也可指物,在从句中修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。
Thisisthewomanscientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.
这就是那位闻名全国的女科学家。
Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.
他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。
(2)“whose+名词”可以转化为“the+名词+ofwhich/whom”,因为在此结构中whose作前置定语,可以转化为介词短语ofwhich/whom作后置定语。
Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.
→Thisisthescientistthenameofwhomisknownalloverthecountry.
Helivesinahousewhosedoorisbroken.
→Helivesinahousethedoorofwhichisbroken.
(1)用适当的关系代词填空
①Theboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalledTom.
②Thisisthebuildingwhosewindowswereallpaintedgreen.
③Theauthorwhom/who/thatyoucriticizedinyourreviewhaswrittenareply.
④Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisgreen.
(2)用定语从句合并句子
⑤I’dliketotakecareofthechild.Hermotherdiedrecently.
→I’dliketotakecareofthechildwhose__mother__diedrecently.
⑥Thewomanismymother.Youarelookingafterher.
→Thewomanthat/who/whom__you__are__looking__afterismymother.
⑦LastweekMaryworethedress.Igaveittoher.
→LastweekMaryworethedressthat/which__I__gave__to__her.
三、特殊用法
当先行词是way且它在定语从句中作方式状语时,它后面定语从句的相应关系词用that或inwhich或省略关系词。
Theway(that/inwhich)youlookattheproblemiswrong.
你看待问题的方式是错误的。
单句语法填空
①Treatothersinthewaythat__/in__which/不填youwanttobetreated.
②Thereasonwhy/for__whichhedidn’tcomewasthathewasill.
四、关系代词指物时只用that不用which的情况
在限制性定语从句中,关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况:
1.当先行词是all,little,few,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时。
Theoldmantriedtowritedownallthathehadgonethroughinhislife.
这位老人尽力把他平生经历的事情都写下来。
Canyougivemeanythingthathasnosugarinside?
能不能给我点儿里面没有糖的东西?
2.当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
Thisisthefirsttwo-storeybusthatrunsinourcity.
这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。
GuilinisthemostbeautifulcitythatIhaveevervisited.
桂林是我游览过的最美丽的城市。
3.当先行词被theonly,thevery,theright等修饰时。
Thisistheveryscarfthatmotherhasbeenlookingfor.
这就是妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。
4.当先行词既有人又有物时。
CanyoutellmethepeopleandeventsthatyousawinBritain?
你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗?
用适当的关系代词填空
①Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.
②ThemostinterestingbookthatIwanttoreadisHowl’smovingcastle.
③Themostimportantthingthatweshouldconsideristhefirstideathathehasmentionedinhisspeech.
④Womenwho/thatdrinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthosewhodon’t.
⑤Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthat/whichwevisitedthreemonthsago?
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Themanwho/thatistalkingwithmyfatherisapainter.
2.Theprofessorwho/that/whomyoutalkedaboutyesterdayhasbeenstudyingintheUS.
3.WhenthegirlstudiedinEngland,shelivedwithahostfamilywhosemembersalwayshelpedher.
4.Iwasamazedatthenumberofpeoplewho/thatvisitedtheForbiddenCityonSaturday.
5.Themanistalkingabouttheteachersandthingsthatencouragedhimgreatlyinschool.
6.TheInternationalRedCrossisa