Differences of Family Education Between China and the United States文档格式.docx

Differences of Family Education Between China and the United States文档格式.docx

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theUnitedStates;

China

摘要

当今社会需要全能的人才，家庭教育起着很重要的作用。

儿童是一个国家的希望，家庭教育是儿童教育的基础。

近年来，我们的教育出了很多严重的问题。

几乎每一个人都认识到了解决这些问题的重要性，并提出了很多有价值的见解。

世界上有很多类型的家庭教育，并且各自都有其鲜明和独特的特点，反映了其独特的文化。

而这些类型的家庭教育中，尤其以美国的家庭教育最能代表西方主流文化。

中美家庭教育在育儿观、教育方式和教育结果方面都有所不同。

本文将从这三方面来对比中美家庭教育，重点分析两种教育方式在培养孩子的独立性、兴趣、创造力、心理健康、名利观以及与父母关系方面的差异。

通过比较中美家庭教育，作者希望能找到一种比较科学优良的家庭教育方式，进而为我们的家庭教育提供有利的帮助。

关键词：

差异；

家庭教育；

中国；

美国

TableofContents

1Introduction1

1.1Definitionoffamilyeducation1

1.2Importanceoffamilyeducation1

2Differentkindsoffamilyeducation3

2.1Differencesofthewayofcultivation3

2.1.1.Thecultivationofchildren’sindependence3

2.1.3Differencesinthecultivationofchildren’sinterests4

2.1.3.Differencesinthecultivationofchildren’screativity5

2.1.4Differencesinthecultivationofchildren’srelationshipwithparents6

2.2Differencesoftheeducationconcept7

2.3Differencesoftheaims7

2.4Differencesofthecontents8

3Influentialfactorsonthedifferencesmentionedabove10

3.1Thedifferenthistorybackgrounds10

3.2Thedifferenttraditionalcultures10

3.3Thedifferentconceptsofvalue10

3.4Thedifferenteconomicpatterns11

3.5Thedifferentsocialconditions12

4Conclusion13

4.1Somecommonphenomenaoffamilyeducation.13

4.1.1Utopianexpectationofchildren’seducation13

4.1.2Indulgenttypeoffamilyeducation13

4.1.3Changeabletypeoffamilyeducation13

4.1.4Bringingupbyeldergenerationshowmoredisadvantages13

4.2Mainproblemsintoday’sAmericanfamilyeducation14

4.2.1Indulgenttypeoffamilyeducation14

4.2.2Lackofcommunication14

4.2.3Paytoomuchattentiononhappylearning14

4.3Discussionsandsuggestions14

References16

Acknowledgements17

1Introduction

Enteringtwenty-firstcentury,asoneofthehottestspot,familyeducationisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinpeople’slife.Family,asthecellofsociety,isthefirstplacethatchildrenreceiveeducationandthefirstunitthatthechildrengetintouchwiththesociety.Educationisahighlycomplicatedprocesswhichisconnectedwithfamilies,schoolsandsocietythroughoutone’swholelife.

1.1Definitionoffamilyeducation

“HarryChester’sSchoolsforChildrenandInstitutesforAdults（1860）says,‘Educationisthedevelopmentandtrainingofthehumanbeinginallhiscapacities,spiritual,intellectualandphysical…’”Inthedictionary,thedefinitionoffamilyeducationisexplainedinthisway:

Parentsoreldergenerationeducatethechildorteenageinfamily.Differentsocietyneedsdifferentfamilyeducation.“ZhengQilong,inhisworkfamilyeducation,explaineditinanotherway:

Educationisasocietyusetoeducatenewgenerationwithaimsandsystems…”Familyeducationisthatparentseducatetheirchildren,itisanimportantpartofthewholeeducationsystem.Forthesakeofthechangingsituation,thedefinitionoffamilyeducationshouldbeextended:

“（i）Familyeducationisnotonlytheactionoffamilybutconcernsthewholesociety.（ii）Familyeducation’saimsarenotonlystudyingthefamilyrelationandlivingskills,butalsothephysiologyandpsychologyofeveryfamilymemberandfamilymembersall-rounddevelopment.（iii）Familyeducationisnotonlythewaythatparentsoreldergenerationeducatethechildorteenageinfamily,butallthefamilymemberseducateeachother.（iv）Familyeducationisnotonlytheeducationofthepre-schooleducation,butalsoalllifeeducation.”

1.2Importanceoffamilyeducation

“Childrenaretheexpectationoftheirparentsandthehopeofanation.Familyeducationisnotonlyanimportantcomponentofeducationbutalsothefirstlessontoachild,whichwillberememberedforever”（ZhaoZhongxin,P1,1991）.Familyeducationhasadirectinfluenceonthequalitiesoftalents.Inthe21stcentury,internationalcompetitionisbecomingfiercer.Anditisacompetitionfortalentsfundamentally.Thus,eachcountryshouldpaymoreattentiontofamilyeducationintheeducationprojects.Theissuehasbecomingahottopicinourcountry,anditarousesgreatconcernofourgovernmentandallwalksofsociety,inparticulartheeducationsector.However,manypeoplethinkthatschoolsanduniversitieshavethemainresponsibilityfortheseproblemswhichappearedineducationinrecentyears.Schoolsanduniversitiesaretobeblamed,buttheirparentsaremoretobeblamed.“Iftheloveofthegood,thebeautyandthetruthhadbeenimplantedproperlyintheirmindinearlyyears,iftheyhadbeentrainedtousetheirmindsattheverybeginning,theywouldnotlivesofoolishly”（KarlWeter.P5,2002）.Inordertofindabetterwaytoeducateourchildren,weshouldstudyothercountries’experiences.Therearemanytypesoffamilyeducationintheworld,andAmericanfamilyeducationisthemostfamousone.SoitisnecessaryandsignificanttomakeacomparisonofthedifferencesoffamilyeducationbetweenAmericaandChina.ThispaperwillcompareChinesefamilyeducationandAmericanfamilyeducationsuperficially,andhopeitmayoffersomeusefulsuggestionstofamilyeducation.

InKarlWelter’sEducationalLaw,KarlWeltersays,“Iftheloveofthegood,thebeautyandthetruthhadbeenimplantedproperlyintheirmindinearlyyears,iftheyhadbeentrainedtousetheirmindsattheverybeginning,theywouldnotlivesofoolishly”.Hisobservationisquiteright.Ifthereisnogoodbeginning,therewillbenogoodending.Familyisthefirstschoolforchildrenintheirlifewhileparentsaretheilluminativeteacher.ButinChina,someparentsdonotplayagoodroleinthispart.Theyaremorelikenursesandhavemuchexpectationfortheirchildren.Theyhelpchildrendoeverythingtheycando.Theyimposetheiraspirationonchildrenevenwithoutknowingtheirchildren'

swish.AsforAmericanparents,theylettheirchildrendoallthethingswhattheycandobythemselves.Theyrespecttheirchildren'

schoiceandgivechildrenmoreprivatespacewhilegrowingup.

Inordertofindabetterwaytoeducateourchildren,weshouldstudyAmericanfamilyeducationmodesothatwecanretainourgoodaspectswhileabandoningthebadsidesinourfamilyeducationinordertoimproveourcountries'

educationmethodandbringmuchbenefitforourchildren.

2Differentkindsoffamilyeducation

TherearemanydifferentthingsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesinfamilyeducation.Theyhavedifferentculturebackgrounds,economicstates,socialsystems,andsoon.Thesedifferenceswillaffectmanythingssuchassenseofvalue,education,responsibility.Allthingsarerelated.ThisthesisattemptstomakeacomparisonoffamilyeducationinChinaandintheUnitedStates.

2.1Differencesofthewayofcultivation

2.1.1.Thecultivationofchildren’sindependence

Firstandforemost,ChinesefamilyeducationandAmericanfamilyeducationvaryintheattitudetowardsindependence.MostAmericanparentsthinkthatthechildisanindependentindividualsinceheisborn,whohashisownwillingandcharacteristic.Neithertheparentsnorteachershaveprioritiestodetermineandrestricttheirchildren’sbehaviors.TheDeclarationofIndependencesays:

“Allthepeoplearebornequally;

theyareendowedwithholyrightsincludinglife,freedomandpursuitofhappiness."

Inordertoletthechildrenrecognizethattheyarethemastersofthemselves,Americanparentswillgivetheirchildrenenoughfreedomandwillnotmakedecisionsfortheminmostcases.Americanparentswilltorespectandunderstandtheirchildren’sfeelings.Inordertocultivatethechildren’sabilitytoenjoyindependentlife,Americanparentstakethemeasuresasfollows.Firstly,theytrytogivethemenoughopportunitiesandconditionswhichallowthemtobefullytrainedinvarioussettingssincetheywereborn.Thecommonwaytheparentsusedistoletthechildrendosomeself-serviceworkaccordingtochildren’sabilityindifferentages,becausethismethodwilldeveloptheirchildren’sloveofworkingandtalents.Ontheonehand,thiswillsavesomeexpenses,andmoreimportantly,ontheotherhand,itwilldevelopchildren’sself-awarenessatanearlyage.”Childrenwillunderstandthemeaningoftreasureandknowthattreasurecanonly