初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案推荐文档Word格式文档下载.docx
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一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。
及物动词+带to的不定式结构:
只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有:
afford，agree，aim，appear，ask，believe，care，claim，decidedemand，desire，determine，expect，fail，happen，hesitate，hope，intend，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，prepare，refuse，seek，swear，undertake，want，wish等。
1.Hemanagedtosolvethecomplicatedproblem.
2.Thestrangerofferedtoshowmetheway.
3.Mr.SmithundertooktobuildanewplantinSouthAfrica.
动词+疑问代（副）词+不定式：
这类动词常见的有advise，decide，findout，forget，inquire，know，learn，seeregard初中英语语法总结，remember，teach,tell，understand,wonder
等。
常见的疑问代（副）词有：
what，when，where,which，how，whether等。
1.Hedoesnotknowwhentostart.
2.Youcandecidewhethertocontinueortostop.
3.lwillshowyouhowtodealwithit.
有时，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。
这可以用这一结构表达：
动
词（如find，think，consider，feel等）+it+形容词+不定式。
I.Sheconsidersitnecessarytomakefriendswithhim.
2.Wefinditdifficulttofinishallthehomeworkbefore9o'
clock.
3）不定式做表语
一种情况为主语是不定式（表示条件）;
表语是不定式（表示结果）:
1.Toseeistobelieve.
2.Toworkmeanstoearnaliving
另一种情况为主语是以aim，duty，hope,idea,job，plan,problem，purpose,thing，wish等名词为中心的短语，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用：
；
例如：
1.Hisaimistostudyabroadinthenearfuture
2.Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemabouttheprice
3.WhatIwanttosayistoforgetalltheunhappyexperienee
4）不定式作定语
不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型：
第一种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。
1.Therewasreallynothingtofear
2.Hegavemeaninterestingbooktoread
如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词。
1.Maryneedsafriendtoplaywith.
2.Thatgirlhasnothingtoworryabout.
3.Theyhaveastrictteachertolistento
4.AlthoughthefilmhadbeenonfortenminutesIstillwasnotabletofindachairtositon.
第二种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语；
1.Haveyougotakeytouniockthedoor?
2.Theactiontobetakeniscorrect
3.Thereisnothingtobegainedbypretending
第三种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。
这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意义的名词：
ability，attempt,effort，impulse，inclination,wish等。
I.Herdaughterwillmakeanevenbiggerefforttopleaseher
2.1havenowishtoquarrelwithyou.
3.NeitherofthemhadanyinclinationtodobusinesswithMary.
5）不定式作状语
不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。
例如作原因状语：
1.Theyarequitesurprisedtoseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea
2.Theyarequitesurprisedbecausetheyseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea
3.Hewasluckytoarrivebeforedark
4.Hewasluckybecausehearrivedbeforedark
作目的状语：
I.Sheraisedhervoicetobehearedbetter
2.Sheraisedhervoicesothatshecouldheardbetter
3.WewentviaHeidelbergtomissthetrafficjam
4.WewentviaHeidelbergsothatwecouldmissthetrafficjam作结果状语：
1.TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullyastodefeattheBrazilians
2.TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullythattheyevendefeatedtheBrazilians.
3.Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone
4.Hegottothestationandwastoldthatthetrainhadgone不带to的不定式的使用
动词不定式通常带to,但在有些搭配中不带to,在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。
归纳起来，以下情况下使用不带to不定式：
1）在can/could,/may/might,will/would,shall/should,must,need,dare
等情态动词之后，动词不定式不带to。
2）在表示感觉意义的动词，如see初中英语语法总结，feel,watch,notice,smell,hear,observe等后，或是表示致使”意义的动词，如have,let,make等后，动词不定式不带to。
1.1oftenheardhimsaythathewouldstudyhard
2.1musthavehimseehisownmistakes
但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时，后面的不带to不定式一般转换为带to不
1.Hewasoftenheardtosaythathewouldstudyhard
2.Afterhehadfinishedspeakinghewasmadetoanswerinnumerablequestions
3）在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式，也可用带to的不定式。
1.Helptheoldlady（to）carrytheheavybox.
4）在hadbette,wouldrather,may/mightaswell,ratherthan,cannotbut等搭
配之后初中英语语法总结，动词不定式也不带to。
1.Unlessyoufeeltoilltogoout,Iwouldrathernotstayathometonight
2.Shecouldnotbutcriticizehisfoolishbehaviour.
5）在makedo,makebelieve,letdrop,1etfall,1etfly,letslip,letdrive,letgooff,hearsayheartell,leavegoof等固定搭配中，用不带to的动词不定式。
例如：
1.Theyletgooftherope.他们松开了绳子。
2.Johnletflyatorrentofabuseatme约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。
3.I'
veheardtellofhim.我听说过他。
4.Someofthefacultywereletgoforlackofthestudents由于生源不足，一些教职员工被解雇了。
6）在介词but初中英语语法总结初中英语语法总结，except之后，如果其前有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带to,反之则必须带to,表示不得不，只能”例如：
1.Hewilldoanythingexceptworkonthefarm.
2.Therewasnothingleftfortheenemytodobutsurrender
3.Thespywasbothhungryandcoldtherewasnothingleftforhimbuttogivein.
4.Ihadnochoicebuttowaittillitstoppedraining.
下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带to：
cannothelpbut，cannotchoosebu，tcannotbut，donothingbut，havenothingtodobut。
Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.如果上述句中有do，to省略：
IdidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight．如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带to：
Ihavenochoicebuttogiveupmyidea.
7）紧跟在why或whynot之后的动词不定式总是不带to。
但是，紧跟在who,what,which,whether等连接词后的不定式带to。
Whystandupifyoucansitdown?
Whynotaskyourteacherwhenyoudon'
tunderstandthemeaning?
Youneedn'
tdecideyetwhethertostudyartsorscienc．e
4．不定式的否定形式
否定形式是在不定式的标志to前加not。
1.Idecidednottoaskhimagain．
2.Pleaseremembernottoleavethelightsonwhenyouareo．ut
动词不定式练习
一.根据上句意思完成下句,使两句意思相近或相同,每空一词。
1.Hewassoangrythathecouldn'
tsayanything.
Hewastooangryanything.
2.Idon'
tknowwhenwewillhavethemeeting.
Idon'
tknowwhenthemeeting.
3.Hesaidhewouldwritealetter.
Hesaidhewouldhavealetter.
4.ThatyoureadEnglishinthemorningisveryimportant.
ItisveryimportantyouEnglishinthemorning.
5.Hewassostrongthathecouldliftthestone.（石头）
Hewasstrongthestone.
6.HisfatherwenttoBeijingforhisholiday.
HisfatherwenttoBeijinghisholiday.
7.Theygotupearlysothattheycouldgetthereintime.
Theygotupearlythereintime.
8.Hisbrotherdecidedthathewouldbuythebook.
Hisbrotherdecidedthebook.
9.HehopesthathecanvisittheGreatWall.
HehopestheGreatWall.
10.Isawhimgointotheroom.
Hewasseenintotheroom.
11.Wemadehimworkfivehoursaday.
Hewasmadefivehoursaday.
12.Doyouwanttosayanythingforyourself?
Doyouhaveanythingforyourself?
13.Wedon'
tknowwhatweshalldonext.Wedon'
tknowwhatnext.
14.Im'
verysorryonhearingthebadnews.
I'
mverysorrythebadnews.
15.Hestoppedandhadalookatme.Hestoppedalookatme.
16.IhelpedhimwithhisEnglish.
IhelpedhimEnglish.
17.Myfatherpromised（许诺）thathewouldbuymeabike.Myfatherpromisedmeabike.
18.TheboxissoheavythatIcan'
tcarryit.
Theboxistooheavyme.
19.“Liedown!
”theboysaidtohisdog.Theboyorderedhisdogdown.
20.“Don'
tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtome.
Shetoldmeanynoise.
二.单选：
1.Thiscompanywasthefirstportableradiosaswellascassettetaperecorders
intheworld.
A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.produced
2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.
A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomake
3.Helenhadtoshoutabovethesoundofthemusic.
A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard
4.Idon'
tknowwhetheryouhappen,butIamgoingtostudyintheU.S.A
thisSeptember.
A.tobeheard.B.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard
5.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlythefilmstarshadleft.
A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told
6.Youweresillynotyourcar.
A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked
7.Theteacheraskedussomuchnoise.
A.don'
tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake
8.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedclear
warningsbeforefiringanyshots.
A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued
9.I'
dratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,thanaroomwith
someoneelse.
A.toshareB.tohavesharedC.shareD.sharing
10.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaperinbroaddaylight
yesterday.
A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.having
beenrobbed
11.Anumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelievedinafire.
A.beingdestroyedB.havingbeendestroyed
C.tobedestroyedD.tohavebeendestroyed
12.Themeetingnextweekissuretobeagreatsuccess.
A.totakeplaceB.tobetakenplace
C.tohavetakenplaceD.beingtakenplace
13.Asaresultofmylaziness,Ifailedmyworkintime.
A.andfinishedB.tofinishC.andfinishingD.tofinished
14.Iamsorrywrittenyoualetteratthetime.
A.tohavenotB.tonothaveC.nottohaveD.nothaving
15.Willyoulendhimamagazine?
A.tobereadB.forreading
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