专题十八 阅读填句文档格式.docx

专题十八 阅读填句文档格式.docx

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thepurchaseofequipment,materialsandsupplies;

andaccounting.4.　　　Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofworkinalldepartments.Directionisconcernedprimarilywithsupervision（监管）andguidancebythemanagementinauthority.5.　　　　 

A.Controlincludestheuseofrecordsandreportstocompareactualworkwiththesetstandardsforwork.

B.Inthisconnectionthereisthedifferencebetweentopmanagementandoperativemanagement.

C.Examplesofnonprofitbusinessesincludesuchorganizationsassocialserviceagenciesandmanyhospitals.

D.However,somebusinessesonlyseektoearnenoughtocovertheiroperatingcosts.

E.Planninginbusinessmanagementhasthreemainaspects.

F.Inthetheoryofbusinessmanagement,organizationhastwomainaspects.

G.Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments.

答案及剖析:

1.D　上文介绍了什么是营利性商业机构。

由下文“Commonlycallednonprofits”,可知此处应表示语意的转折,介绍非营利性商业机构。

故选D项。

2.C　上文提到了非营利性商业机构,此处应是对上句进行进一步的阐释和扩展。

故选C项。

3.E　上文解释了商业管理,下文具体介绍商业管理中规划所包含的三个方面,因此本句应指出商业管理中的规划包括三个方面的内容。

4.G　前一句为第一个方面,后一句为第三个方面,因此本句应介绍第二个方面,故选G项。

5.A　本段第一句介绍了商业管理中的三个技巧:

planning,direction和control。

本句前已提到前两个技巧,因此此处应该是有关control的内容。

故选A项。

Passage2

（2013新课标全国Ⅱ）

PublicSpeakingTraining

●Getacoach

1.　　　,sogethelp.Sincethereareaboutabillioncompaniesoutthereallreadytoofferyoupublicspeakingtrainingandcourses,herearesomethingstolookforwhendecidingthetrainingthat’srightforyou. 

●Focusonpositives

Anytrainingyoudotobecomemoreeffectiveatpublicspeakingshouldalwaysfocusonthepositiveaspectsofwhatyoualreadydowell.Nothingcanhurtconfidencemorethanbeingtoldthatyouaren’tdoingwell.2.　　　,sogoodpublicspeakingtrainingshoulddevelopthoseinsteadoftellingyouwhatyoushouldn’tdo. 

●3.　　 

Ifyoufindapublicspeakingcoursethatlooksasthoughit’sgoingtogiveyoulotsofdosanddon’ts,walkaway!

Yourbrainissofullofwhatyou’regoingtobetalkingabout.4.　　　Asfaraswe’reconcerned,therearebasicallynohardandfastrulesaboutpublicspeaking.Youraudiencecanbeyourfriends. 

●Youareaspecialpersonnotaclone

Mostimportantly,goodpublicspeakingtrainingshouldtreatyouasaspecialone,withyourownpersonalhabits.5.　　　Yourtrainingcourseshouldhelpyoubringoutyourpersonality,nottrytoturnyouintosomeoneyou’renot. 

A.Youaren’tlikeanybodyelse

B.Youalreadydolotsofthingswell

C.Turnyourbackontoomanyrules

D.Checktherulesaboutdosanddon’ts

E.Whateverthepresentation,publicspeakingistough

F.Theonethingyoudon’twantisforthemtofallasleep

G.Sotryingtoforceawholesetofrulesintoitwilljustmakethingsworse

1.E　由下文“sogethelp”可知,此处指遇到困难的事情。

故选E项。

2.B　由本段标题Focusonpositivies以及下文sogoodpublicspeakingtrainingshoulddevelopthoseinsteadoftellingyouwhatyoushouldn’tdo可知答案为B项。

3.C　由下文中的“dosanddon’ts”以及“nohardandfastrules”等信息可知应选C项。

4.G　由上文“你的大脑已装满了要谈的内容”可知,此处指“强行记住整套规则只会使事情更糟”。

故选G项。

5.A　由本段标题Youareaspecialpersonnotaclone及本段中的“aspecialone”可知应选A项。

Passage3

根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

（2013北京）

Urbanization

Untilrelativelyrecently,thevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago.1.　　　Infact,nearlyeveryonelivedonfarmsorintinyrural（乡村的）villages.Itwasnotuntilthe20thcenturythatGreatBritainbecamethefirsturbansocietyinhistory—asocietyinwhichthemajorityofpeopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaliving. 

Britainwasonlythebeginning.2.　　　Theprocessofurbanization—themigration（迁徙）ofpeoplefromthecountrysidetothecity—wastheresultofmodernization,whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive. 

In1900,fewerthan40%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today,over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms.3.　　　. 

Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties,ittookaboutninety-fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.4.　　　.Untilmoderntimes,thoselivingincitiesweremainlytherulingelite（精英）andtheservants,laborersandprofessionalswhoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwerelimitedinsizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity. 

Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry.5.　　　.Today,insteadofneedingninety-fivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon-farmers. 

A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.

B.Therestliveinsmalltowns.

C.Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.

D.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecameurbansocieties.

E.Buteven200yearsago,onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.

F.Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.

G.Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.

1.E　结合上一句以及下一句的内容可知,此处是按时间顺序叙述城市化的进程的,且E项中的“onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.”与下一句中的“nearlyeveryonelivedonfarms”相呼应。

2.D　上一段的后半部分提到英国在20世纪成为第一个城市化社会,本段第一句提到英国仅仅是开端,由此可知不久以后许多其他工业国家也成为了城市化社会。

3.B　结合前两句中提到的82%和2%可知,此处应叙述其余的人居住在何处。

4.A　根据前两句的内容,尤其是“Largecitieswereimpossible”可知,受农业社会的限制,当时的城市规模很小。

本段后半部分提到的当时的城市规模受限于剩余食物的数量也是线索提示。

5.F　上一句中提到工业革命打破了城市和农村的平衡,再结合下一句中的“oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon-farmers.”可判断此项正确。

Passage4

（2013辽宁）

Forgiveness

Toforgiveisavirtue,butnoonehaseversaiditiseasy.Whensomeonehasdeeplyhurtyou,itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourhate.However,forgivenessispossible,anditcanbesurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth.Peoplewhoforgiveshowlesssadness,angerandstressandmorehopefulness,accordingtoarecentresearch.

1.　　　Trythefollowingsteps:

Calmyourself.2.　　　Youcantakeacoupleofbreathsandthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure:

abeautifulsceneinnature,orsomeoneyoulove. 

Don’twaitforanapology.Manytimesthepersonwhohurtyoudoesnotintendtoapologize.Theymayhavewantedtohurtyouortheyjustdon’tseethingsthesameway.3.　　　Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanbecomingfriendsagainwiththepersonwhoupsetyou. 

Takethecontrolawayfromyouroffender（冒犯者）.

Rethinkingaboutyourhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausedyoupain.Insteadoffocusingonyourwoundedfeelings,learntolookforthelove,beautyandkindnessaroundyou.

4.　　　Ifyouunderstandyouroffender,youmayrealizethatheorshewasactingoutofunawareness,fear,andevenlove.Youmaywanttowritealettertoyourselffromyouroffender’spointofview. 

Don’tforgettoforgiveyourself.5.　　　Butitcanrobyouofyourself-confidenceifyoudon’tdoit. 

A.Whyshouldyouforgive?

B.Howshouldyoustarttoforgive?

C.Recognizethebenefitsofforgiveness.

D.Trytoseethingsfromyouroffender’sangle.

E.Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge.

F.Tomakeyourangerdieaway,tryasimplestress-managementtechnique.

G.Ifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize,youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime.

1.B　本句起到承上启下的作用,根据“Trythefollowingsteps...”可知答案,B项以问句的形式引出下文。

2.F　Calmyourself与F项中的Tomakeyourangerdieaway,tryasimplestress-managementtechnique.从意思到结构都是一致的,故应选F。

3.G　根据上文中的Don’twaitforanapology...可知,G项中的Ifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize...与上下文一致。

4.D　根据Ifyouunderstandyouroffender以及fromyouroffender’spointofview可看出,作者告诉我们要“从冒犯者的角度看问题”。

故应选D。

5.E　本段标题为Don’tforgettoforgiveyourself与E项中的forgivingthemselves一致,并且E项与后面的句子之间正好是转折关系。

故应选E。

Passage5

（2012新课标全国）

Kids’health:

Fourstepsforfightingstress

Everybodygetsstressedfromtimetotime.1.　　　Somewaysofdealingwithstress—likescreamingorhittingsomeone—don’tsolve（解决）much.Butotherways,liketalkingtosomeoneyoutrust,canleadyoutosolvingyourproblemoratleastfeelingbetter. 

Trytakingthesefourstepsthenexttimeyouarestressed:

（1）Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Talktoatrustedadult,suchasaparentorotherrelatives.2.　　　Theymighthavehadsimilarproblems,suchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet. 

（2）Don’ttakeitoutonyourself.Sometimeswhenkidsarestressedandupsettheytakeitoutonthemselves.Oh,dear,that’snotagoodidea.Rememberthattherearealwayspeopletohelpyou.Don’ttakeitoutonyourself.3.　　 

（3）Trytosolvetheproblem.Afteryou’recalmandyouhavesupportfromadultsandfriends,

it’stimetogetdowntobusiness.4.　　　Evenifyoucan’tsolveitall,youcansolveapieceofit. 

（4）Bepositive.Moststressistemporary（暂时的）.Rememberstressdoesgoaway,especiallywhenyoufigureouttheproblemandstartworkingonsolvingit.

Thesestepsaren’tmagic,buttheydowork.Andify