虚拟语气讲解Word文档下载推荐.docx
《虚拟语气讲解Word文档下载推荐.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《虚拟语气讲解Word文档下载推荐.docx(19页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
If+主语+动词过去式(be的过去式用were);
should+动词原形;
wereto+动词原形
should(would,might,could)+动词原形
1.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were),主句的谓语用should(would,might,could)+动词原形。
Ifitwerenotraining,weshouldgoforapicnic.如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。
(事实是:
天在下雨,我们不能出去野餐。
表示愿望。
)
Ifhecamehere,hemightbeabletohelpyou.如果他来这,他就能够帮助你了。
他没来这,他不可能帮助你。
表示对他的良好印象。
2.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词,主句的谓语用should(would,might,could)+have+过去分词。
当时没有人邀请她,因此,她没有来参加聚会。
表示后悔。
Ifshehadn'
tcalledme,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.
今天早上,她要是不叫我的话,我就会睡过头了。
她今天早上叫我了,我没有睡过头。
表示感激。
3.与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were);
wereto+动词原形,主句用should(would,might,could)+动词原形。
IfIweretobetwentyyearsoldnextyear,IwouldtakethecourseofFrench.
明年我要是二十岁,我就会学法语。
我现在已经老了,明年我学不了法语了。
Ifitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.要是失败了,我会再试一次。
有可能失败,可我会再试。
表示未知。
虚拟过去式有时并不表示“不大可能实现的假设”,而是表示一种希望或不希望发生的动作。
Ifwecaughttheearlytrain,we’dgettherebylunchtime.
假如我们赶上早班火车,到午饭时间我们就会到达那里了。
(表希望)
Ifwemissedthetrain,weshouldhavetowaitanhouratthestation.
假如我们赶不上这班火车,我们就得在车站等一小时。
(表不希望)
4.混合型的条件句
当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。
主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应,这种条件句叫混合条件句。
较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时(指过去行为),而主句用一般时(指目前状态)。
Hewouldpassthetestifhehadtakenmyadvice.如果他听了我的劝告,他现在会通过考试。
IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.
假如昨天我对他说了,现在我就知道该怎么办了。
Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtakenmyadvice.
假如你接受了我的意见,你现在就会好得多。
如条件从句用ifIwere...,主句则可用表任何时间的虚拟形式。
IfIwerenotbusy,Iwouldhavecome.
假如我不忙,我就会去了。
(were表过去)
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgo.
假如我是你,我会去的。
(were表现在)
二.连词if的省略
如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were,had和should时,可省略if,把were,had和should放到从句主语前面去,多见于书面语。
Hadyounothelpedme,Ishouldhavefailed.要是没有你的帮助,我就失败了。
Wereyouinmyposition,youwoulddothesame.假如你处在我的地位,你也会这样干的。
Shouldtheyattackus,we’llwipethemoutcompletely.
假如他们进攻我们,我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。
三.含蓄条件句
四.不用if引导的条件从句
虚拟条件句中的条件从句除用if引外,还可用when,unless,lest,suppose,asif,forfear,incase,oncondition等词语来引导。
Thepeasantspreparedtofeedthecitywhenitshouldbefreed.
农民已准备在这座城市解放后供给粮食。
Lestyoushouldnothaveheardall,Ishallbeginatthebeginning.
我怕你没有听全,所以我再从头开始讲一遍。
UnlessIwerewell,Iwouldn’tbeatschool.除非我好了,否则我不会上学。
SupposeyouweregivenachancetostudyinAmerica,wouldyouaccept?
假如给你一个到美国学习的机会,你会接受吗?
(suppose或supposing=whatif)
Supposingitwereso?
(=Supposingitwereso,whatwouldhappen?
要是这样的话,会怎么样呢?
Hecanusethebicycleonconditionthatheshouldreturnittomorrow.
如果明天能还回来,他就可以借用这辆自行车。
IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeofmypromise如果我忘了,请提醒我的诺言。
Susaniswalkingslowly,asifsheweretired.苏珊走得很慢,就像是累了似的。
与if一样,上述词语所引导的条件从句亦可用直陈语气,表可能实现或发生的事。
五.习题
1.Ifhehadnotmissedthetrain,he______bythen.
A.mightget B.mighthavegot C.got D.hadgot
2.IfI______outofmyink,Iwouldhavefinishedwritingthepaper.
A.didn'
trun B.shouldn'
trun C.haven'
trun D.hadn'
trun
3.Iwouldhavegonetothemeeting,ifI______moretime.
A.hadhad B.havehad C.had D.wouldhavehad
4.IcouldhavedonebetterifI______moretime.
A.havehad B.had C.hadhad D.willhavehad
5.IfI______you,Iwouldn'
treturnthecall.
A.be B.am C.was D.were
6.______today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.Wouldheleave B.Washeleaving
C.Werehetoleave D.Ifheleaves
7.IfIhadhurried,I______thetrain.
A.wouldcatch B.couldcatch
C.wouldhavecaught D.hadcaught
8.Ifyouhadbeenwithus,you______ourexcitement.
A.haveunderstood B.understood
C.willunderstand D.wouldhaveunderstood
9.Withoutyourhelp,we______somuch.
A.willnotachieve B.didn'
tachieve
C.don'
tachieve D.wouldnothaveachieved
10.Ifhe______thestorekeeper'
sscissors,hewouldhaveforgottentobuyapair.
A.wouldnotseen B.hadnotseen
C.hadseen D.hasseen
11.Butforwater,it______impossibletoliveinthedesert.
A.is B.was C.were D.wouldn'
tbe
12.______it______foryourhelp,Icouldn'
thavemadeanyprogress.
A.Had;
notbeen B.Should;
notbeen
C.Did;
notbeen D.Not;
be
13.Long______theParty!
A.lives B.live C.willlive D.shouldlive
14.IfonlyI______mycar!
A.hadn'
tlost B.wouldnotlose
C.didn'
tlose D.haven'
tlost
15.______Ibefreetomorrow,Icouldgowithyou.
A.Could B.Should C.Might D.Must
参考答案
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D
6.C 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.B
11.D 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.B
解析 1.对过去事情的假设,要用would/mighthavedonesth.来表达。
2.根据wouldhavefinished可以推断应该是过去时,可以推断从句应该用过去完成时。
5.对现在的假设,如果是动词be,一般用were的形式。
9.without,butfor都是暗含条件的短语。
它可以转换成条件句,即Ifwehadnothadyourhelp,是对过去情况的假设,所以应该选D。
虚拟语气练习题
1.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_____thebookfromwhichitwasmade.
A.haveread B.hadread
C.shouldhaveread D.arereading
2.Youarelate.Ifyou_____afewminutesearlier,you_____him.
A.come;
wouldmeet B.hadcome;
wouldhavemet
C.come;
willmeet D.hadcome;
wouldmeet
3.Thetwostudentstalkedasifthey_____friendsforyears.
A.shouldbe B.wouldbe
C.havebeen D.hadbeen
4.ItisimportantthatI_____withMr.Williamsimmediately.
A.speak B.spoke
C.willspeak D.tospeak
5.Helookedasifhe_____illforalongtime.
A.was B.WereC.hasbeen D.hadbeen
6.Ifthedoctorhadcomeearlier,thepoorchildwouldnot_____.
A.havelaidtherefortwohours B.havebeenliedtherefortwohours
C.haveliedtherefortwohours D.havelaintherefortwohours
7.IwishthatI_____withyoulastnight.
A.went B.couldgo
C.havegone D.couldhavegone
8.Let’ssayyoucouldgothereagain,how_____feel?
A.willyou B.shouldyou
C.wouldyou D.doyou
9.Ican’tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_____everything.
A.knew B.knows
C.hasknown D.hadknown
10._____thefog,weshouldhavereachedourschool.
A.Becauseof B.Inspiteof
C.Incaseof D.Butfor
11.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_____himattheairport.
A.wouldmeet B.wouldhadmet
C.wouldhavemet D.wouldhavemeet
12.Mikecantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.
A.teaches B.willteach
C.hastaught D.wouldteach
13.Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer,haditbeenpossible,butI_____sobusythen.
A.hadbeen B.were
C.was D.wouldbe
14.He’sworkinghardforfearthathe_____.
A.shouldfallbehind B.fellbehind
C.mayfallbehind D.wouldfallenbehind
15.Ifit_____anothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.
A.hadrained B.wouldhaverained
C.haveseen D.rained
16.Hesuggestedthatthey_____useatrickinsteadoffighting.
A.should B.would
C.do D.had
17.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;
thedoctorsuggestedthathe_____there.
A.notwent B.won’tgo
C.notgo D.nottogo
18.IwouldhavegonetothemeetingifI_____time.
A.hadhad B.havehad
C.had D.wouldhavehad
19.WouldyouratherI_____buyinganewbike?
A.decidedagainst B.willdecideagainst
C.havedecided D.shalldecideagainst
20.Youlooksotiredtonight.Itistimeyou_____.
A.gotosleep B.wenttosleep
C.gotobed D.wenttobed
21.—Whydidn’tyoubuyanewcar?
—IwouldhaveboughtoneifI_____enoughmoney.
A.had B.havehad
C.wouldhave D.hadhad
22.Ifshecouldsew,_____.
A.shemakeadress B.shewouldhavemadeashirt
C.shewillmakeashirt D.shewouldhadmadeacoat
23._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.Wouldheleave B.Washeleaving
C.Werehetoleave D.Ifheleaves
24.Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe_____ashorttripabroad.
A.willtake B.wouldtake
C.take D.took
25.TheBakersarrivedlastnight.Ifthey’donlyletusknowearlier,_____atthestation.
A.we’dmeetthem B.we’llmeetthem
C.we’dhavemetthem D.we’vemetthem
26.IfI_____you,I_____moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.
A.was;
shallpay B.am;
willpay
C.wouldbe;
wouldpay D.were;
wouldpay
27.Wemighthavefailedifyou_____usahelpinghand.
A.havenotgiven B.wouldnotgive
C.hadnotgiven D.didnotgive
28.Thelawrequiresthateveryone_____hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.
A.has B.had
C.have D.willhave
29.Itisstrangethathe_____so.
A.wouldsay B.wouldspeak
C.shouldsay