Key Terms 17001783.docx

Key Terms 17001783.docx

《Key Terms 17001783.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Key Terms 17001783.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

KeyTerms17001783

KeyTerms1700-1783:

CausesofRevolutionthroughRevolution

SalutaryNeglect

Britain’sabsenceincolonialAmericaduetopressingissuesinEnglandleftthecoloniesaloneforthemostparttogovernthemselves.DuringthistimetheyflourishedanddevelopedaBritishorigin,yetwithadistinctlyAmericanflavor.Itwasbecauseofthisabsencethatthecoloniesbecamemoreselfsufficientandeventuallyitledthemtoafeelingofindividualitythattheyfearedlosing,thusbringingforththeDeclarationofIndependenceafteraseriesofevents.

Mercantilism:

features,rationale,impactonGreatBritain,impactonthedifferentcolonies:

EconomicpolicyprevailinginEuropeduringthe16th,17th,and18thcenturiesunderwhichgovernmentalcontrolwasexercisedoverindustryandtradeinaccordancewiththetheorythatnationalstrengthisincreasedbyamajorityofexportsoverimports.Thecoloniesadoptedmercantilismasbusinessinwhichthemothercountrycouldbenefit.

Triangulartrade:

Tradethattakesplacebetweenthreeplacesiscalledtriangulartrade.ColonialtradewasnotverytriangularbecausetheNavigationActsforcedAmericanmerchantstotradeonlywithBritain.However,theAmericansstillmanagedtosmugglegoodswiththeFrenchCaribbeanandIndia.

Consignmentsystems:

AsystemofdraftingsailorsintotheBritishnavy.TheBritishcouldfreelyusethesoldiersattheirconveniencebytherulesofthisdraft.ThedraftcausedmanyproblemsinthelifeofyoungAmericanmen.Manyteenagerstriedtoavoidthedraftbygivingfalseinformationaboutthemselves.

MolassesAct,1733:

LegislationbytheBritishParliamentfortaxingandimposingshipmentrestrictionsonsugarandmolassesimportedintotheprofitablecoloniesfromtheWestIndies.Itwasmeanttocreateprofitabletradeasaprotectivetariff,butitwasnevermeanttoraiserevenue.

WoolensAct,1699;HatAct,1732:

IronAct,1750:

Actspecifyingcertainenumeratedgoods—principallytobacco,rice,andindigo—thatthecolonistscouldexportonlytoanotherEnglishcolonyortoEngland.ThesewereattemptstopreventmanufacturingintheBritishcoloniesthatmightthreatentheeconomyofEngland.

CurrencyAct,1751:

ActpassedbyBritishParliamentthataffectedthecoloniesbyadjustingthecurrency.ThepointofthisattackwastoraiserevenueforGreatBritain.ItwasaclearexampleofhowSalutaryNeglectwascomingtoanendwiththeFrenchandIndianWar.

CurrencyAct,1764:

AnotherActpassedbytheBritishParliamentthataffectedthecoloniesandwasmeanttoraiserevenueforGreatBritain.ItwasverysimilartotheotherpreviousCurrencyActbutthisactwastargetedtowardsthepeopleandraisingthetaxessothattheParliamentcouldmakemoremoney.

MagnaCarta,1215:

AchartergrantedbyKingJohn,thatexactlyestablishedtherelationshipbetweenthekingsandbaronsandguaranteedideasoffreecommerce,therighttoafairtrial,andtherighttoatrialbyyourpeers.ManyofthebaserightsintheUnitedStatesConstitutionareincludedinit.

PetitionofRight,1628:

PetitiongiventoCharlesIbyparliament,askinghimtostopsendingsoldierstoliveinprivatecitizenshomes,stoptaxingwithoutitsconsentandstopdeclaringmartiallawinatimeofpeace.ThisoccurredpartiallybecauseCharleswastryingtopayoffhiswardebt.

HabeasCorpusAct:

Actsayingthatapersoncannotbeheldinprisonwithoutbeingchargedandtried.Theyputthisintoeffecttohelpstopinnocentpeoplefrombeingthrownintojailwithnospecificreasonwhy.ThisideawasadoptedintoourConstitutioninArticle1,Section9.Itcanonlyberevokedintimeofrebellion.

NavigationAct,1651:

Parliamentpassedthislegislationin1651inordertoprotectEnglishtradefromforeigncompetition.ItwasonlytemporaryanditstatedthatgoodsimportedorexportedbythecoloniesinAfricaandAsiamustbeshippedoutorimportedonlybyEnglishvesselsandthecrewsmustbe75%British.ItalsohelpedU.S.capitalism.

NavigationAct,1660:

ThisParliamentaryactrenewedthe1651actandspecifiedcertaininnumerablearticleswhichcouldbeexportedonlytotheEnglishortoanotherEnglishcolonyin1660.Amongthesegoodsweretobacco,rice,andindigo.Americanshipbuildingthusprosperedandtherewasastableprotectedmarketforproducers.

NavigationAct,1663:

ThisParliamentaryactdisallowedcolonialmerchantsfromexportingproductslikesugarandtobaccoanywhereexcepttoEnglandandfromimportinggoodsinshipsnotmadeandproducedbytheEnglish.Alongwiththe1660act,itwaspassedtohelpEnglishcommercialinterestsin1663buthelpedtheU.S.

NavigationAct,1696:

ThiswasthefifthandfinalParliamentaryNavigationAct.Itallowedformethodsofenforcingtheacts,providedmorepenaltiesforevasion,andintroduceduseofvice-admiraltycourts.It