大学英语四级考试试题Word文档格式.docx

大学英语四级考试试题Word文档格式.docx

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"

Peopleassumethatofficepoliticsinvolvessomemanipulative（工于心计的）behavior,"

saysDeborahComer,anassistantprofessorofmanagementatHofstraUniversity."

Butpoliticsderivesfromtheword'

polite'

.Itcanmeanlobbyingandformingassociations.Itcanmeanbeingkindandhelpful,oreventrying,topleaseyoursuperior,andthenexpectingsomethinginreturn."

Infact,today,expertsdefineofficepoliticsasproperbehaviorusedtopursueone'

sownself-interestintheworkplace.Inmanycases,thisinvolvessomeformofsocializingwithintheofficeenvironment-notjustinlargecompanies,butinsmallworkplacesaswell.

Thefirstthingpeopleareusuallyjudgedonistheirabilitytoperformwellonaconsistentbasis,"

saysNeilP.Lewis,amanagementpsychologist."

Butiftwoorthreecandidatesareupforapromotion,eachofwhomhasreasonablysimilarability,amanagerisgoingtopromotethepersonheorshelikesbest.It'

ssimplehumannature."

Yet,psychologistssay,manyemployeesandemployershavetroublewiththeconceptofpoliticsintheoffice.Somepeople,theysay,haveanidealisticvisionofworkandwhatittakestosucceed.Stillothersassociatepoliticswithflattery奉承）,fearfulthat,iftheyspeakupforthemselves,theymayappeartobeflatteringtheirbossforfavors.

Expertssuggestalteringthisnegativepicturebyrecognizingtheneedforsomeself-promotion. 

11."

Officepolitics"

（Line2,Para.4）isusedinthepassagetoreferto________.

A）thecodeofbehaviorforcompanystaff

B）thepoliticalviewsandbeliefsofofficeworkers

C）theinterpersonalrelationshipswithinacompany

D）thevariousqualitiesrequiredforasuccessfulcareer

12.Togetpromoted,onemustnotonlybecompetentbut_____.

A）givehisbossagoodimpression

B）honestandloyaltohiscompany

C）getalongwellwithhiscolleagues

D）avoidbeingtoooutstanding

13.Whyaremanypeopleunwillingto"

playthegame"

（Line4,Para.5）?

A）Theybelievethatdoingsoisimpractical.

B）Theyfeelthatsuchbehaviorisunprincipled.

C）Theyarenotgoodatmanipulatingcolleagues.

D）Theythinktheeffortwillgetthemnowhere.

14.Theauthorconsidersofficepoeticstobe______.

A）unwelcomeattheworkplace

B）badforinterpersonalrelationships

C）indispensabletothedevelopmentofcompanyculture

D）animportantfactorforpersonaladvancement

15.Itistheauthor'

sviewthat______.

A）speakingupforoneselfispartofhumannature

B）self-promotiondoesnotnecessarilymeanflattery

C）hardworkcontributesVerylittletoone'

spromotion

D）manyemployeesfailtorecognizetheneedofflattery

PassageTwo

AssoonasitwasrevealedthatareporterforProgressivemagazinehaddiscoveredhowtomakeahydrogenbomb,agroupoffirearm（火器）fansformedtheNationalHydrogenBombAssociation,andtheyarenowlobbyingagainstanylegislationtostopAmericansfromowningone.

TheConstitution,"

saidtheassociation'

sspokesman,"

giveseveryonetherighttoownarms.Itdoesn'

tspelloutwhatkindofarms.Butsinceanyonecannowmakeahydrogenbomb,thepublicshouldbeabletobuyittoprotectthemselves."

Don'

tyouthinkit'

sdangeroustohaveoneinthehouse,particularlywheretherearechildrenaround?

TheNationalHydrogenBombAssociationhopestoeducatepeopleinthesafehandlingofthistypeofweapon.Weareinstructingownerstokeepthebombinalockedcabinetandthefuse（导火索）separatelyinadrawer."

Somepeopleconsiderthehydrogenbombaveryfatalweaponwhichcouldkillsomebody."

Thespokesmansaid,"

Hydrogenbombsdon'

tkillpeople-peoplekillpeople.Thebombisforself-protectionanditalsohasadeterrenteffect.Ifsomebodyknowsyouhaveanuclearweaponinyourhouse,they'

regoingtothinktwiceaboutbreakingin."

ButthosewhowanttobanthebombforAmericancitizensclaimthatifyouhaveonelockedinthecabinet,withthefuseinadrawer,youwouldneverbeabletoassembleitintimetostopanintruder（侵入者）"

"

Anotherargumentagainstallowingpeopletoownabombisthatatthemomentitisveryexpensivetobuildone.Sowhatyourassociationisbackingisaprogramwhichwouldallowthemiddleandupperclassestoacquireabombwhilepoorpeoplewillbeleftdefenselesswithjusthandguns."

16.Accordingtothepassage,somepeoplestartedanationalassociationsoasto_______.

A）blockanylegislationtobantheprivatepossessionofthebomb

B）coordinatethemassproductionofthedestructiveweapon

C）instructpeoplehowtokeepthebombsafeathome

D）promotethelarge-scalesaleofthisnewlyinventedweapon

17.SomepeopleopposetheownershipofH-bombsbyindividualsonthegroundsthat_______.

A）thesizeofthebombmakesitdifficulttokeepinadrawer

B）mostpeopledon'

tknowhowtohandletheweapon

C）people'

sliveswillbethreatenedbytheweapon

D）theymayfallintothehandsofcriminals

18.Bysayingthatthebombalsohasadeterrenteffectthespokesmanmeansthatit_______.

A）willfrightenawayanypossibleintruders

B）canshowthespecialstatusofitsowners

C）willthreatenthesafetyoftheownersaswell

D）cankillthoseenteringothers'

housesbyforce

19.Accordingtothepassage,opponentsoftheprivateownershipofH-bombsareverymuchworriedthat_____.

A）theinfluenceoftheassociationistoopowerfulforthelessprivilegedtoovercome

B）poorly-educatedAmericanswillfinditdifficulttomakeuseoftheweapon

C）thewideuseoftheweaponwillpushuplivingexpensestremendously

D）thecostoftheweaponwillputcitizensonanunequalbasis

20.Fromthetoneofthepassageweknowthattheauthoris_________.

A）doubtfulaboutthenecessityofkeepingH-bombsathomeforsafety

B）unhappywiththosewhovoteagainsttheownershipofH-bombs

C）notseriousabouttheprivateownershipofH-bombs

D）concernedaboutthespreadofnuclearweapons

PassageThree

Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique-aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy:

whetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornwith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld'

sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.

WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingodd:

amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.

Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage（ASL）wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish（混杂英语）.ButStokoebelievedthe"

handtalk"

hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:

Mightdeafpeopleactuallyhaveagenuinelanguage?

AndcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth?

Itwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningas"

substandard"

.Stokoe'

sideawasacademicheresy（异端邪说）.

Itis37yearslater.Stokoe-nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture-ishavinglunchatacafeneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theyassumedlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation（调节）ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace."

WhatIsaid,"

Stokoeexplains,"

isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff-it'

sbrainstuff."

21.Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe______.

A）anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguage

B）achallengetotraditionalviewsonthenatureoflanguage

C）anapproachtosimplifyingthegrammaticalstructureofalanguage

D）anattempttoclarifymisunderstandingabouttheoriginoflanguage

22.Thepresentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewasstimulatedby______.

A）afamousScholarinthestudyofthehumanbrain

B）aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalarts

C）anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeaf

D）someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage________.

23.AccordingtoStokoe,signlanguageis

A）asubstandardlanguageC）anartificiallanguage

B）agenuinelanguageD）aninternationallanguage

24.MosteducatorsobjectedtoStokoe'

sideabecausetheythought_______.

A）signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeople

B）signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyaccepted

C）alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstand

D）alanguagecouldonlyexistintheformofspeechsounds

25.Stokoe